four-stroke engine basics cars trucks semis tractors airplanes motorcycles lawnmowers
TRANSCRIPT
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Four-Stroke Engine Basics
• Cars• Trucks• Semis• Tractors• Airplanes • Motorcycles • Lawnmowers
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The Basics
• A four-stroke engine:– Is an internal combustion engine– Converts gasoline into motion– Is the most common car engine type– Is relatively efficient 20% – 4 piston strokes per cycle– 2 crankshaft revolutions per cycle
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Basic ComponentsIntake Valve
Valve Cover
Intake Port
Head
Coolant
Engine Block
Oil PanOil Sump
Crankshaft
Camshaft
Exhaust Valve
Spark Plug
Exhaust Port
Piston
Connecting Rod
Rod Bearings
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The 4-Stroke Cycle
• 1. • 2. • 3. • 4.
Intake
Compression
Combustion
Exhaust
Back Next
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Intakeprocess of filling the cylinder with the proper air-fuel mixture through the intake valve.
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Compression the process of compressing the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder to make it more combustible
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Combustionthe process of igniting the compressed air-fuel mixture to create motion and the over all power of the engine.
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Exhaustthe process of releasing the exhaust out of the cylinder through the exhaust valve.
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How Stuff Works Animation
• http://auto.howstuffworks.com/engine1.htm
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• Engine Block- cast in one piece. The basis for most of the parts of the engine.
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• Valve Cover- Protects the valves and the valve springs. Keeps dirt out and lubricating oil in.
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• Head- a platform containing most of the parts of the combustion chamber.
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• Intake Valve- opens at the proper time to let in air and fuel.
• Intake Port- the passageway in a cylinder head for the fuel and air to pass through.
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Exhaust Valve- open at the proper time to release the exhaust
Exhaust Port- the passageway in a cylinder head, for the exhaust to pass through
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Valve Guide• Controls the position of the valves
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Lubrication
• Oil Pan where the oil is collected and recirculated primarily for lubricating the crankshaft and rod bearing
• Oil Sump where the oil is stored for lubrication
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Camshaft- a round shaft with lobes, that rotates to open and close the fuel and exhaust valves.
Aligned with crankshaft gear for proper timing
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Spark Pluga device, inserted into the combustion chamber for firing an electrical spark to ignite air-fuel mixture
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Cylinder
• Three types– Cast aluminum– Cast aluminum with cast
iron sleeve– Cast iron
• Usually use a cross-hatch finish to improves ring lubrication
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Pistonthe part of the engine that moves up and down in the cylinder converting the gasoline into motion
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• Piston Rings-Keep tight seal against cylinder wall
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Ring Grooves• Ring grooves are machined
grooves in the piston designed to hold the rings.
• Ring lands are the areas of the piston between the ring grooves.
• The clearance between the rings and the ring lands is critical.
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Connecting Rod- links the piston to the crankshaft.Rod Bearing- used to reduce friction to the rod and crankshaft
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Crankshaft- converts the up and down (linear) motion of the piston into a turning, or rotating motion
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Crankcase Breather• Maintains pressure in the
crankcase at less than ambient pressure to assist in the control of oil consumption.
• Excessive blow by renders the breather useless.
• Old engines vent to the atmosphere.
• New engines vent to the carburetor.
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Application
• Now that you understand the basics of four-stroke engines, how can you use this information in the real world?
Back Quiz
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• Lets take a quiz to see what you have learned!
Back Quiz
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1. The ____ controls the amount of intake and the release of exhaust.
a. headb. valvesc. coolantd. connecting rod
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2. The _____ Cycle is the ignition of the compressed fuel-air mixture.
a. Exhaustb. Combustionc. Compressiond. Intake
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3. The most common type of engine?a. diesel enginesb. 2-stroke enginesc. rotary enginesd. 4-stroke engines
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4. What part of the engine converts up and down motion into a rotation motion?
a. crankshaftb. pistonc. valve coverd. camshaft
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5. What is the name of the part listed?
a. intake valveb. piston c. oil pand. spark plug
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• Congratulations! That is the end of your quiz, and the end of your lesson on four-stroke engines.
Next
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Four Stroke Chart Stroke Piston Movement Intake Valve Exhaust Valve
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Compare & Contrast 2 & 4 Cycle Engines