Gerald SenentzINPRO Dialogue Forum on Roadmaps for a Transition to Globally Sustainable Nuclear Energy SystemsOctober 21st, 2015

France’s Assets for a Sustainable Nuclear Energy System Present situation and perspectives

Contents

France’s fuel cycle

Achievements

Perspectives and scenario studies

INPRO Dialogue Forum 21 Oct. 2015 – France’s Assets for a Sustainable Nuclear Energy System - p.2

58 reactors in operation, on 19 sites, all owned by EDF

A single technology: PWR (“Pressurized Water Reactor”)

3 standardized series : a major safety asset and an economic benefit

900 MWe: 34 units, 31 GWe1,300 MWe: 20 units, 26 GWe1,500 MWe: 4 units, 6 GWe

1 EPR unit under construction in Flamanville (FA3)

Installed power: 63 net GWe418 TWh produced (2014)75% of French electricity production

Gravelines

Chooz

Cattenom

Fessenheim

Bugey

St Alban

Cruas

Tricastin

PenlyPaluelFlamanville

St Laurent Dampierre

BellevilleChinon

Civaux

Blayais

Golfech

Nogent Seine

900MW 1300MW 1500MW EPR

The French Nuclear Reactor Fleet

INPRO Dialogue Forum 21 Oct. 2015 – France’s Assets for a Sustainable Nuclear Energy System - p.3

Depleted Uranium

~120 t/yMOX

ERU

ENU~1050 t/y

Uranium miningand concentration

~ 8000 t/year

Conversion Enrichment~ 5.5 MUTS/year

58 NPPs22 with MOX4 with REPU

430 TWhe /year

YellowCake UF6

Near Surface Disposal

Enriched UF6

Fuel fabrication

Very low, low and intermediate

level waste

FuelAssemblies

Spent fuel 1200 t/y

Reprocessed Uranium(RU) Plutonium

GeologicalDisposal

UC-VUC-C

Reprocessing

The French Nuclear Fuel Cycle

INPRO Dialogue Forum 21 Oct. 2015 – France’s Assets for a Sustainable Nuclear Energy System - p.4

Major industrial sitesof the Back End Fuel Cycle in France

TreatmentDismantling

DismantlingCadarache

La Hague

MOX Fabrication

Romans

Tricastin

Valognes

Marcoule

MELOX

Rail Terminal

Recycled uranium supply to the Front End BG

RecyclingLogistics

Dismantling

Front End BG

Valognes

MELOX

La Hague

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The French Nuclear Fuel CycleNatural resource savings and used fuel management

Resource savings Valuable nuclear materials (U, Pu) are

recovered and recycledAbout 15% of French nuclear electricity today from recycled materials

Cumulated savings (2015): 25000 tons Resources kept out of the waste,

available for future developments

Unat annual savings (%)

Una

tann

ual s

avin

gs (%

)

Used fuel management Thanks to recycling, interim storage

is reduced by 19000 tons Reduction by a factor of 6 of present

accumulation rate

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The French Nuclear Fuel CycleA major step towards sustainable energy

Treatment: Used fuel interim storage quantities divided by 6(1000 t/yr avoided), solution for damaged fuels 1200 t/yr of used fuels out of EDF reactors 1000 t/yr UOX recycled, ERU and MOX +200 t/yr in pools for ~430 TWh/yr Interim centralized storage for remaining used fuels, preventing reactor pools

saturation

Waste management: Conditioning HLW and ILW with the best available technologies No plutonium No more safeguards, no loss of self protection issue

Long term radiotoxicity divided by 10 Demonstrated long term behavior in storage and interim storage Reduced footprint: Optimized valorization of yet to come final geological disposal

(Rare Resources)

Contributions of AREVA’s Facilitiesto Global Nuclear Energy Sustainability

Providing Nuclear Fuel Cycle Management services Transportation and Interim storage, dry or wet, incl. for defective fuels Treatment and recycling Precycling and TOP-MOX Returning HLW and ILW (Vitrified and Compacted waste)

INPRO Dialogue Forum 21 Oct. 2015 – France’s Assets for a Sustainable Nuclear Energy System - p.8

The Netherlandsor how to use recycling to reduce risks?

2103

Situation

17 M inhabitants, 110TWh1 reactor, shut-down 20341 storage facility : HABOG

Ambitions / Challenges

Strategy : Surface storage 100 yearsResponsible managementPublic acceptanceChoice of the recycling

Precycling

No safeguards, no corrosion, no leakage, no safety issue, high public acceptance

AREVA solution

2003 2023 2043 2063 2083 2103

Safe long term storage of glass canisters (>100 years) has a major value

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Contributions of AREVA’s Facilitiesto the Global Nuclear Energy Sustainability

Leveraging technical capability to support international projects

Building facilities and expertise preparing the future 70 tons of MOX fuels have been processed at La Hague

industrial demonstration on UP2-800, 2 MTHM/d demonstrated on existing facilities TCP projects at La Hague, designed for specific reactor fuels (research reactors,

MOX, FR…) ASTRID sodium fast neutron reactor project,

with its fuel fabrication and fuel treatment facilities

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Sustainability targets for the nuclear industry…and the contribution of recycling

Public

Government

Recycling helps or is required to reach some of those targets (energy independence, limited environmental impact…)Other targets are criteria of success (safety, no impact on health, competitivity…)

SociallyResponsible

Environment Friendly

Economically Robust

Fully mastered risk,no impact on health

Employment and wellness

Energy independenceFully mastered riskControlled nuclear

material

Limited waste and releases

Limited CO2 emissions

Low CO2 emissionsLimited waste and

releases

Competitive price

Price acceptable for the public and the industry,

Positive impact on commercial balance

NuclearOperators

Safety First!Local development

Limited environmental impact of the whole

supply chain

Competitive compared with alternative

sourcesPredictable cost

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Back End – General Presentation – May 20, 2015 - p.12

Next stepsAREVA – CEA – EDF Scenarios Studies

Based on reactor fleet comprised of PWR and SFRA specific improvement targeted in each stepA schedule determined as a result of the study to comply with constraintsand obejctivesPhase-out (feasibility, performances…) studied for each step

FR fuel Fabrication

«UP4» (used MOX) « UP5 » (used FR fuels)

Industrial Scénarios - AREVA CEA EDFa step by step approach, driven by Objectives

Time

63 GWe

~2090

ASTRIDAFC

LH

MELOX

~2050

~ Constant installed power

~2040

FR

StabilizationUsed UOX

20 ansLWR

StabilizationUsed LWR MOX

StabilizationUsed fuels / Pu inventories

-3

Recycling UOxRecycling LWRUOX and MOX

Recycling all fuelsPu MultirecyclingIn LWR and FR

100% MOX

Energy Independence

Used fuel t/yr1200200~500

Goals

Fuel CycleFacilities

Fuel CycleFacilities

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Effectiveness on Waste Management and Natural Resources issues - Preliminary results

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420 TWh/y nuclear fleet Open cycle LWR

MonorecycleLWR

Bi-recyclage LWR-FR

Nuclearmaterials

FR share(Gwe %) 0% 0% 5%

Pu net production

(t/y)+10,5 +7,5 +7

Used fuels amount (t/y) +1000 UOX +160 MOX+

Reprocessed U

+100 FR-MOX+Reprocessed

U

Repositoryfootprint

HLW Footprint(m²/TWh)

490 150 170

Used fuel footprint (m²/TWh)

- 0 - 180 0 - 120

Global footprint(m²/TWh)

490 150 - 330 170 - 290

Thank you !