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Fraud and Resolution in the Public Company: Keeping the Eighth Commandment with Heart and Hand “Thou Shall Not Steal” Conference on Christian Business Ethics Today Philadelphia, Pennsylvania June 10 – 11, 2011 Steve Austin, CPA, MBA Managing Firm Partner | Swenson Advisors, LLP | San Diego, CA Keith Krzewski Partner & COO | Swenson Advisors, LLP | San Diego, CA Andrew Peterson, Ph.D. President | Reformed Theological Seminary Virtual Campus | Charlotte, NC

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Conference on Christian Business Ethics Today, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, June 10-11, 2011

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Page 1: Fraud and Resolution in the Public Company: Keeping the Eight Commandments with Heart and Hand "Thou Shall Not Steal"

Fraud and Resolution in the Public Company:

Keeping the Eighth Commandment with Heart and Hand

“Thou Shall Not Steal”

Conference on Christian Business Ethics TodayPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania

June 10 – 11, 2011

Steve Austin, CPA, MBAManaging Firm Partner  |  Swenson Advisors, LLP  |  San Diego, CA

Keith KrzewskiPartner & COO  |  Swenson Advisors, LLP  |  San Diego, CA

Andrew Peterson, Ph.D.President  |  Reformed Theological Seminary ‐ Virtual Campus  |  Charlotte, NC

Page 2: Fraud and Resolution in the Public Company: Keeping the Eight Commandments with Heart and Hand "Thou Shall Not Steal"

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The Autonomy of Fraud and the Paths to Resolution

Paths to resolution and prevention for the Christian are 

praise, prayer, and practiceAs seen in Philippians 4:4‐9

4Rejoice in the Lord always; again I will say, Rejoice. 5Let your reasonableness be known to everyone. The Lord is at hand; 6do not be anxious about anything, but in everything by prayer and 

supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known to God. 7And the peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, 

will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. 8Finally, brothers, whatever is true, whatever is honorable, whatever is just, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is commendable, if there is any excellence, if there is anything worthy of praise, think about these 

things. 9What you have learned and received and heard and seen in me—practice these things, and the God of peace will be with you.

Page 3: Fraud and Resolution in the Public Company: Keeping the Eight Commandments with Heart and Hand "Thou Shall Not Steal"

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Biblical Presuppositions for Public Companies

Relevance of God’s Word for establishing an ethical foundation for the

public company

• Transparency should be the biblical way of life

• Four‐stage analysis for implementing business ethics from Scripture 

I. Teachings

II.Conviction

III.Correction

IV.Training

• The abundance of the Garden of Eden is the beginning of understanding our environment for business

• Trust in God to complete the 

stewardship of life in all of its rich dimensions

Page 4: Fraud and Resolution in the Public Company: Keeping the Eight Commandments with Heart and Hand "Thou Shall Not Steal"

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Biblical Presuppositions for Public Companies

Relevance of the public company in God’s world

• Guard your hearts and your minds – there is no valid reason to steal... 

It is sinful, lazy, and stupid

• Business done to God’s glory is a blessing of:

– Personal achievement

– Family prosperity

– Church life

– Community progress and the public company

• Self‐government reflects the fear of the Lord (Proverbs 1:7)

• The government “bears the sword” to punish “evil doers,” including thieves and frauds

• The Westminister Larger Catechism, Q140‐142, contains biblical elements for a rich, workplace training program

Page 5: Fraud and Resolution in the Public Company: Keeping the Eight Commandments with Heart and Hand "Thou Shall Not Steal"

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Case One: Financial Statement Manipulation at WorldCom

• Mid‐90s darling of Wall Street in technology space

• Rapid growth through 50+ mergers and acquisitions

• Negative “Tone at the Top” – organizational culture where leaders were 

not to be doubted or questioned

• False top‐line accounting entries made to meet to market expectations

• So called one‐time event continues over multiple quarters with 

capitalized expense in excess of $9 billion

• Internal audit director “blows the whistle”

• Thousands of employees laid‐off, stock prices plummet resulting in 

millions of dollars of market value lost for investors

• Imprisonment of senior management and accounting team

Page 6: Fraud and Resolution in the Public Company: Keeping the Eight Commandments with Heart and Hand "Thou Shall Not Steal"

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Case Two: Asset Misappropriation at Tyco

• Abuse of corporate assets in excess of $600 million

• Weak internal controls coupled with “Tone at the Top”

reflecting excessive greed

• No whistleblowers however, unlike WorldCom – Tyco had a solid, 

profitable business model

• Resolution process focused on integrity, excellence, teamwork, and 

accountability

• Turnaround team ultimately replaces every 

senior manager

• Major theme provides for clear separation 

of finance and operations

• Tyco’s New Guide to Ethical Conduct reflecting

lessons learned

Page 7: Fraud and Resolution in the Public Company: Keeping the Eight Commandments with Heart and Hand "Thou Shall Not Steal"

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Case Three: Corruption at Parmalat, “Europe’s Enron”

• Italian food giant has $19 billion gap in financing needs

• Financial woes caused by acquisition of 

underperforming Latin American companies/misappropriation of funds

• Covered financial problems through complex financial instruments and 

siphoning funds through Cayman Island subsidiaries

• Falsified bank document for approximately $5 billion – not detected by 

auditors

• Pressures exerted to compete in global markets on Parmalat and Grant 

Thorton lead to fraud

• Blackstone Group alerts SEC to 

the financial discrepancies leading 

to Parmalat’s bankruptcy

Page 8: Fraud and Resolution in the Public Company: Keeping the Eight Commandments with Heart and Hand "Thou Shall Not Steal"

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Techniques and Tools for Resolution and Prevention of Fraud

• Fraudulent behavior by key executives of public companies has brought 

about various regulations

– U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (FCPA)

– U.S. Sarbanes‐Oxley Act of 2002

– U.S. Federal Sentencing Guidelines ‐ 2005

– Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development Anti‐

Bribary Convention ‐ 2007

– Dodd‐Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act ‐ 2010

Page 9: Fraud and Resolution in the Public Company: Keeping the Eight Commandments with Heart and Hand "Thou Shall Not Steal"

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Restatements are on the Decline

• 630 companies filed 675 

restatements in 2009

• 27% decline from 2008

• The number of restatements 

peaked in 2006 with 

1,795 restatements

Audit AnalyticsReport: Financial Restatements –A Nine‐Year ComparisonPublished March 10, 2010

Page 10: Fraud and Resolution in the Public Company: Keeping the Eight Commandments with Heart and Hand "Thou Shall Not Steal"

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2011 Fraud Scorecard

What’s Hot What’s Not

Global financial meltdown investigations Restatements

Insider trading scandals SOX 404 material weaknesses

FCPA violations Accounting scandals

COSO monitoring Weak Audit Committees

Repeat offenders Mild mannered auditors

SEC troubles

PCAOB foreign accounting firm investigations/fines

Page 11: Fraud and Resolution in the Public Company: Keeping the Eight Commandments with Heart and Hand "Thou Shall Not Steal"

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Techniques and Tools for Resolution and Prevention of Fraud

• Key principles for developing a fraud risk program:

– Suitable fraud risk management oversight and expectations exist 

(governance)

– Fraud exposures are identified and evaluated (risk assessment)

– Appropriate processes and procedures are in place to manage these 

exposures (prevention and detection)

– Fraud allegations are addressed, and appropriate corrective action 

is taken in a timely manner (investigation and corrective action)

Page 12: Fraud and Resolution in the Public Company: Keeping the Eight Commandments with Heart and Hand "Thou Shall Not Steal"

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SWENTRACKA Cost‐effective, Web‐based Tool to Help 

Simplify SOX Compliance Efforts

Page 13: Fraud and Resolution in the Public Company: Keeping the Eight Commandments with Heart and Hand "Thou Shall Not Steal"

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Biblical Perspectives for Hope and Help for Public Companies in the “New Normal”

• Normative standards 

for practice and training

• Situational goals 

for practice and training

• Heart motives 

for practice and training

Page 14: Fraud and Resolution in the Public Company: Keeping the Eight Commandments with Heart and Hand "Thou Shall Not Steal"

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Biblical Perspectives for Hope and Help for Public Companies in the “New Normal”

• Prevention of fraud in the public company setting comes through a new 

heart obedient to God’s law by His grace

• Cure covetousness, and you will kill 

the root of fraud and theft 

(Baxter – Direct I, pg. 823)

• The link from Commandment 8 to 

Commandment 10 is quite clear and compelling

• May the Holy Spirit help replace sin with righteous action to the benefit 

of neighbor and the glory of God

Page 15: Fraud and Resolution in the Public Company: Keeping the Eight Commandments with Heart and Hand "Thou Shall Not Steal"

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Our Gift to You

Page 16: Fraud and Resolution in the Public Company: Keeping the Eight Commandments with Heart and Hand "Thou Shall Not Steal"

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Thank You

Steve Austin, CPA, [email protected]

Keith Krzewskikeith.krzewski@swensonadvisors.comwww.SwensonAdvisors.com | www.SwensonForensic.com

Andrew Peterson, [email protected]/connect