CHAPTER-7FRACTIONS

FRACTION IS A PART OF WHOLE

 

A fraction is number representing a part of a whole. The whole can be a group of objects or a single object.For example,  310 is a fraction and read as three-tenth. In the fraction, the top number is called the numerator whereas the bottom number is called the denominator. In the fraction 310, 3 is the numerator and 10 is the denominator.

                                                                                 In the above figure, the shaded portion is represented by 26. 

Fraction

Representation of fractions on the number line

A fraction can be represented on the number line. Every fraction has a corresponding point on the number line.

For example,Consider a fraction 1/2. 1/2 is greater than 0, but less than 1. Divide the space between 0 and 1 into two equal parts. We can show one part as the fraction 1/2.

Consider another fraction 1/5. / is greater than 0, but less than 1. Divide the space between 0 and 1 into five equal parts.We can show the first part as 15, the second as 2/5 and the third as 3/5, the fourth as 4/5 and the fifth part as 55 = 1.

Fractions can be classified as proper or improper. In proper fractions, the numerator is smaller than the denominator. In an improper fraction, the numerator is larger than the denominator. It is generally considered proper to change improper fractions to mixed numbers.

Proper fractionFractions in which the numerator is less than the denominator are called proper fractions. In a proper fraction, the number in the denominator shows the number of parts into which the whole is divided, while the number in the numerator shows the number of parts that have been taken.                             e.g.  420,320,1020

Improper fractionFractions in which the numerator is equal to or bigger than the denominator are called improper fractions.                             e.g.  43, 138, 77

LIke fractionsFractions with the same denominator are said to be like fractions.                                    e.g. 415, 615, 815

Unlike fractionsFractions with the different denominators are called unlike fractions.                                    e.g. 315, 320, 928 

Equivalent fractionsFractions that represent the same part of a whole are said to be equivalent fractions.                                e.g. 12 = 24 = 36 = 48 = 510------To find an equivalent fraction of a given fraction either multiply both the numerator and the denominator of the given fraction by the same number other than zero or divide by their common factor other than 1, if any.

Simplest form of a fractionA fraction is said to be in its simplest form or in its lowest terms if its numerator and denominator have no common factor except one. The simplest form of a given fraction can also be found by dividing its numerator and denominator by its highest common factor (HCF).

There are 3 Simple Steps to add fractions:Step 1: Make sure the bottom numbers are the same (so the slices are the same size)Step 2: Add the top numbers. Put the answer over the same bottom number.Step 3: Simplify the fraction (if needed).

"If adding or subtracting is your aim,The bottom numbers must be the same!♫ "Changing bottom with multiply or divide,The same to top must be applied,♫ "And don't forget to simplify,Before its time to say good bye"

DO THE FOLLOWING•TAKE OUT THE SUM•DIFFERENCE•SIMPLEST FORM•EQUIVALENT FRACTION•AFTER SUM MIXED FORM

A large box contains 18 small boxes and each small box contains 25 chocolate bars. How many chocolate bars are in the large box?

it takes John 25 minutes to walk to the car park and 45 min to drive to work. At what time should he get out of the house in order to get to work at 9:00 a.m.?

The fish tanks at the Knox Pet Store each hold the same amount of water. Emily used 4 7/8pitchers of water to fill 13 tanks. How many pitchers of water did she pour into each tank?

At Johnson High School, 7/8 of the students play a sport. Of the students who play a sport, 2/5 play football. What fraction of the students at Johnson High School play football?

Of the cakes at Katie's Bakery, 2/3 have chocolate frosting. Of the cakes with chocolate frosting, 2/3 have raspberry filling. What fraction of the cakes at Katie's Bakery have both chocolate frosting and raspberry filling?

The penguins at the zoo eat 1 5/6 pounds of fish each day. The zookeeper bought 14 2/3pounds of fish. For how many days will the fish last?

At the Union Aquarium, 1/2 of the animals are mammals. Of the mammals, 1/2 are dolphins. What fraction of the animals at the Union Aquarium are dolphins?

There are 6 1/2 pounds of bricks in a bag. Each brick weighs 1 5/8 pounds. How many bricks are in the bag?

On Wednesday the farmers at the Taylor Farm picked 5/6 of a barrel of tomatoes. Thursday, the farmers picked 1/5 as many tomatoes as on Wednesday. How many barrels of tomatoes did the farmers pick on Thursday?

Emma made 1/2 of a quart of hot chocolate. Each mug holds 1/6 of a quart. How many mugs will Emma be able to fill?

Now you know fractions well !!!