franciscan care services - unl food...ghrelin: the hunger hormone •its secreted mainly from the...
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Franciscan Care Services
Discovering Hidden Carbs and Fighting Cravings
Deborah Willcox, RD, LMNT
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Giving into a craving….
• A binge that wrecked your calorie count for the day
• Raised your blood sugar
• Brought on guilt
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Why do we crave foods that are bad for us?
• Heavily processed foods are designed for you to crave them.
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There are many theories why….
• People who are in a low or depressed mood may have a dysregulation in their serotonin levels. These people may crave carbs
• More often than not the reason is behavioral.
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Behavioral…..
• We grow into habits with certain foods that we associate with comfort, feeling good, feeling calm, with celebration, with jobs well done, rewards.
• This is established very early in the American Culture
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People are tempted by foods that tend to be…
• Crunchy
• Salty
• Fatty
• Sweet
• Chewy
• Smooth, like ice cream and pudding
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Are certain people more likely to have food cravings?
• Restrained eaters who restrict dietary choices may or may not be more prone to cravings.
• Researchers don’t know if the feeling of being deprived or the desire for food drives a craving
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What research shows…..
• When it comes to cravings exercising willpower is related to working a muscle
• Every time you turn down the offer of a food you crave, the muscle may strengthen
• But like any muscle, it can get tired
• To help resist difficult foods, both experts suggest creating friendly environments where you have control
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How to stop them
• Distract your brain
– Set a timer for 10 minutes, then take a walk or make a phone call
• Keep a food diary
– When you experience cravings, write down where you are, what emotions you feel, and any cues that lead to a binge.
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Practice Prevention
• Make sure you’re not hitting periods where you’re super hungry
• If you eat foods that are healthy for you with a high protein content, there is less of a chance that a craving will surface
• If you are not starving, your brain won’t be working against you
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Know Yourself
• Identifying patterns can help you figure out the foods you can manage and those you cannot.
• The idea is to recognize which foods are challenging, then make a plan to eat what you want, but not enough to feel as though you’ve ruined your eating plan.
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Satisfying Swaps
• Swapping a food that you crave for a more healthful alternative may help
• To satisfy a junk food craving, consider whether the treat is salty, sweet, or crunchy, then pick a replacement as close in texture and flavor as possible.
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Swap
• Swap Oreo cookies for a tablespoon of fat-free whipped dessert topping between two low-fat graham crackers
• Swap a cinnamon-sugar donut for whole wheat toast with light smear of margarine and dusting of cinnamon and low-calorie sweetener
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In the overweight and obese….
• Resistance to certain satiety hormones can develop, so these people really may be experiencing more hunger physiologically
• Patients feel better when they hear this….so my hunger is not just in my head or because I don’t have enough willpower or that I just love food
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Leptin: A satiety hormone
• Leptin is a hormone that’s produced by fat cells, and it works to suppress appetite in the brain
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Ghrelin: The hunger hormone
• Its secreted mainly from the stomach lining and travels through the blood to your brain, signaling that it’s time to eat
• Ghrelin works on a cycle, rising before meals and dropping after meals.
• Ghrelin levels actually are lower in the obese, but they’re more sensitive to its appetite stimulating effects.
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Dopamine: The reward hormone
• Dopamine directly activates reward and pleasure centers in the brain, which can affect both mood and food intake.
• Eating increases dopamine and increased dopamine with intake of high-fat foods.
• Dopamine levels also rise with sugar intake. Both high fat and high sugar foods can lead to increased appetite, overeating, and weight gain over the
long term.
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Managing Appetite Hormones
• Eat on a schedule
• Eat a high-protein breakfast
• Eat a mix of macronutrients at meals and snacks
• Seek pleasure from other activities
• Get adequate sleep
• Commit to regular exercise
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Common Question from Diabetic Patients
• When looking at the nutrition label, what should I focus on: calories or carbs?
• If you only look at carb grams, odds are you will exceed your calories needs.
• If you restrict your carb intake too much you could miss out on foods that supply important vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that help reduce the
risk of cardiovascular disease.
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On the other hand…
• If you look only at calories, you may choose foods that spike blood glucose.
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The best tactic….
• Keep an eye on both calories and carbs while following a balanced diet
• Focus on having a lean meat, vegetable, fruit, low-fat dairy item, and whole grains at every meal.
• When using this perspective, nutrition tends to fall in line on its own
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CARBS
• Without carefully reviewing food labels, you may be eating or drinking more carb than you think
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Hidden Carbs
• Spaghetti Sauces
– Sugar can boost the carb content of pasta sauces. Most have 14 grams of carb per ½ cup
• Barbecue Sauces
– Most are made with ketchup, brown sugar, and molasses
• Fat-Free Salad Dressings
– Extra carbs come from sugar, corn syrup, honey and other sweeteners they use to replace the fat
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Hidden Carbs
• Veggie Burgers
– Vegetables, rice, wheat, black beans, milk powder are how most of these patties are made, which all have carb content.
• Sugar-Free Puddings
– Sugar-free does not mean carb-free. They may have cornstarch for added texture. Sugar-free gelatin has little to no carb.
• Teriyaki Sauces
– Regular or brown sugar bumps up carb content.
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Hidden Carbs
• Cottage Cheese
– The milk used to make cottage cheese provides some natural carb, but some brands contain added starches and thickeners that raise carb content.
• Imitation Crabmeat
– Real crabmeat doesn’t contain any carb, but imitation crab contains 11-16 grams per ½ cup because of added sweeteners and wheat starch. Choose canned tuna or salmon for seafood.
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• Thank you!!!