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Sigma

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(Redirected from Six sigma)For other uses, see Sigma 6. Six Sigma is a set of techniques and tools for process improement.!t "as deeloped #y $otorola in %&'6.%* +ack Welch made it central to his #usiness strategy ateneral -lectric in %&&./ 0oday, it is used in many industrial sectors.1

Six Sigma seeks to improe the quality output of process #y identifying and remoing the causesof defects (errors) and minimi2ing aria#iempirical , statistical methods , and creates a specialinfrastructure of people "ithin the organi2ation (34hampions3, 35lack 5elts3, 3reen 5elts3,3ello" 5elts3, etc.) "ho are experts in these methods. -ach Six Sigma pro7ect carried out"ithin an organi2ation follo"s a defined sequence of steps and has quantified alue targets, forexample8 reduce process cycle time, reduce pollution, reduce costs, increase customer

satisfaction, and increase profits.

0he term Six Sigma originated from terminology associated "ith manufacturing , specificallyterms associated "ith statistical modeling of manufacturing processes . 0he maturity of amanufacturing process can #e descri#ed #y a sigma rating indicating its yield or the percentageof defect9free products it creates. : six sigma process is one in "hich &&.&&&66; of allopportunities to produce some feature of a part are statistically expected to #e free of defects (/.1defectie features < million opportunities), although, as discussed #elo" , this defect leelcorresponds to only a 1. sigma leel. $otorola set a goal of 3six sigma3 for all of itsmanufacturing operations, and this goal #ecame a #y9"ord for the management and engineering practices used to achiee it.

Contents

empirical , statistical methods , and creates a special infrastructure of people "ithin theorgani2ation (34hampions3, 35lack 5elts3, 3reen 5elts3, 3ello" 5elts3, etc.) "ho are expertsin these methods. -ach Six Sigma pro7ect carried out "ithin an organi2ation follo"s a definedsequence of steps and has quantified alue targets, for example8 reduce process cycle time,reduce pollution, reduce costs, increase customer satisfaction, and increase profits.

0he term Six Sigma originated from terminology associated "ith manufacturing , specificallyterms associated "ith statistical modeling of manufacturing processes . 0he maturity of a

manufacturing process can #e descri#ed #y a sigma rating indicating its yield or the percentageof defect9free products it creates. : six sigma process is one in "hich &&.&&&66; of allopportunities to produce some feature of a part are statistically expected to #e free of defects (/.1defectie features < million opportunities), although, as discussed #elo" , this defect leelcorresponds to only a 1. sigma leel. $otorola set a goal of 3six sigma3 for all of itsmanufacturing operations, and this goal #ecame a #y9"ord for the management and engineering practices used to achiee it.

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six_sigma&redirect=nohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma_6_(disambiguation)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorolahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-ssorigin-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-Tennant6-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Welchhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Welchhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electrichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electrichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-sshxpqa-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-SAFARI-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma_6_(disambiguation)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorolahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-ssorigin-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-Tennant6-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Welchhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electrichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-sshxpqa-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-SAFARI-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six_sigma&redirect=no


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Contents

empirical , statistical methods , and creates a special infrastructure of people "ithin theorgani2ation (34hampions3, 35lack 5elts3, 3reen 5elts3, 3ello" 5elts3, etc.) "ho are expertsin these methods. -ach Six Sigma pro7ect carried out "ithin an organi2ation follo"s a defined

sequence of steps and has quantified alue targets, for example8 reduce process cycle time,reduce pollution, reduce costs, increase customer satisfaction, and increase profits.

0he term Six Sigma originated from terminology associated "ith manufacturing , specificallyterms associated "ith statistical modeling of manufacturing processes . 0he maturity of amanufacturing process can #e descri#ed #y a sigma rating indicating its yield or the percentageof defect9free products it creates. : six sigma process is one in "hich &&.&&&66; of allopportunities to produce some feature of a part are statistically expected to #e free of defects (/.1defectie features < million opportunities), although, as discussed #elo" , this defect leelcorresponds to only a 1. sigma leel. $otorola set a goal of 3six sigma3 for all of itsmanufacturing operations, and this goal #ecame a #y9"ord for the management and engineering

practices used to achiee it.

Contents


ies), although, as discussed #elo" , this defect leel corresponds to only a 1. sigma leel.$otorola set a goal of 3six sigma3 for all of its manufacturing operations, and this goal #ecame a #y9"ord for the management and engineering practices used to achiee it.

Contents

lity Six sigma)For other uses, see Sigma 6. Six Sigma is a set of techniques and tools for process improement.!t "as deeloped #y $otorola in %&'6.%* +ack Welch made it central to his #usiness strategy ateneral -lectric in %&&./ 0oday, it is used in many industrial sectors.1

Six Sigma seeks to improe the quality output of process #y identifying and remoing the causesof defects (errors) and minimi2ing aria#iempirical , statistical methods , and creates a specialinfrastructure of people "ithin the organi2ation (34hampions3, 35lack 5elts3, 3reen 5elts3,3ello" 5elts3, etc.) "ho are experts in these methods. -ach Six Sigma pro7ect carried out"ithin an organi2ation follo"s a defined sequence of steps and has quantified alue targets, forexample8 reduce process cycle time, reduce pollution, reduce costs, increase customersatisfaction, and increase profits.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six_sigma&redirect=nohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma_6_(disambiguation)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorolahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-ssorigin-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-Tennant6-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Welchhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Welchhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electrichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electrichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-sshxpqa-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-SAFARI-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six_sigma&redirect=nohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma_6_(disambiguation)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorolahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-ssorigin-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-Tennant6-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Welchhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electrichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-sshxpqa-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-SAFARI-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersion


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0he term Six Sigma originated from terminology associated "ith manufacturing , specificallyterms associated "ith statistical modeling of manufacturing processes . 0he maturity of amanufacturing process can #e descri#ed #y a sigma rating indicating its yield or the percentageof defect9free products it creates. : six sigma process is one in "hich &&.&&&66; of allopportunities to produce some feature of a part are statistically expected to #e free of defects (/.1

defectie features < million opportunities), although, as discussed #elo" , this defect leelcorresponds to only a 1. sigma leel. $otorola set a goal of 3six sigma3 for all of itsmanufacturing operations, and this goal #ecame a #y9"ord for the management and engineering practices used to achiee it.

Contents

empirical , statistical methods , and creates a special infrastructure of people "ithin theorgani2ation (34hampions3, 35lack 5elts3, 3reen 5elts3, 3ello" 5elts3, etc.) "ho are expertsin these methods. -ach Six Sigma pro7ect carried out "ithin an organi2ation follo"s a definedsequence of steps and has quantified alue targets, for example8 reduce process cycle time,

reduce pollution, reduce costs, increase customer satisfaction, and increase profits.


Contents


0he term Six Sigma originated from terminology associated "ith manufacturing , specifically

terms associated "ith statistical modeling of manufacturing processes . 0he maturity of amanufacturing process can #e descri#ed #y a sigma rating indicating its yield or the percentageof defect9free products it creates. : six sigma process is one in "hich &&.&&&66; of allopportunities to produce some feature of a part are statistically expected to #e free of defects (/.1defectie features < million opportunities), although, as discussed #elo" , this defect leelcorresponds to only a 1. sigma leel. $otorola set a goal of 3six sigma3 for all of itsmanufacturing operations, and this goal #ecame a #y9"ord for the management and engineering practices used to achiee it.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersion


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empirical , statistical methods , and creates a special infrastructure of people "ithin theorgani2ation (34hampions3, 35lack 5elts3, 3reen 5elts3, 3ello" 5elts3, etc.) "ho are expertsin these methods. -ach Six Sigma pro7ect carried out "ithin an organi2ation follo"s a defined

sequence of steps and has quantified alue targets, for example8 reduce process cycle time,reduce pollution, reduce costs, increase customer satisfaction, and increase profits.

0he term Six Sigma originated from terminology associated "ith manufacturing , specificallyterms associated "ith statistical modeling of manufacturing processes . 0he maturity of amanufacturing process can #e descri#ed #y a sigma rating indicating its yield or the percentageof defect9free products it creates. : six sigma process is one in "hich &&.&&&66; of allopportunities to produce some feature of a part are statistically expected to #e free of defects (/.1defectie features < million opportunities), although, as discussed #elo" , this defect leelcorresponds to only a 1. sigma leel. $otorola set a goal of 3six sigma3 for all of itsmanufacturing operations, and this goal #ecame a #y9"ord for the management and engineering


Contents



Contents


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0he term Six Sigma originated from terminology associated "ith manufacturing , specificallyterms associated "ith statistical modeling of manufacturing processes . 0he maturity of amanufacturing process can #e descri#ed #y a sigma rating indicating its yield or the percentageof defect9free products it creates. : six sigma process is one in "hich &&.&&&66; of allopportunities to produce some feature of a part are statistically expected to #e free of defects (/.1

defectie features < million opportunities), although, as discussed #elo" , this defect leelcorresponds to only a 1. sigma leel. $otorola set a goal of 3six sigma3 for all of itsmanufacturing operations, and this goal #ecame a #y9"ord for the management and engineering practices used to achiee it.

Contents

empirical , statistical methods , and creates a special infrastructure of people "ithin theorgani2ation (34hampions3, 35lack 5elts3, 3reen 5elts3, 3ello" 5elts3, etc.) "ho are expertsin these methods. -ach Six Sigma pro7ect carried out "ithin an organi2ation follo"s a definedsequence of steps and has quantified alue targets, for example8 reduce process cycle time,

reduce pollution, reduce costs, increase customer satisfaction, and increase profits.

• 0he term Six Sigma originated from terminology associated "ith manufacturing ,

specifically terms associated "ith statistical modeling of manufacturing processes . 0hematurity of a manufacturing process can #e descri#ed #y a sigma rating indicating itsyield or the percentage of defect9free products it createscommitment to making decisionson the #asis of erifia#le data and statistical methods, rather than assumptions andguess"ork.

0he term 3six sigma3 comes from statistics and is used in statistical quality control , "hichealuates process capa#ility . =riginally, it referred to the a#ility of manufacturing processes to

produce a ery high proportion of output "ithin specification. >rocesses that operate "ith 3sixsigma quality3 oer the short term are assumed to produce long9term defect leels #elo" /.1defects per million opportunities (?>$=). 6 Six Sigma@s implicit goal is to improe all processes, #ut not to the /.1 ?>$= leel necessarily. =rgani2ations need to determine anappropriate sigma leel for each of their most important processes and strie to achiee these. :sa result of this goal, it is incum#ent on management of the organi2ation to prioriti2e areas ofimproement.

3Six Sigma3 "as registered +une %%, %&&% as A.S. Serice $ark B1,C*6,1%' . !n *CC $otorolaattri#uted oer ASD%B #illion in saings to Six Sigma. B

=ther early adopters of Six Sigma include Eoney"ell (preiously kno"n as :lliedSignal ) andeneral -lectric , "here +ack Welch introduced the method. ' 5y the late %&&Cs, a#out t"o9thirdsof the Fortune CC organi2ations had #egun Six Sigma initiaties "ith the aim of reducing costsand improing quality. &

!n recent years, some practitioners hae com#ined Six Sigma ideas "ith lean manufacturing tocreate a methodology named ean Six Sigma .%C 0he ean Six Sigma methodology ie"s leanmanufacturing, "hich addresses process flo" and "aste issues, and Six Sigma, "ith its focus on

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ariation and design, as complementary disciplines aimed at promoting 3#usiness andoperational excellence3. %C 4ompanies such as -, %% Geri2on, -H>:40, and !5$ use eanSix Sigma to focus transformation efforts not 7ust on efficiency #ut also on gro"th. !t seres as afoundation for innoation throughout the organi2ation, from manufacturing and soft"aredeelopment to sales and serice deliery functions.

0he !nternational =rgani2ation for Standardi2ation (!S=) has pu#lished in *C%% the first standard3!S= %/C/8*C%%3 defining a Six Sigma process. %* =ther 3standards3 are created mostly #yuniersities or companies that hae so9called first9party certification programs for Six Sigma.

Methodologies

Six Sigma pro7ects follo" t"o pro7ect methodologies inspired #y ?eming @s >lan9?o94heck9:ct4ycle . 0hese methodologies, composed of fie phases each, #ear the acronyms ?$:!4 and?$:?G. &

• ?$:!4 is used for pro7ects aimed at improing an existing #usiness process.& ?$:!4is pronounced as 3duh9may9ick3 (I d me kJ).ˌ ʌ ̍ ɪ ɪ

• ?$:?G is used for pro7ects aimed at creating ne" product or process designs.&

?$:?G is

• the enterprise strategy.

• M easure and identify 40Ks (characteristics that are C ritical T o Q uality), $easure

product capa#ilities, production process capa#ility, and measure risks.

• A nalyze to deelop and design alternaties

• D esign an improed alternatie, #est suited per analysis in the preious step

• V erify the design, set up pilot runs, implement the production process and hand it oer to

the process o"ner(s).

Quality management tools and methods

Within the indiidual phases of a ?$:!4 or ?$:?G pro7ect. : six sigma process is one in

"hich &&.&&&66; of all opportunities to produce some feature of a part are statistically expectedto #e free of defects (/.1 defectie features < million opportunities), although, as discussed #elo" ,this defect leel corresponds to only a 1. sigma leel. $otorola set a goal of 3six sigma3 for allof its manufacturing operations, and this goal #ecame a #y9"ord for the management andengineering practices used to achiee it.

Contents

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• 0he term Six Sigma originated froy deote %CC; of their time to Six Sigma. 0hey assist

4hampions and guide 5lack 5elts and reen 5elts. :part from statistical tasks, theyspend their time on ensuring consistent application of Six Sigma across arious functionsand departments.

• Black Belts operate under $aster 5lack 5elts to apply Six Sigma methodology to specific

pro7ects. 0hey deote %CC; of their alued time to Six Sigma. 0hey primarily focus onSix Sigma pro7ect execution and special leadership "ith special tasks, "hereas4hampions and $aster 5lack 5elts focus on identifying pro7ects


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0he term 3six sigma process3 comes from the notion that if one has six standard deiations #et"een the process mean and the nearest specification limit, as sho"n in the graph, practicallyno not in citation given items "ill fail to meet specifications. 0his is #ased on the calculation methodemployed in process capa#ility studies .

4apa#ility studies measure the num#er of standard deiations #et"een the process mean and thenearest specification limit in sigma units, represented #y the reek letter M ( sigma ). :s processstandard deiation goes up, or the mean of the process moes a"ay from the center of thetolerance, fe"er standard deiations "ill fit #et"een the mean and the nearest specification limit,decreasing the

1 defectie parts per million opportunities (?>$=). 0his is #ased on the fact that a process thatis normally distri#uted "ill hae /.1 parts per million #eyond a point that is 1. standarddeiations a#oe or #elo" the mean (one9sided capa#ility study). So the /.1 ?>$= of a sixsigma process in fact corresponds to 1. sigma, namely 6 sigma minus the %.9sigma shiftintroduced to account for long9term ariation. 0his allo"s for the fact that special causes may

result in a deterioration in process performance oer time and is designed to preentunderestimation of the defect leels likely to #e encountered in real9life operation.

0he role of the sigma shift is mainly academic. 0he purpose of six sigma is to generateorgani2ational performance improement. !t is up to the organi2ation to determine, #ased oncustomer expectations, "hat the appropriate sigma leel of a process is. 0he purpose of thesigma alue is as a comparatie figure to determine "hether a process is improing,deteriorating, stagnant or non9competitie "ith others in the same #usiness. Six sigma (/.1?>$=)

: control chart depicting a process that experienced a %. sigma drift in the process mean to"ard

the upper specification limit starting at midnight. 4ontrol charts are used to maintain 6 sigmaquality #y signaling "hen quality professionals should inestigate a process to find and eliminatespecial9cause ariation .See also8 0hree sigma rule

0he ta#le*/*1 #elo" gies long9term ?>$= alues corresponding to arious short9term sigmaleels.

!t must #e understood that these figures assume that the process mean "ill shift #y %. sigmato"ard the side "ith the critical specification limitm terminology associated "ith manufacturing ,specifically terms associated "ith statistical modeling of manufacturing processes . 0he maturity

of a manufacturing process can #e descri#ed #y a sigma rating indicating its yield or the percentage of defect9free products it creates. : six sigma process is one in "hich &&.&&&66; ofall opportunities to produce some feature of a part are statistically expected to #e free of defects(/.1 defectie features < million opportunities), although, as discussed #elo" , this defect leelcorresponds to only a 1. sigma leel. $otorola set a goal of 3six sigma3 for all of itsmanufacturing operations, and this goal #ecame a #y9"ord for the management and engineering practices used to achiee it.

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Contents

lity in manufacturing and #usiness processes. !t uses a set of quality management methods,mainly empirical, statistical methods, and creates a special infrastructure of people "ithin theorgani2ation (34hampions3, 35lack 5elts3, 3reen 5elts3, 3ello" 5elts3, etc.) "ho are experts

in these methods. -ach Six Sigma pro7ect carried out "ithin an organi2ation follo"s a definedsequence of steps and has quantified alue targets, for example8 reduce process cycle time,reduce pollution, reduce costs, increase customer satisfaction, and increase profits.

0he term Six Sigma originated from terminology associated "ith manufacturing, specificallyterms associated "ith statistical modeling of manufacturing processes. 0he maturity of amanufacturing process can #e descri#ed #y a sigma rating indicating its yield or the percentageof defect9free products it creates. : six sigma process is one in "hich &&.&&&66; of allopportunities to produce some feature of a part are statistically expected to #e free of defects (/.1defectie features < million opportunities), although, as discussed #elo", this defect leelcorresponds to only a 1. sigma leel. $otorola set a goal of 3six sigma3 for all of its

manufacturing operations, and this goal #ecame a #y9"ord for the management and engineering practices used to achiee it.

Contents

• % ?octrine

• * $ethodologies

o *.% ?$:!4

o *.* ?$:?G or ?FSS

o *./ Kuality management tools and methods

• / !mplementation roles

o /.% 4ertification

• 1 -tymology of 3six sigma process3

• Role of the %. sigma shift

o .% Sigma leels

• 6 Soft"are

• B :pplication

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• ' 4riticism

o '.% ack of originality

o '.* Role of consultants

o './ >otential negatie effects

'./.% =er9reliance on statistical tools

'./.* Stifling creatiity in research enironments

o '.1 ack of systematic documentation

o '. %. sigma shift

• & See also

• %C References

• %% Further reading

Doctrine

Six Sigma doctrine asserts8

• 4ontinuous efforts to achiee sta#le and predicta#le process results (i.e., reduce process

ariation) are of ital importance to #usiness success.

• $anufacturing and #usiness processes hae characteristics that can #e measured,

analy2ed, controlled and improed.

• :chieing sustained quality improement requires commitment from the entire

organi2ation, particularly from top9leel management.

Features that set Six Sigma apart from preious quality improement initiaties include8

• : clear focus on achieing measura#le and quantifia#le financial returns from any Six

Sigma pro7ect.

• :n increased emphasis on strong and passionate management leadership and support.

• : clear

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, Six Sigma utili2es many esta#lished quality9management tools that are also used outside SixSigma. 0he follo"ing ta#le sho"s an oerie" of the main methods used.

• Whys

• Statistical and fitting tools

o :nalysis of ariance

o eneral linear model

o :H=G: auge RNR

o Regression analysis

o 4orrelation

o Scatter diagram

o 4hi9squared test

• :xiomatic design

• 5usiness >rocess $apping


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• Root cause analysis

• S!>=4 analysis (Suppliers, Inputs, Process, Outputs, Customers)

• 4=>!S analysis (4ustomer centric ersion=4)

• 0aguchi methodsrior to Six Sigma, quality management in practice "as largely relegatedto the production floor and to statisticians in a separate quality department. Formal Six Sigma

programs adopt a kind of elite ranking terminology (similar to some martial arts systems, likeOung9Fu and +udo) to define a hierarchy (and special career path) that includes all #usinessfunctions and leels.

Six Sigma identifies seeral key roles for its successful implementation.%1

• Executive Leadership includes the 4-= and other mem#ers of top management. 0hey are

responsi#le for setting up a ision for Six Sigma implementation. 0hey also empo"er theother role holders "ith the freedom and resources to explore ne" ideas for #reakthroughimproements #y transcending departmental #arriers and oercoming inherent resistanceto change.%

• Champions take responsi#ility for Six Sigma implementation across the organi2ation in

an integrated manner. 0he -xecutie eadership dra"s them from upper management.4hampions also act as mentors to 5lack 5elts.

• aster Black Belts, identified #y 4hampions, act as in9house coaches on Six Sigma.

0hey deote %CC; of their time to Six Sigma. 0hey assist 4hampions and guide 5lack5elts and reen 5elts. :part from statistical tasks, they spend their time on ensuringconsistent application of Six Sigma across arious functions and departments.

• Black Belts operate under $aster 5lack 5elts to apply Six Sigma methodology to specific

pro7ects. 0hey deote %CC; of their alued time to Six Sigma. 0hey primarily focus onSix Sigma pro7ect execution and special leadership "ith special tasks, "hereas4hampions and $aster 5lack 5elts focus on identifying pro7ects


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Special training is needed%6 for all of these practitioners to ensure that they follo" themethodology and use the data9drien approach correctly. 0his training is ery importantcitationneeded .

Some organi2ations use additional #elt colours, such as Yellow Belts, for employees that hae

#asic training in Six Sigma tools and generally participate in pro7ects and 3White #elts3 for thoselocally trained in the concepts #ut do not participate in the pro7ect team. 3=range #elts3 are alsomentioned to #e used for special cases.%B

Certification

$ain article8 ist of Six Sigma certification organi2ations

eneral -lectric and $otorola deeloped certification programs as part of their Six Sigmaimplementation, erifying indiiduals@ command of the Six Sigma methods at the releant skillleel (reen 5elt, 5lack 5elt etc.). Follo"ing this approach, many organi2ations in the %&&Cs

started offering Six Sigma certifications to their employees.&%'

4riteria for reen 5elt and5lack 5elt certification aryL some companies simply require participation in a course and a SixSigma pro7ect.%' 0here is no standard certification #ody, and different certification serices areoffered #y arious quality associations and other proiders against a fee. %&*C 0he :mericanSociety for Kuality for example requires 5lack 5elt applicants to pass a "ritten exam and to proide a signed affidait stating that they hae completed t"o pro7ects or one pro7ect com#ined"ith three years@ practical experience in the #ody of kno"ledge.%'*%

Etymology of "six sigma process"

0he term 3six sigma process3 comes from the notion that if one has six standard deiations

#et"een the process mean and the nearest specification limit, as sho"n in the graph, practicallynonot in citation given items "ill fail to meet specifications. 0his is #ased on the calculation methodemployed in process capa#ility studies.

4apa#ility studies measure the num#er of standard deiations #et"een the process mean and thenearest specification limit in sigma units, represented #y the reek letter M (sigma). :s processstandard deiation goes up, or the mean of the process moes a"ay from the center of thetolerance, fe"er standard deiations "ill fit #et"een the mean and the nearest specification limit,decreasing the

1 defectie parts per million opportunities (?>$=). 0his is #ased on the fact that a process that

is normally distri#uted "ill hae /.1 parts per million #eyond a point that is 1. standarddeiations a#oe or #elo" the mean (one9sided capa#ility study). So the /.1 ?>$= of a sixsigma process in fact corresponds to 1. sigma, namely 6 sigma minus the %.9sigma shiftintroduced to account for long9term ariation. 0his allo"s for the fact that special causes mayresult in a deterioration in process performance oer time and is designed to preentunderestimation of the defect leels likely to #e encountered in real9life operation.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-16https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-16https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-HarryMann2011-17https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Six_Sigma_certification_organizationshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-juran-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-KellerKeller2010-18https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-KellerKeller2010-18https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-WebberWallace2006-19https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-CoryeaCordy2006-20https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_for_Qualityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_for_Qualityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-KellerKeller2010-18https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-asq-21https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-Tennant-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_capabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_capabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defects_per_million_opportunitieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distributionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-Tennant-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-Tennant-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-Tennant-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-16https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-HarryMann2011-17https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Six_Sigma_certification_organizationshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-juran-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-KellerKeller2010-18https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-KellerKeller2010-18https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-WebberWallace2006-19https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-CoryeaCordy2006-20https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_for_Qualityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_for_Qualityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-KellerKeller2010-18https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-asq-21https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-Tennant-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_capabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defects_per_million_opportunitieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distributionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-Tennant-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-Tennant-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-Tennant-5


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0he role of the sigma shift is mainly academic. 0he purpose of six sigma is to generateorgani2ational performance improement. !t is up to the organi2ation to determine, #ased oncustomer expectations, "hat the appropriate sigma leel of a process is. 0he purpose of thesigma alue is as a comparatie figure to determine "hether a process is improing,deteriorating, stagnant or non9competitie "ith others in the same #usiness. Six sigma (/.1

?>$=)

: control chart depicting a process that experienced a %. sigma drift in the process mean to"ardthe upper specification limit starting at midnight. 4ontrol charts are used to maintain 6 sigmaquality #y signaling "hen quality professionals should inestigate a process to find and eliminatespecial9cause ariation.See also8 0hree sigma rule

0he ta#le*/*1 #elo" gies long9term ?>$= alues corresponding to arious short9term sigmaleels.

!t must #e understood that these figures assume that the process mean "ill shift #y %. sigmato"ard the side "ith the critical specification limit. !n other "ords, they assume that after theinitial study determining the short9term sigma leel, the long9term 4 pk alue "ill turn out to #eC. less than the short9term 4 pk alue. So, for example, the ?>$= figure gien for % sigmaassumes that the long9term process mean "ill #e C. sigma !eyond the specification limit (4 pk P QC.%B), rather than % sigma within it, as it "as in the short9term study (4 pk P C.//). Hote that thedefect percentages indicate only defects exceeding the specification limit to "hich the processmean is nearest. ?efects #eyond the far specification limit are not included in the percentages.

Sigma

leel

Sigma !ith

#$%& shift'DPMO

Percent

defectie

Percentage

yield

Short(term

Cp)

*ong(term

Cp)

% 9C. 6&%,16* 6&; /%; C.// QC.%B* C. /C',/' /%; 6&; C.6B C.%B

/ %. 66,'CB 6.B; &/./; %.CC C.

1 *. 6,*%C C.6*; &&./'; %.// C.'/

/. *// C.C*/; &&.&BB; %.6B %.%B

+ ,$% -$, .$...-,/ 00$000++/ 1$.. #$%

B . C.C%& C.CCCCC%&; &&.&&&&&'%; *.// %.'/

Softare

$ain article8 ist of Six Sigma soft"are packages

2pplication

$ain article8 ist of Six Sigma companies

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Six Sigma mostly finds application in large organi2ations.* :n important factor in the spread ofSix Sigma "as -@s %&&' announcement of D/C million in saings thanks to Six Sigma, afigure that later gre" to more than D% #illion.* :ccording to industry consultants like 0homas>y2dek and +ohn Oullmann, companies "ith fe"er than CC employees are less suited to SixSigma implementation or need to adapt the standard approach to make it "ork for them.* Six

Sigma ho"eer contains a large num#er of tools and techniques that "ork "ell in small to mid9si2e organi2ations. 0he fact that an organi2ation is not #ig enough to #e a#le to afford 5lack5elts does not diminish its a#ilities to make improements using this set of tools and techniques.0he infrastructure descri#ed as necessary to support Six Sigma is a result of the si2e of theorgani2ation rather than a requirement of Six Sigma itself.*

Criticism

*ac) of originality

Hoted quality expert +oseph $. +uran has descri#ed Six Sigma as 3a #asic ersion of quality

improement3, stating that 3there is nothing ne0he term Six Sigma originated from terminologyassociated "ith manufacturing, specifically terms associated "ith statistical modeling ofmanufacturing processes. 0he maturity of a manufacturing process can #e descri#ed #y a sigmarating indicating its yield or the percentage of defect9free products it creates. : six sigma processis one in "hich &&.&&&66; of all opportunities to produce some feature of a part are statisticallyexpected to #e free of defects (/.1 defectie features < million opportunities), although, asdiscussed #elo", this defect leel co

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected from SigmaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Six sigma)For other uses, see Sigma 6. Six Sigma is a set of techniques and tools for process improement.!t "as deeloped #y $otorola in %&'6.%* +ack Welch made it central to his #usiness strategy ateneral -lectric in %&&./ 0oday, it is used in many industrial sectors.1

Six Sigma seeks to improe the quality output of process #y identifying and remoing the causesof defects (errors) and minimi2ing aria#iempirical , statistical methods , and creates a specialinfrastructure of people "ithin the organi2ation (34hampions3, 35lack 5elts3, 3reen 5elts3,

3ello" 5elts3, etc.) "ho are experts in these methods. -ach Six Sigma pro7ect carried out"ithin an organi2ation follo"s a defined sequence of steps and has quantified alue targets, forexample8 reduce process cycle time, reduce pollution, reduce costs, increase customersatisfaction, and increase profits.

0he term Six Sigma originated from terminology associated "ith manufacturing , specificallyterms associated "ith statistical modeling of manufacturing processes . 0he maturity of amanufacturing process can #e descri#ed #y a sigma rating indicating its yield or the percentage

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-QD-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-QD-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-QD-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-QD-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_M._Juranhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_capabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#Role_of_the_1.5_sigma_shifthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#Role_of_the_1.5_sigma_shifthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#Role_of_the_1.5_sigma_shifthttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six_sigma&redirect=nohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma_6_(disambiguation)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorolahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-ssorigin-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-Tennant6-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Welchhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Welchhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electrichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electrichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-sshxpqa-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-SAFARI-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-QD-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-QD-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-QD-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-QD-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_M._Juranhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_capabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#Role_of_the_1.5_sigma_shifthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#Role_of_the_1.5_sigma_shifthttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six_sigma&redirect=nohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma_6_(disambiguation)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorolahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-ssorigin-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-Tennant6-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Welchhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electrichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-sshxpqa-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#cite_note-SAFARI-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersion


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of defect9free products it creates. : six sigma process is one in "hich &&.&&&66; of allopportunities to produce some feature of a part are statistically expected to #e free of defects (/.1defectie features < million opportunities), although, as discussed #elo" , this defect leelcorresponds to only a 1. sigma leel. $otorola set a goal of 3six sigma3 for all of itsmanufacturing operations, and this goal #ecame a #y9"ord for the management and engineering


Contents


0he term Six Sigma originated from terminology associated "ith manufacturing , specifically

terms associated "ith statistical modeling of manufacturing processes . 0he maturity of amanufacturing process can #e descri#ed #y a sigma rating indicating its yield or the percentageof defect9free products it creates. : six sigma process is one in "hich &&.&&&66; of allopportunities to produce some feature of a part are statistically expected to #e free of defects (/.1defectie features < million opportunities), although, as discussed #elo" , this defect leelcorresponds to only a 1. sigma leel. $otorola set a goal of 3six sigma3 for all of itsmanufacturing operations, and this goal #ecame a #y9"ord for the management and engineering practices used to achiee it.

Contents


0he term Six Sigma originated from terminology associated "ith manufacturing , specificallyterms associated "ith statistical modeling of manufacturing processes . 0he maturity of amanufacturing process can #e descri#ed #y a sigma rating indicating its yield or the percentageof defect9free products it creates. : six sigma process is one in "hich &&.&&&66; of all

opportunities to produce some feature of a part are statistically expected to #e free of defects (/.1defectie features < million opportunities), although, as discussed #elo" , this defect leelcorresponds to only a 1. sigma leel. $otorola set a goal of 3six sigma3 for all of itsmanufacturing operations, and this goal #ecame a #y9"ord for the management and engineering practices used to achiee it.

Contents

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Contents



of defect9free products it creates. : six sigma process is one in "hich &&.&&&66; of allopportunities to produce some feature of a part are statistically expected to #e free of defects (/.1defectie features < million opportunities), although, as discussed #elo" , this defect leelcorresponds to only a 1. sigma leel. $otorola set a goal of 3six sigma3 for all of itsmanufacturing operations, and this goal #ecame a #y9"ord for the management and engineering practices used to achiee it.

Contents

empirical , statistical methods , and creates a special infrastructure of people "ithin the

organi2ation (34hampions3, 35lack 5elts3, 3reen 5elts3, 3ello" 5elts3, etc.) "ho are expertsin these methods. -ach Six Sigma pro7ect carried out "ithin an organi2ation follo"s a definedsequence of steps and has quantified alue targets, for example8 reduce process cycle time,reduce pollution, reduce costs, increase customer satisfaction, and increase profits.


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersion


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of defect9free products it creates. : six sigma process is one in "hich &&.&&&66; of allopportunities to produce some feature of a part are statistically expected to #e free of defects (/.1defectie features < million opportunities), although, as discussed #elo" , this defect leelcorresponds to only a 1. sigma leel. $otorola set a goal of 3six sigma3 for all of itsmanufacturing operations, and this goal #ecame a #y9"ord for the management and engineering


Contents

empirical , statistical methods , and creates a special infrastructure of people "ithin theorgani2ation (34hampions3, 35lack 5elts3, 3reen 5elts3, 3ello" 5elts3, etc.) "ho are expertsin these methods. -ach Six Sigma pro7ect carried out "ithin an organi2ation follo"s a definedsequence of steps and has quantified alue targets, for example8 reduce process cycle time,reduce

four ragma

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