Animals are able to produce Butyric acid, Phytogenics are extracts from plants.Mother Nature obviously had a good reason for this. In combination with the Mycotoxin binder we achieved the optimal synergy.

FR A® BPM BROILERB UT YRIC / P HY TOGENIC / M YCOTOXIN-BINDER

THE NEW GENERATION ACIDIFIER IN BROILER DIETS

T H E VA LU E O F O R G A N I C AC I D S I N B R O I L E R D I E T S

INTRODUCTION

Successful feed formulations must both promote the growth of the ani-mal and discourage the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointes-tinal tract. Feeding for health as well as growth is certainly a major criterion in the design and formulation of poultry feeds.Organic acids are used in feeds for their various beneficial effects in the gut: feed preservation to control mi-crobial growth, reduction of the feed buffer capacity, inhibition of patho-genic bacteria and improvement of nutrient digestibility. These effects will result in improved growth perfor-mance and improved profitability of poultry production.Due to their different chemical struc-tures, different acids have differ-ent properties. The response to diet acidification may be affected by type of acid, inclusion level, diet composi-tion and dietary buffering capacity. The key basic principle on the mode

of action of organic acids on bacteria is that non-dissociated (non-ionized) organic acids can penetrate the bac-teria cell wall and disrupt the normal physiology of certain types of bacteria. We call these bacteria “pH sensitive” meaning that they cannot tolerate a wide internal and external pH gra-dient. Among those bacteria we have E.Coli, Salmonella spp, C.perfringens. It has been well demonstrated that the state of organic acids (non-dissociated or dissociated) is extremely important to define their capacity to inhibit the growth of bacteria. As a general rule, we need more than ten to twenty times the level of dissociated acids to reach the same inhibition of bacteria, compared to non-dissociated acids. Amongst the wide range of organic acids used in animal nutrition, butyric acid takes a unique position.Due to mycotoxins in grains, techni-cal results and litter quality in broiler flocks can be disappointing. By com-bining Mycotoxin-binder in the “new generation additive” these effects can be counteracted.

2

THE NE W GENERATION ACIDIFIER IN BROILER DIE TS

Monobutyrin, the monoglyceride of butyric acid, is a polar molecule. Due to the fact that most pathogens (like E-Coli, Salmonella, Clostridium Perfrin-gens) have a hydrophilic membrane, Monobutyrin can enter these patho-gens and destroy the cell. Monoglyc-erides from organic acids are up to 30 times more effective against bacteria then its original organic acid. Another advantage of monobutyrin is its water solubility which makes it also active in

the crop and the gizzard.Di- and triglycerides of butyric acid are non-polar and have a negative influence on the palatability. They have no destroying effect on bacteria in the crop and gizzard. Di- and tri- glycerides, contained by Monobutyrin, have the following specific and unique functions:

MONOBUTYRIN, A NEW MOLECULE 1) It fuels the gut mucosa cells by providing extra energy in the gut and consequently plays an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of the epithelial cells

2) It stimulates the development of a favourable intestinal flora (e.g. Lac-tobacilli)

3) It reduces the colonization and invasiveness of Salmonella in the gut (caeca)

4) It reduces the risks for incidence such as necrotic enteritis (Clostridium perfringens) and Colibacillosis.

5) It enhances the barrier func-tion of the intestinal epithelium since butyrate up-regulates the expression of tight junction proteins (=’glue’ join-ing the epithelial cells together)

3

Nutrition of coloncyte (butyrate)Energy salvage

Immunomodulation

Increase sodium absorption Increase mucosal blood flow

Regulate cell proliferationEffect on cell differentation

Decrease blood cholesterol(propionate)

Butyrate and other SCFAs

Fig. 1Flowchart summarizing the different mode of actions of butyrate in the gut

FR A® BPM BROILERB UT YRIC / P HY TOGENIC / M YCOTOXIN-BINDER

4

Plant parts, plant extracts

and essential oils.

Plant parts and plant extracts, are the fundamentals for the phytogenic com-plex.The most active substances in the complex for poultry are: Foeniculum vulgarae (Fennel), Melissa officinalis L.(Melissa balm), Mentha arvensis L. (Peppermint), Pimpinella anisum L. (Anise), Quercus cortex (Oak), Syzy-gium aromaticum L. (Clove),Thymus vulgaris L. (Thyme)Plant parts and extracts contain a high number of active components like sa-ponins and tannins. Saponins stimu-late the activities of all organs and im-prove the effectiveness of medication. The content of the different active substances is standardized to aim for constant quality since the quantities of active compounds can vary in the basic ingredients.. Tannin substances (e.g. oak bark) have an antibacterial effect and show posi-tive effects against wet litter

Essential oils (e.g. peppermint oil), pro-duce a very characteristic smell and taste and evaporate at room temperature. The smell and taste influence the stomach and intestine, the ingredients stimulate the saliva production. Other ingredients of essential oils have an influence on the gall bladder. In volatile form these essential oils ease their respiration and have an antibacterial and mould inhibit-ing function.

In Holland a trial has been conducted over 6 rounds with 100,000 animals per cycle. In table 1 the results are present-ed.

Table 1

Based on research the most important effects are:• Improvement of taste (increase of feed intake)• Improvement of the enzyme secretion resulting in better weight gain and feed conversion.• Stabilisation of heath status and stimulation of the immune system of the animals• Prevention of wet litter (due to products with tannins)

5

FR A® BPM BROILERB UT YRIC / P HY TOGENIC / M YCOTOXIN-BINDER

PHYTOGENE COMPLEX, A NATURAL DIGESTIBILITY ENHANCER

The phytogenic complex is a mixture of fine grinded natural herbs enriched with extracts and essential oils. The phytogenic complex is defined as a flavour/aroma for animal feed and is approved in the EU and US. The phytogenic complex is developed to: • stimulate the feed intake. • improve the digestion of nutrients.• stimulate the production of animal own enzymes. • increase the health status of the animals (Reduction of mortality and morbidity)

THE NE W GENERATION ACIDIFIER IN BROILER DIE TS

MODE OF ACTION IN

Liver, Kidneys:optimised function for

detoxfication

Gall bladder:higher production of conjugated bile acids

Pancreas:higher enzyme secretion (e.g.

amylase, maltase, lipases)

Small intestine :optimisation of

nutrient absorption

Whole gut:stabilisation of

physiological micro flora

Proventriculus:higher production of HCI and pepsin

Fig. 2 Mode of action of phytogenics in poultry

Number broilers totalAnimals started per roundGrowing daysbody weight/animal [g]Daily gain [g]Mortality [%]Broilers/m2Feed intake/animal [g]FCR netto [kg/kg]FCR corrected 1500 g [kg/kg]EPEFManure [kg/animal]Medication costs/round [€]

average

593,60098,94344.22\24650.84.720.440511.8051.5072681.312246

average

588,61698,10343.2236754.85.321.041791.7651.4182941.261222

effect of complex

- 1.0+ 121+ 4.,0+ 0.6 + 128- 0.04--0.09+ 26 - 0.05- 1024

control + Phytogene complex

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary me-tabolites produced by molds, mostly belonging to the three genera Asper-gillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. These fungal toxins are chemically diverse accounting for their different biologi-cal effects. There are hundreds of my-cotoxins known, but few have been extensively researched. The most no-torious and extensively investigated mycotoxins are aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), fumonisin B1 (FB1), zearalenon (ZEN), deoxynivale-nol (DON), and T2 toxin.

6

CONCLUSION

The combination of Monobutyrin, Phy-togenic complex and Mycotoxin-binder has a great synergy.The effect of the phytogenic complex to enhance the body’s own enzyme pro-duction will improve the digestibility, the feed intake, the growth and reduce the feed conversion. By stimulating the immune system of the animal, the mor-tality and morbidity of the flock will go down. By killing the pathogenic bacteria in the crop and gizzard, they will not en-ter the intestine. When there will be an attack by patho-gens from the caeca to the distal part of the intestine, the monobutyrin is still able to kill these pathogens. Mycotoxin-binders will prevent damage to the gut mucosa, liver and kidneys leading to a better litter quality. These combina-tions will result in healthier animals with better technical and financial results of broiler flocks.

7

FR A® BPM BROILERB UT YRIC / P HY TOGENIC / M YCOTOXIN-BINDER

Fungi Mycotoxins

Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus, Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2A. nomius

Penicillium verrucosum, Ochratoxin AAspergillus clavatus

Fusarium sporotrichioides, F. graminearum, Trichothecenes (Deoxynivalenol)

Fusarium moniliforme, F. proliferatum Fumonisins B1, B2, B3

Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, Zearalenone F. crookwellense

Table 2. Fungi and their associated mycotoxins

Fungi on crops produce them in the field, during handling, and during storage. A practical definition of a mycotoxin is a fun-gal metabolite that causes an undesirable effect when animals or humans are exposed. Mycotoxicoses are diseases caused by exposure to foods or feeds contaminated with mycotoxins. Depending on their precise nature, these mycotoxins exhibit a variety of biological effects in animals such as: liver and kidney toxicity, central nervous system abnormalities, reproductive disorders, immune suppression and others.The toxic effects of Fusarium mycotoxins in animals and poultry include reduced growth, feed refusal and vomiting, immu-nosuppression, gastrointestinal lesions, and neurological and reproductive disorders. Deoxynivalenol (DON), a Trichothecene mycotoxin, causes suppression of feed intake in susceptible species.

THE NE W GENERATION ACIDIFIER IN BROILER DIE TS

MYCOTOXIN-BINDER, TO COUNTERACT THE EFFECTS OF MYCOTOXINS

DOSAGE:

POULTRY:- Feed 0.1%

the versatile acidifier

THE PRODUCT IS:

- GRAS (Generally Recommended As Safe)- non-corrosive- safe in transport- safe in handling- safe in processing

FR A® BPM BROILERB UT YRIC / P HY TOGENIC / M YCOTOXIN-BINDER

Via San Bartolo a Cintoia, 104a50142 Firenze, ItalyP: +31 (0) 162 525629, +39 055 7332895F: +31 (0) 162 521589, +39 055 780676E: info@wenemco.com, info@silosrl.comW: www.siloadditives.com

SILO ADDITIVES Srl is a joint-venture of

Wenemco BV and SILO Srl