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Page 1: Fragility of the Fierce  Usually the least populous trophic level  Most prone to extinction  Susceptible to bioaccumulation Picture source:
Page 2: Fragility of the Fierce  Usually the least populous trophic level  Most prone to extinction  Susceptible to bioaccumulation Picture source:

Fragility of the Fierce

Usually the least populous trophic level

Most prone to extinction

Susceptible to bioaccumulation

Picture source: http://tle.westone.wa.gov.au/content/file/bb27755a-6279-f6c4-46c4-8296295c7417/1/geography_unit_2b.zip/content/cell4_spatial_impact/html/d4_energy_circulation.html

Page 3: Fragility of the Fierce  Usually the least populous trophic level  Most prone to extinction  Susceptible to bioaccumulation Picture source:

Keystone Effects

Most apex predators promote biodiversity

Dingoes & the red fox in Australia

Dingo picture source: http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/dingo/

Fox picture source: http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/dingo/

Page 4: Fragility of the Fierce  Usually the least populous trophic level  Most prone to extinction  Susceptible to bioaccumulation Picture source:

Silent Springs & the Bald

Eagle

Use of DDT & bio accumulation

Public awareness

Extirpation of bald eagles in parts of the U.S.

Accidental tampering with environment

Picture source: http://birdnote.org/show/50th-anniversary-silent-spring

Page 5: Fragility of the Fierce  Usually the least populous trophic level  Most prone to extinction  Susceptible to bioaccumulation Picture source:

George R. R. Martin &

the Wolf

Author of A Song of Ice and Fire series

Uses of pop-culture to promote conservation

Picture source: https://twitter.com/_grrm_ Picture source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Game_of_Thrones_title_card.jpgPicture copyright owner: Home Box Office Inc./BCKORS, LLC./GROK!, LLC./Generator Entertainment/Suction Productions, Inc.

Page 6: Fragility of the Fierce  Usually the least populous trophic level  Most prone to extinction  Susceptible to bioaccumulation Picture source:

Big Cats

Lions, hunting, and poaching

Continental decline

Proposals and research for maintaining a population

May not be enough

Picture by Kevin PluckSource: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lion_waiting_in_Namibia.jpg

Page 7: Fragility of the Fierce  Usually the least populous trophic level  Most prone to extinction  Susceptible to bioaccumulation Picture source:

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lethal top- predator control: Predator manipulation experiments. Front Zool 11(1):1.

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Becker MS, Watson FGR, Droge E, Leigh K, Carlson RS, Carlson AA, Becker MS, Watson FGR, Droge E, Leigh K, et al. 2013. Estimating past and future male loss in three zambian lion populations. J Wildlife Manage 77(1):128-42.

Caro T, Brown D, Clucas B, Hunter J. 2008. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics :1-19.

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Letnic M, Koch F, Gordon C, Crowther MS, Dickman CR. 2009. Keystone effects of an alien top-predator stem extinctions of native mammals. P r Soc b 276(1671):3249-56.

Letnic M, Greenville A, Denny E, Dickman CR, Tischler M, Gordon C, Koch F, Letnic M, Greenville A, Denny E, et al. 2011. Does a top predator suppress the abundance of an invasive mesopredator at a continental scale? : Top predator versus invasive mesopredator. Global Ecol Biogeogr 20(2):343-53.

Pagel JE, Sharpe PB, Garcelon DK, Little AE, Taylor SK, Faulkner KR, Gorbics CS. 2012. Exposure of bald eagles to lead on the northern channel islands, california. J Raptor Res 46(2):168-76.

Platt, J. June 11, 2014. George R. R. Martin Wants to Kill You to Save Some Wolves. Takepart http://www.takepart.com/article/ 2014/06/11/george-rr-martin-wants-kill-you-save-some-wolves

Sergio F, Newton I, Marchesi L, Sergio F, Newton I, Marchesi L, Sergio F, Newton I, Marchesi L. 2008. FORUM: Top predators and biodiversity: Much debate, few data : Predators and biodiversity: Reply. J Appl Ecol 45(3):992-9.