fp questions and answers

8/3/2019 Fp Questions and Answers

1/22

. What type of electrically powered industrial truck can be used in Class 1, Division 1, Group D locations?

A. Type EX

B. Type ES

C. Type EE

D. Type E

2. What is the minimum acceptable flow at the base of a riser including hose streams, ordinarily acceptable for pipe schedule sprinkler systems requir

A. 100 GPM

B. 850 GPMC. 700 GPM

D. 500 GPM

3. The pressure produced by a column of water 1 foot high is:

A. 0.433 psi

B. 2.31 psi

C.14.7 psi

D. 29.9 psi

4. The total head of a fire pump is:

A. the energy imparted to the liquid as it passes through the pump

B. psi rating as the liquid passes through the pipe

C. the energy imparted to the liquid as it passes through the orifice

D. the static pressure of water at the intake of the pump

5. Proper exit design permits everyone to leave the fire endangered area:

A. without fear of loss of life

B. prior to an untenable atmosphereC. in the shortest travel distance

D. in the shortest possible time

6. The life safety code included the term "Exit" in an overall definition of means of egress. A means of egress is a continuous path of travel from any p

A. Access to the exit, lighting, signage

B. Access to the exit, floor construction, door swing

C. Access to the exit, the exit, and area outside the building

D. Access to the exit, the exit, and the exit discharge

7. In Type II, (111) construction, columns supporting more than one floor are required to have a fire resistance rating of:

A. 0 hour

B. 3/4 hour

C. 1 hour

D. 3 hours

8. The intensity of the illumination of means of egress should be not less than?

A. 1 foot candle measured at the floor

B. 1 foot candle measured 3' above the floorC. 3 foot candles measured at the floor

D. 3 foot candles measured 3' above the floor

9. An oxygen enriched atmosphere is defined as any atmosphere in which the concentration of oxygen exceeds 21% by volume or the partial pressur

A. 1.6 psi

B. 16 KpA

C. 16 Atmospheres

D. 160 TORR

10. Water is most effective and most commonly used for which of the following type of fire?

A. Class A-ordinary combustibles

B. Class B-flammable and combustible liquids

C. Class C-electrical

D. Class D-combustible metals

11. Which of the following is NOT a basic method for heating gravity tank water?


2/22

A. Direct discharge of steam into water

B. Gravity circulation of hot water

C. Steam coils inside tanks

D. Warm air in internal jacket

12. An important limitation to consider when using pressure tanks in automatic sprinkler protection is the:

A. small volume of water storedB. dependence upon outside power sources to maintain pressure

C. lack of training of fire department personnel

D. inadequate pipe sizing

13. Which one of the following principles is used to determine the necessary exit width?

A. Design and application

B. Flow and capacity

C. Width and movement

D. Construction and design

14. As a type of automatic fire detection device, heat detectors are the:

A. oldest

B. newest

C. most reliable

D. least reliable

15. The first principle of good storage practice for chemicals is:

A. limiting quantity

B. segregationC. containment

D. concentration

Answer key(updated 4/25/03)

1. A 7. C 13. B

2. B 8. A 14. A

3. A 9. D 15. B

4. A 10. A

5. D 11. D

6. D 12. A


3/22


4/22

What causes corrosion in fire sprinkler systems?

Wet and dry fire sprinkler systems are primarily composed of metal pipe, water and trapped or compressed air. Any environment which

has oxygen, metal and untreated water in prolonged contact with each other is subject to corrosion (e.g. rust). Bacteria and other

corrosion mechanisms can accelerate and concentrate previously occurring corrosion in fire sprinkler systems.

What is microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC)?

Microbiologically influenced corrosion or MIC, is an electrochemical process which involves bacteria that can accelerate previously

occurring corrosion in both wet and dry pipe fire sprinkler systems. MIC always involves bacteria but MIC never occurs by itself.

What causes pinhole leaks in fire sprinkler systems?

Pinhole leaks can be caused by a variety of corrosion mechanisms. Though mostly attributed to microbiologically influenced corrosion

(MIC) in fire sprinkler systems, pinhole leaks can also be a result of oxygen differential cell or under deposit corrosion.

Why have I not heard about microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) before?

Many other industries (e.g. transportation, utilities) have been aware of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) for decades. These

industries have spent millions of dollars developing products and methods to control corrosion in their systems including MIC. The fire

protection industry has recently begun exploring corrosions adverse effect on fire sprinkler systems.

Why is microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) becoming a problem now?

Corrosion may have always been an issue in fire sprinkler systems but due to lack of knowledge, fire sprinkler system corrosion

mechanisms may have been overlooked and misdiagnosed as bad water or bad pipe. Additionally, more commercial space requires

sprinklers now than ever before. More sprinklers mean more sprinkler piping with the potential to fail. Finally, fire sprinkler pipe wall

thickness has been reduced over the past 10 to 15 years due to the introduction of engineered or thin wall pipe. With a thinner wall pipe,there is less pipe wall to penetrate if a fire sprinkler system does develop a preferred environment for corrosion.

Where does microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) occur in fire sprinkler system?

Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) can occur anywhere in a fire sprinkler system which provides an environment favorable to

bacteria colonization. Bacteria must obtain food (eat), mature (grow), exchange gases (breath), excrete (dispose of waste) and reproduce

What are the warning signs that I have microbiologically influenced corrosion or MIC?

Obviously leaks and obstructions would be potential indicators of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) or other fire sprinkler

system corrosion problems. However, discolored or foul smelling water along with evidence of tubercles and/or deposits on the interior of

a fire sprinkler pipe wall are also indications of corrosion activity.

Where can I learn more about microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC)?

There is an extensive amount of published independent research on microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) and other forms of

corrosion. However, a limited amount of the research pertains to MIC in fire sprinkler systems. Information about controlling MIC in other

systems (e.g. cooling towers, pipelines) may not be directly applicable to controlling MIC in fire sprinkler systems. Additionally, since MIC

is a secondary source of corrosion in fire sprinkler systems, other corrosion mechanisms (e.g. oxygen differential cell, under deposit)

What should I do if I suspect I have microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) in my fire sprinkler system?

Conducting a thorough fire sprinkler system corrosion assessment is the best way to determine what type of corrosion activity is present

in a fire sprinkler system including MIC.

What is a fire sprinkler system assessment?

A fire sprinkler system assessment may consist of testing a fire sprinkler systems water and makeup water source; removing sections of

the fire sprinkler systems piping for laboratory analysis; and/or performing video scoping or ultrasound scanning to determine the extentof a fire sprinkler systems corrosion activity. Ideally, assessment participants (owners or contacting firms) would possess familiarity with

the systems design and layout as well as knowledge of the systems maintenance history, including past incidents of corrosion activity.

Who should conduct a fire sprinkler system corrosion assessment?

A thorough fire sprinkler system corrosion assessment requires the proper sampling and scanning equipment as well as access to

professional laboratory analysis methods and techniques. Engaging a professional consulting firm to provide direction and supervision to

an owner and contracting company is the most cost effective approach to fire sprinkler system corrosion assessments.

Who can I contact for a fire sprinkler system corrosion assessment?

fpsCMI provides complete fire sprinkler system corrosion assessment services. fpsCMI partners with building owners and contracting

firms to determine which corrosion mechanisms are present in a fire sprinkler system as well as provides remediation recommendations toinhibit further corrosion damage.

Which fire sprinkler corrosion management solution is the best?


5/22

Controlling corrosion, including microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) in a fire sprinkler system requires a combination of corrosion

management products and services. Selecting fire sprinkler corrosion management products from a reputable manufacturer and

partnering with a corrosion consulting firm that has extensive knowledge and experience of fire sprinkler systems saves time and money.

Engineered Corrosion Solutions manufactures a suite of corrosion management products specifically designed for fire sprinkler systems.

fpsCMI has over 30 years of fire protection industry experience and offers a comprehensive corrosion management program for both new

and existing fire sprinkler systems.

What is a fire sprinkler system water test?

A fire sprinkler system water test analyzes water collected from a fire sprinkler system and/or from the systems make-up water supply.

Laboratory tests are conducted on the water samples inorganic (chemical) and/or organic (biological) content. Laboratory water test

results should report on the potential corrosion indicators present in the water sample. Specific water tests can measure a samples

various chemical parameters such as Iron, pH, sediment, etc., as well as report on the presence of bacteria that may potentially lead to

microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC).

Who should perform fire sprinkler system water testing?

A qualified water testing laboratory should perform all fire sprinkler water sample analysis. Accurate water test results require scientific

sampling, testing, evaluation, presentation and interpretation. Owners, contractors, underwriters and design professionals may depend on

the accuracy of the water testing results. fpsCMI works only with independent qualified water testing laboratories to insure the most

accurate fire sprinkler water testing results possible.


6/22

) Portable Fire Extinguishers:

1. I always hear about the "ABC's" of fire. What exactly is that?

This refers to the three classes of common fires as defined by NFPA:

Class "A" is the classification for common solid combustible fires such as rubbish, paper, boxes, wood, plastics

etc. which can be found in homes and commercial establishments.

Class "B" involves flammable liquids such as solvents, oil, paint and gasoline as examples. These type of firesburn hot and spread rapidly.

Class "C" fires are electrical in nature and could be energized appliances, data equipment and motors. These fires

are usually difficult to reach.

2. I see a lot of fire extinguishers with "ABC" on their labels; does this mean they can extinguish

these 3 classes of fires?Yes but the hazard you wish to protect should be taken into consideration. Since ABC extinguisher contents are

dry chemical, if used on an electrical fire such as a computer the fire might be extinguished but the nature of the

dry chemical will corrode sensitive electrical components. There are many types of fire extinguishers designed for

specific hazards.

3. So are A, B and C the only types of fire classifications?No, there are two other specialty classes:

Class D fires involve combustible metals such as magnesium, titanium, potassium and sodium which react

violently when introduced to water or other chemicals.

The other is Class K. NFPA 10 defines Class K fires as fires in cooking appliances that involve combustible

cooking media such as animal fats and vegetable oils. This class was created because cooking appliances have

become more efficient. Modern cooking appliances such as deep fryers have heavily insulated fry pots so that the

cooking oils stay hotter for longer periods of time. Industry testing proved that standard dry chemical agents were

unable to effectively extinguish fires in the newer cooking appliances.

As a result Class K Fire Extinguishers were introduced. They are a "wet" chemical fire extinguisher and are now

required by NFPA in commercial kitchens. With a main ingredient of potassium acetate, a low PH agent, these

extinguishers are engineered to for a "soft" discharge to smother the surface fire and prevent hot cooking oils from

splashin , thus spreadin the fire.

To learn more about the proper extinguisher for your property, contact your Interstate Fire Protection professional.

II) Kitchen Suppression Systems:

1. What is UL-300?UL-300 is the standard for the Testing of Fire Extinguishing Systems for Protection of Restaurant Cooking Areas

effective since November 21, 1994. Since that date, all restaurant fire suppression systems manufactured must

comply with UL-300 in order to be listed.

2. How do I know if my kitchen fire suppression system meets with UL-300 requirements?Indicators that show your system may be pre-UL-300 may include some of the following:

No UL-300 sticker or label on system cylinder(s)

System was installed before November 21, 1994

Dry Chemical, water or CO2 used as the suppressant agent

Nozzles are larger than 2 in diameter (dry chem nozzles are larger than 2)System uses a single nozzle to protect more than one appliance

3. How often should my kitchen suppression system be inspected?Systems are required to be inspected semi-annually.

4. What are fusible links?They are temperature sensitive fire protection devices designed to activate the suppression system when the

temperature exceeds a certain ambient temperature.

5. How often do fusible links need to be replaced?Semi-annually

III) Clean Agent Suppression Systems:1. Where are clean agent systems most commonly used?These systems are installed in areas where water or dry chemical would do irreparable harm to sensitive

equipment or materials such as those found in computer rooms, clean rooms, telephone switch rooms and art and

historical rooms. These systems are found in areas where the original clean agent system halon used to be

installed.

2. Are Halon Systems banned?


7/22

Because the chemical make-up of the halon agent contains ozone depleting substances, new halon systems can

no longer be installed and most existing halon systems cannot be modified. Should your halon system discharge,

the system can be refilled with reclaimed (used) halon. As time goes by and there is less reclaimed halon agent

available, the cost of this gas will be prohibitive.

3. What are clean agent alternatives to halon?There are a variety of agents that are both people and environmentally friendly such as FM-200, Inerting systems

such as Inergen and Pro-Inert, Ecaro and NOVEC 1230. To learn more about each of these agents, please go to

our Resource Library- Engineering Specifications page. Feel free to contact Interstate Fire Protection to ensure

ou have all of our questions answered.

4. Is carbon dioxide considered a clean agent?Yes, but it is important to remember that CO2 fights fire by taking oxygen out of the air, these systems should only

be used in unoccupied areas.

IV) Special Hazard Systems:1. What other types of hazards do automatic suppression systems protect?There are a variety of systems in the market place engineered for specific hazards from Foam Systems to Gas Island

Suppression Systems to Marine Systems to Vehicle Systems to Paint Spray Booth Systems to Water Mist Systems, we have

solutions to your fire protection problems. Contact your Interstate Fire Protection professional for the answers to your

questions.


8/22

1. How does a DuPont FM-200 system work?

DuPont FM-200 extinguishes fires through a combination of chemical and physical mechanisms. A typical design concentration of

7% v/v provides the required amount of gas to extinguish the flame.

2. Who uses DuPont FM-200 systems?

DuPont FM-200 systems are a trusted choice for waterless fire protection. Our customers are businesses, governments,

universities, hospitals, and museums around the world with valuable assets to protect against fire. Over 100,000 systems are

installed in over 70 countries. Applications range from computer and electronic suites to military vehicles. From the largest Fortune

500 companies to small art museums: all rely on DuPont FM-200 systems for fast, effective, and safe fire protection.

3. How are DuPont FM-200 systems designed?

DuPont FM-200 is stored as a liquid in pressurized cylinders. When discharged, the liquid flows through a piping network into the

protected area, where it vaporizes. The amount of gas delivered from each nozzle is carefully calculated to deliver the proper

amount of FM-200 to each protected area.

4. Does the ban on HCFCs affect DuPont FM-200?

In a word, no. DuPont FM-200 belongs to the class of compounds called HFCs, or hydrofluorocarbons, which were actually

introduced to facilitate the phaseout of ozone depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and

bromine-containing fluorocarbons (Halons).

5. How will the Kyoto Protocol affect DuPont FM-200 systems?

The Kyoto Protocol concerns itself solely with emissions reduction. The Kyoto Protocol is an effort by the developed nations of the

world to find a way to define a baseline and ultimately reduce emissions of substances that contribute to global climate warming. It

makes no reference to a ban on the use of any HFCs, whether in fire protection or other uses.

6. How do I know DuPont FM-200 will be available in the future?

There is currently no movement to ban DuPont FM-200 or any threat to do so. Remember, FM-200 was created in response to

the need for a clean gaseous fire suppressant to replace ozone-depleting Halon 1301 systems. It is thoroughly tested, meeting

rigorous American and international standards. It is also the only HFC product approved for fire protection in Germany, a countryknown for its tough environmental standards.

7. Are there any countries where DuPont FM-200 cannot be used?

There are no overall or outright bans on DuPont FM-200 anywhere. However, there are a few notable exceptions where certain

countries have created barriers limiting the ability to sell DuPont FM-200 fire protection systems.

Denmark has a general ban on all chemical extinguishants dating back to 1977, over a decade before FM-200 was invented. Iceland,

which enjoys close ties with Denmark, has adopted a similar position. The Swiss government has stated that HFCs such as FM-200

can be used in cases where the safety of persons in aircraft, special army vehicles, and atomic installations could not otherwise be

adequately assured.

8. How can I be sure that DuPont FM-200 is safe for people?

Exhaustive testing has been conducted to assess the safety of FM-200, giving it the most comprehensive toxicity database of any

clean agent. In fact, FM-200 is so safe that it is used as a propellant in pharmaceutical inhalers that dispense asthma medications.

FM-200 is a single, pure compound; there is no active ingredient in FM-200.

9. Is thermal decomposition a problem with DuPont FM-200?

The vast majority (>95%) of applications of FM-200 involve the protection of Class A hazards. Extensive testing shows that the levels

of HF produced in extinguishing typical Class A fires are well below hazardous levels based on the dangerous toxic load (DTL) of HF.

Moreover, these levels present no threat to electronics or other sensitive equipment. For fast-growing Class B fires, HF levels may

exceed the human DTL depending upon the size of the fire and the volume of the protected area, and HF levels may also present a

threat to equipment. In most cases this is a moot point, as the temperatures and levels of toxic combustion products such as carbon

monoxide, carbon dioxide, and smoke render the atmosphere toxic and corrosive even before the discharge of FM-200. There is no

such thing as an "ordinary combustible fire." Fires are not combustible, they are undergoing combustion.

10. Isn't DuPont FM-200 a lot more expensive than other options?

Not when you consider the total installed cost of a DuPont FM-200 system is usually only a small fraction of the earnings potential

of the assets being protected. A DuPont FM-200 system takes up to seven times less storage space than other fire suppression

systems. And it's difficult to put a price on safety and peace of mind. DuPont FM-200 systems offer the fastest fire protection

11. Why should I install anything more than a sprinkler system?


9/22

Water sprinklers do offer effective fire protection for buildings and structures. Water sprinklers are designed to control fires, limiting

the spread of the fire and contain it to its original location long enough to allow professional firefighters to respond and extinguish

the fire before a total building loss can occur. Unfortunately, water will also ruin computers, electronics, artwork, and more--the very

things you wanted to protect. By comparison, a DuPont FM-200 system provides fire protection for critical or irreplaceable assets

contained within a structure. It's designed to detect and extinguish fires at their earliest stages to prevent any damage or downtime

from occurring.

12. Is water mist as good as a DuPont FM-200 system?

No. Water mist is not a gas, and will not penetrate all portions of an area like DuPont FM-200 gas will. Extensive testing has

shown that water mist systems perform poorly on small fires and are best suited for the suppression of large fires. Therefore, water

mist is not well suited for small or shielded or obstructed fires, exactly the type of fires most DuPont FM-200 systems are

designed to extinguish. It's also crucial to remember that water is electrically conductive and can be extremely damaging to sensitive

electronic equipment or valuable assets.

13. How can I be sure a DuPont FM-200 system is the right strategy for my application?

If your application is an ordinary combustible, electrical, or flammable liquid fire, then a DuPont FM-200 system is most likely

right for you. The more valuable the assets you wish to protect (including people), the more sense it makes to use a DuPont FM-

200 waterless fire protection system. There are a few instances where a DuPont FM-200 system would not be the right choice

for fire suppression. Applications not appropriate for a DuPont FM-200 system include:

Applications involving chemicals that are capable of self-oxidizing or generating their own oxygen even without the presence of air,

such as gunpowder and cellulose nitrate; or compounds that are very unstable and can spontaneously combust, such as hydrazine

(rocket fuel) and many peroxides. Processing facilities or areas using pure powdered forms of metals. Fires fueled by reactive metals

such as lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, metal hydrides, and the radioactive elements uranium and

plutonium require a different extinguishing strategy. Other applications where questionable chemicals are part of the fire hazard.

14. Can I use DuPont FM-200 on Class C fires?

DuPont FM-200 gas is non-conductive and is suitable for the protection of Class C hazards (hazards involving energized electrical

equipment). Testing has demonstrated the ability of FM-200 to suppress typical Class C fires, for example fires involving electrically

energized cable bundles.

15. Where can I get a quote on a DuPont FM-200 system?

DuPont has teamed up with the top fire protection equipment manufacturers in the world to provide state-of-the-art DuPont FM-

200 waterless fire protection systems. Please contact us to obtain more information on how a DuPont FM-200 system can best

protect your facilities and valuable assets.

16. Is it a requirement to have a sign posted on the entry door of the location protected by FM-200?

DuPont FM-200 systems in the United States are typically installed in accordance with NFPA 2001 Standard for Clean Agent Fire

Extinguishing Systems. Section 4.3.5.5 of the NFPA 2001 (2204 edition) states: 4.3.5.5 Warning and instruction signs at entrances to

and inside protected areas shall be provided. The "shall" designation in the NFPA code is a requirement, not an option.

17. Is FM-200 accepted on the U.S. EPA's SNAP list? I cannot find FM-200 in the Federal register documents.

The U.S. EPA 40 CFR directs the use of substitutes for halon replacement. FM-200 is indeed included in the U.S. EPA SNAP listing ofhalon alternatives. You will find HFC-227ea, the ASHRAE chemical description of the chemical heptafluoropropane, listed as

"acceptable for occupied areas" under the EPA's Significant New Alternatives Program (SNAP). FM-200 is the DuPont brand name

for our HFC-227ea fire extinguishing agent.

18. Are DuPont FM-200 cylinders required to be located outside the room being protected?

DuPont FM-200 cylinders may be placed in or out of the protected space, depending on the needs of the client. Both NFPA 2001,

Clean Agent Standard and ISO 14520 allow the cylinders to be placed within or outside the protected space. It is always a good idea

to keep the cylinders as close to the protected area as possible and remember to account for ease of access for service and

maintenance.


10/22

19. Is your product accepted by SOLAS for marine applications?

Several of our OEM Fire System partners have marine systems that comply with SOLAS 74, under the IMO MSC Circular 848. As a

result, DuPont FM-200 is currently being implemented as an agent of choice for many commercial and military vessels.

20. How often do I have to inspect and test the system?

NFPA 2001, 4-1.1, requires clean agent systems be thoroughly inspected by competent personnel at least annually. Section 4-1.3

requires a semi-annual check of the agent quantity and cylinder pressure.

21. Is there a height limitation in sub-floors protected by DuPont FM-200?

In general, there is no limit to the height of protection in a sub-floor. In fact, if the sub-floor were 3 meters high it would be treated

exactly like a room for purposes of design. Each manufacturer maintains a system listing to a maximum nozzle height. Rooms

exceeding this height are effectively protected using multiple layers of nozzles, each layer remaining within the height limitation.

There are minimum heights for sub-floors to account for the practical installation of nozzles and piping. Limitations on system design

are the responsibility of the specific system manufacturers and their respective listings and approvals. You should contact your

specific system manufacturer for further clarification of the limitations on their particular system.

22. After a discharge is the residual DuPont FM-200 left in the space hazardous to responding fire fighters in protective gear?

Does the gear (which is WMD rated by the manufacturer) need to be taken out of service to be decontaminated?

The key to responding to a post FM-200 discharge is to evaluate the scope and nature of the fire event. If there was no fire event,

the agent can be safely and quickly removed through conventional air handling (turn on the AC, open the doors and windows) and

will pose no danger to the respondents or the employees working in the space. DuPont FM-200 is safe for people to breath at

normal design concentrations.

In the event of a fire, most DuPont FM-200 systems are designed to respond while the fire event is still in the earliest stages and

very small. In a typical electronic computer facility the fires are low energy, slow growth events. Early detection limits the potential

for fire damage and combustion by products. Modern electronics, however, can give off a wide range of noxious byproducts when

burned. For this reason, it is recommended that firefighters employ SCBA when re-entering a space. DuPont FM-200 will generate

some HF as a result of extinguishing the fire.

In general, there is no requirement to decontaminate firefighter gear after responding to an FM-200 event. There will be little or noresidue, other than possible combustion products from the fire, within the protected space. Repeated fire tests have been

performed, without ever decontaminating the fire suits used by the technicians.

23. Is there any post-activation purge/ventilation requirements for your system?

There is no requirement within NFPA 2001 for a dedicated exhaust system when using DuPont FM-200. NFPA requires that the

post-extinguishment atmosphere be ventilated in a safe manner. With most installations, this can be accomplished by simply turning

on the air handling units and allowing enough time to dissipate any smoke in a post-fire event.

Some jurisdictions have implemented additional local requirements concerning ventilation systems. You should check with your

local authorities.

24. Should we install a backup sprinkler system?

DuPont FM-200 systems are usually installed specifically to protect the contents of an enclosure and the ongoing operations ofthe protected space. Sprinkler systems provide structural protection for a facility or building - Tough to burn a brick or mortar. Both

systems can be installed within a given space, but provide very different levels of protection against damage.

25. What are the criteria for sealing up a DuPont FM-200 protected space and how quickly must the door to a linear

accelerator space, for example, close prior to release of the gas?


11/22

Because DuPont FM-200 is a gas, it will flow freely wherever the air goes. This is one feature that makes DuPont FM-200

extremely effective in getting into and around complex structures, finding and extinguishing fires in the deepest recesses. It will,

however, also leak out of the space with equal ease. Generally it is recommended that doors and significant openings be closed prior

to the discharge of the agent. This includes ventilation dampers, windows, and other normal openings. For the integrity of the space,

we recommend performing a room integrity test with a door fan unit. With all of the normal openings closed, the door fan provides

a slight positive and negative pressure to the space and calculates the total cumulative volume of openings. Using this data allows us

to derive a hold time for the agent concentration. Hold time requirements are usually set by the AHJ and most conventional

enclosures look for ten minutes. This ensures thorough extinguishment and minimizes the potential for reflash of the fire.

26. Are there training programs available for DuPont FM-200 that fire departments can receive regarding applications, safety,

and precautions?

We do not have a training program specific to DuPont FM-200 systems, but we can forward information that we have produced.

Materials discuss the use and efficacy of the DuPont FM-200 agent. Contact us for additional information on system components.


12/22

SUBJECT : Rules of thumb for pumps 2-7

If you want to know a pumps capabilities, the rules are simple. Look at the manufacturer's published pump curve. The problem is that you do not

Over the years I've accumulated many of these rules to help me estimate pump performance. Here are a few of them:

PUMP BASICS

How to estimate the shut off head of a pump (inch sizes)

At 1750 rpm. Shut off head = Diameter of the impeller squared

At 3500 rpm. Shut off head = Diameter of the impeller squared x 4

For other speeds you can use the formula : Shut Off Head = D2 x (new rpm / 1750)2

Estimating metric head is a little bit more involved, but it still works:

Measure the shaft in mm. ( as an example: 250mm )

Mark off two places. (2,5)

Square the number. (6,25)

For 1450 rpm, multiply by 3 (18,75)

Add 10 % for the answer in meters. (21 meters )

NOTE: For 3000 rpm, you'd multiply by 12 instead of 3. Although you can estimate shutoff head with these formulas you cannot estimate the p

The pumps best efficiency point (B.E.P.) is between 80% and 85% of the shut off head. At this point there is little to no radial thrust on the impel

The L3/D

4ratio should be below 60 (2.0 in metric) to prevent excessive shaft bending. To calculate it for end suction centrifugal pumps :

L = length of the shaft from the center of the inboard bearing to the center of the impeller (inches or millimeters). Caution: do not use centime

D = diameter of the shaft (under the sleeve) in the stuffing box area (inches or millimeters) Do not use centimeters.Since most shaft materials have a similar modulus of elasticity, changing shaft materials will not prevent shaft bending when you operate off of t

A double suction pump can run with 27% less N.P.S.H. or at a 40% faster speed without cavitating.

If you double the speed of a pump you'll get twice the capacity, four times the head and it will take eight times the horsepower to do it.

A stainless steel shaft has only a small portion of the conductivity of a carbon steel shaft. This is very important when you're pumping at elevate

If you double the speed of a pump you'll get almost four times the shaft whip, wobble or run out and eight times the wear.

Multistage pumps reduce efficiency 2% to 4%.

In many instances, an inducer can lower Net Positive Suction Head Required by as much as 50% .

If you're pumping paper stock, modify the curves for head, capacity, and efficiency as follows:

0.725 for 6% stock

0.825 for 5.5% stock

0.90 for 5%0.94 for 4.5%

0.98 for 4%

1.0 for 3.5% or less

Open impeller clearance settings are determined by the pump manufacturer and normally run between 0.008" and 0.015" (0,2 to 0,5 mm) You l

Wear ring clearances are very similar to impeller clearances, but you lose 1% pump capacity for each 0.001" (0,025 mm) of wear. A typical cleara

Bearing, grease or lip seals have a design life of less than 2000 hours. In a constantly running pump this would be only 83 days. These seals will a

Do not use a vent on the top of the bearing case. At shut down the outside moisture will enter the bearing housing through this vent. Let the m

The axial clearance in a bearing is ten times the radial clearance. This is the reason proper installation is so critical. If the bearing is over compres

The life of bearing oil is directly related to its temperature. The rule of thumb used by the SKF Bearing Company, is that the service life of an oil i

A life of 3 months at 100 C. (212 F.)

A life of 6 months at 90 C. (195 F.)

A life of 12 months at 80 C. ( 176 F.)

These numbers assume that the lubricating oil is not being contaminated by water from one or all of the following sources:

Packing leakage

The water hose used to wash the packing leakage away from the pump area.

Aspiration, as moisture laden air enters the bearing case.

An automobile engine running at 1750 rpm. would cover about 100,000 miles (160,000 kilometers) every 2000 hours (83 days in the life of a cons

APPLICATION

Use Centerline pump designs when the pumping temperature exceeds 200 degrees Fahrenheit (100 C). This design will allow the wet end of th

Try to buy pumps with a Suction Specific Speed (SSS) below 8,500 (10,000 metric) Do not buy pumps with a SSS over 12,000 ( metric 16,500) unl

Do not specify a pump with the largest impeller available . Give yourself an additional 5% or 10% you might need it.

The maximum viscosity a centrifugal pump can handle would be a product similar to 30 weight oil at room temperature.

Use a variable speed pump if your head is mainly system head. Circulating hot or cold water would be typical applications. If you have a high sta

Pumps piped in series must have the same capacity (impeller width and speed)

Pumps piped in parallel must have the same head (impeller diameter and speed )

Use a rotary positive displacement pump if your capacity is going to be less than 20 gpm.(4,5 cubic meters per hour)

A centrifugal pump can handle 0.5% air by volume. At 6% it will probably become air bound and stop pumping. Cavitation can occur with any am

Use double volute pumps any time your impeller diameter is 14 inches (355 mm) or greater. They should also be used on long shaft vertical pum

A Vortex pump is 10% to 15% less efficient than a comparable size end suction centrifugal pump.The A.P.I. (American Petroleum Institute). sixth edition states : High energy pumps, defined as pumping to a head greater than 650 feet (198 me

PIPING ETC..


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T ere s ou e at east 10 iameters o pipe etween t e suction o t e pump an t e irst e ow. T is is especia y critica in ou e en e pu

Substituting a globe valve for a gate valve in a piping system is similar to adding another 100 feet (31 meters) of piping to the system. On the dis

After the pump and motor have been aligned, dowel both the pump and the motor to the base plate. Be sure to dowel only the feet closest to t

Check impeller rotation after installing the pump. Do not assume it will turn in the correct direction. I've heard about two speed pumps with the

Use eccentric reducers rather than concentric reducers at the pump suction. Concentric reducers will trap air. Be sure the eccentric reducer is n

Suction piping should be at least one size larger than the suction flange at the pump.

Vortexing can occur if any of the following conditions are present:

Low liquid levels

Liquid level falling greater than 3 Ft./sec. (1 Meter/ sec.)

There is a large concentration of dissolved gases in the liquid.

High outlet velocities in pipes leaving vessels. Generally greater than 10 feet/sec. (3 meters/sec.)

Liquids near their vapor point.High circulation caused by asymmetrical inlet or outlet conditions.

Inlet piping too close to the wall or bottom of the tank. Consult the Hydraulic Institute Manual or a similar publication for recommended clear

In a mixer, the liquid level must be at least one and one half diameters of the blade, above the blade.

TROUBLESHOOTING

Cavitation damage on the trailing edge of the impeller blade means :

The N.P.S.H. available is too low.

Air is entering at the pump suction.

There is liquid turbulence at the pump suction.

Cavitation damage on the leading edge of the impeller blade indicates internal recirculation. Check the Suction Specific Speed number to see if iCavitation damage just beyond the cutwater, on the casing and tip of the impeller blade, indicates the impeller blade is too close to the cutwate

Water in the bearing oil will reduce bearing life 48%. The water enters from packing leakage, wash down hoses, and aspiration caused by the te

The mass of the pump concrete foundation must be 5 times the mass of the pump, base plate, and other equipment that is being supported, or

Up to 500 horsepower (375 KW), the foundation must be 3 inches (76 mm.) wider than the base plate all around. Above 500 horsepower (375 K

Imaginary lines extended downward 30 degrees to either side of a vertical through the pump shaft, should pass through the bottom of the foun

The bearing oil level should be at the center of the lowest most ball of a stationary bearing. The preferred choice for bearing lubrication would b

Pipe from the pump suction flange to the pipe rack, not the other way around.

Make sure eccentric reducers are not installed upside down at the pump suction. The top of the reducer should go straight into the suction flan

Valve stems, T Branches and elbows should be installed perpendicular to the pump shaft, not at right angles.

Do not use packing in any pump that runs under a vacuum, as air will enter the system through the pump stuffing box.. These applications includ

Pumps that lift liquid.

Pumps that take their suction from a condenser or evaporator.

Any pump that takes its suction from a negative pressure. Heater drain pumps are a typical application.

Be sure too vent the stuffing box of a sealed, vertical pump back to the suction side of the pump or air will become trapped in the stuffing box. T

If the specific gravity of the pumping liquid should increase, due to temperature, there is a danger of overloading the motor and therefore moto

For information about my CD with over 600 Seal & Pump Subjects explained, click here

Link to Mc Nally home page


14/22

/D

4is the only logical and efficient solution. When pump manufacturers discuss operating off of the B.E.P. they relate problems to th


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Tank

To illustrate the requirement for increasing the

capacity of static storage tanks, as prescribed in the

last sentence of the first para under 5.1.6.... If the

capacity of a tank specified for a particular occupancy

in Table-23 is 1,00,000 ltr., and a pump of 2,250 lpmare prescribed, and if the inflow is practically nil, the

capacity of fire water tank has to be increased to

1,00,000 + 2,250 x 60 = 2,35,000 ltr., for 60 min. fire

fighting operations utilising the water from the

underground static water tank, and the pump working

at maximum output level.

Input water facility should be 1000ltrs/min if not 100000+(2250*1000)


21/22

Job

Category

Software,

Hardware,

EDP

Job Role

Software

Engineer/

Programme

r

Source NotAvailable Location Chennai

Work

Experienc

e

0 - 0 Years Job Type Part Time

Company

NameProlab Soft Key Skills

FRESHER,

FRESHER

CHENNAI,F

RESHER

WALKIN,

ORACLE,DATAWARE

HOUSING,

EmailAddress

hrprolabs

@gmail.com

Phone -32217016

Website

URL

http://ww

w.prolabsoft.com/

Last Date 2/2/2012

Yearly

Salar

Rs. 75000 -

190000Posted 1-Feb-12

We are

looking

out only

BE/BTEC

H/MCA

Graduate

s passed

out in2010 &

2011

with

below &

above60%

from

10th/12t

h &

Graduation.

Recruitm

ent for

MNCs.

Interview

Date :

2nd Feb

2012

Timing :

10am to

5 m

Education:

(UG -

B.Tech/B.E.) OR

(PG -

Prolabs

#24

Job

Desc

ripti

on


22/22

Phone:

3221690

5,

3221706

Prolabs isan

Outsourc

ed

Software

Product

Develop

Com

pany

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le

fp questions and answers

Documents