FRBR and Cataloguing Rules: Impact on IFLA’s Statement of Principles and AACR/RDA

by Barbara B. TillettFRBR WorkshopDublin, OhioMay 4, 2005

Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) Entity-relationship model

• Entities: Group 1, 2, 3• Relationships• Attributes

User tasks• Find• Identify• Select• Obtain

National level record elements (mandatory & optional data)

Possible FRBR applicationsScenario A - Now

Authority

Bibliographic

Holding Item

Work/Expression

UniformTitle Concept

Manifestation

Person

Series (work/expression)

UniformTitle

Scenario B

Work/ExpressionUniform

Title

Manifestation

Authority

Bibliographic

Holding Item

Concept

Person/Corporate

body

Series (work/expression)

UniformTitle

Person/Corporate

body

Scenario C

Work/ExpressionUniform

Title Manifestation

Authority

Bibliographic

Holding Item

Concept

Person/Corporate

body

Series (work/expression)

UniformTitle

Person/Corporate

body

Scenario D

Work/ExpressionUniform

Title

Authority

Holding Manifestation/Item

Concept

Person/Corporate

body

Series (work/expression)

UniformTitle

Person/Corporate

body

Scenario E

Work/ExpressionUniform

Title

Authority

Holding Manifestation/Item

Concept

Person/Corporate

body

Series (work/expression)

UniformTitle

Person/Corporate

body

Bibliographic

JSC Public Web Site

http://www.collectionscanada.ca/jsc/index.html

Resource Description

andAccess

Strategic Plan for AACR/RDA

http://www.collectionscanada.ca/jsc/stratplan.html

Targets of Strategic Plan

1. New edition – 2007/2008• New Introductions

Principles, functions of catalog, conceptual info.• Content guidelines, updated examples• Authority control• FRBR terms when useful• Simplify

Reduce redundancy Increase consistency across all types of content

2. Reach out to other communities3. Web-based product

RDAResource Description and Access Introductions (general principles/ concepts) Part I - Description Part II - Relationships Part III – Authority control Appendices

• Display options• Abbreviations, capitalization, numbers• Glossary

RDA Timeline (Proposal) Dec. 2004 Draft Pt. 1 to constituents Apr. 2005 Reworked approach/structure July 2005 “Prospectus” for RDA Dec. 2005 Reworked Pt. 1 2006 Reworked Pt. 2 2006 Pt. 3 2007 Introductions and Appendices June 2007 Tests of Web product Dec. 2007 Text to publishers 2008 RDA Web available

International Cataloguing Principles

ICCP, Paris, 1961

IME ICC 2

Latin America/

Caribbean

IME ICC 1 Europe (including AACR2)

Draft Statement of Principles Bulgarian Chinese Croatian Czech English Finnish French German Greek Hungarian

Italian Japanese Korean Lithuanian Portuguese Romanian Russian Slovak Spanish (Spain) Spanish (Latin America)

IME ICC Goals & Objectives Goal

• Increase the ability to share cataloguing worldwide by

• Promoting standards

Objectives• Develop “Statement of International

Cataloguing Principles”• See if we can get closer together • Make recommendations for an International

Cataloguing Code

Introduction Serve the convenience of the users Broaden Paris Principles

• All types of materials (not just text)• Description• Access (not just choice and form of entry, but

all access for bibliographic and authority records)

Build on • Great cataloguing traditions of the world• FRBR and FRAR and future FR-Subjects

1. Scope

Guide development of cataloguing codes

Bibliographic and authority records

Library catalogues + Consistent approach

to descriptive and subject cataloguing

All kinds of resources

Scope, continued

Highest principle for constructing cataloguing codes =

convenience of the users of the catalogue

2.1 Entities in Bibliographic Records FRBR entities

• Work• Expression• Manifestation• Item

Separate bibliographic record for each manifestation• Collection• Individual work• Component

2.2 Entities in Authority Records Controlled forms of names

• Person• Family• Corporate Body• Work• Expression• Manifestation• Item• Concept• Object• Event• Place

Конфуций

2.3 Attributes and 2.4 Relationships Attributes

• Identify the entity• Data elements in bibliographic and authority

records Relationships

• Bibliographically significant• Identified through the catalogue

3. Functions of the Catalogue

To enable a user to• Find• Identify• Select• Obtain• Navigate

Functions of the Catalogue To enable a user to

Find Single resource All resources belonging to same work All resources belonging to same expression All resources belonging to same manifestation All works and expressions of a given person,

family, or corporate body All resources on a given subject All resources defined by other criteria

4. Bibliographic Description

Based on internationally agreed standard• ISBDs

Levels of completeness• Based on purpose of the catalogue or

bibliographic file

5. Access Points Formulate following general principles Controlled

• Provide consistency• Normalize following a standard (“authorized

headings”) • Record in authority records (normalized forms

and variant forms to use as references) Uncontrolled

• Title proper found on manifestation• Keywords

5.1.1 Choice of Access Points

Bibliographic record• Titles of works and expressions (controlled)• Titles of manifestations (uncontrolled)• Names of creators of works (controlled)• Names of other persons, families, corporate

bodies, and subjects deemed important for finding, identifying, selecting the bibliographic resource

5.1.1.2 Access Points to Authority Record Authorized form of name Variant forms of name Related names

5.1.3 Language Names expressed in several languages,

prefer• Information from manifestations of the

expression in the original language and script, but

• If original language and script is not normally used in the catalogue, the heading may be based on forms found on manifestations or in references in one of the languages and scripts best suited to users of catalogue

5.1.3 Language, continued

Access should be provided in original language and script whenever possible, through either the authorized heading or a reference.

If transliterations are desirable, an international standard for script conversion should be followed.

5.2 Forms of Names for Persons

Still under discussion:

Name consists of several words, entry word should follow conventions of the country and language most associated with that person, as found on manifestations or reference sources.

5.3 Forms of Names for FamiliesStill under discussion:

Name consists of several words, entry word should follow conventions of the country and language most associated with that family, as found on manifestations or reference sources.

5.4 Forms of Names for Corporate BodiesStill under discussion:

Corporate name should be given in direct order, as commonly found on manifestations

5.5 Forms of Uniform Titles

Title alone or Name/title combination or Title qualified by addition of identifying

elements• Corporate name• Place• Language• Date• Etc.

5.5 Uniform Title, continued

Original title or Title most frequently found in manifestations

of the work or Commonly used title in language and script

of catalogue

Still under discussion: Always add language and date.

6. Authority Records Construct to control authorized forms of

names and references used as access points• Persons• Families• Corporate bodies• Works, expressions, manifestations, items• Concepts• Objects• Events• Places

7. Foundations for Search Capabilities 7.1 Search and Retrieval

• Access points

1) provide reliable retrieval of bibliographic, authority records and associated bibliographic resources and

2) limit search results

7.1.1 Searching Devices

Names, titles, and subjects searchable and retrievable by any device, e.g.,• Full forms of names• Key words• Phrases• Truncation• Etc.

7.1.2 Indispensable Access Points

Base on main attributes and relationships of each entity

For bibliographic record:• Name of creator or first named creator when >1• Title proper or supplied title for manifestation• Year(s) of publication or issuance• Uniform title of work/expression• Subject headings, subject terms• Classification numbers• Standard numbers, identifiers, “key titles”

7.1.2 Indispensable Access Points

For authority records:• Authorized name or title of the entity• Variant forms of name or title for the entity

7.1.3 Additional Access Points

For bibliographic record, e.g.,• Names of additional creators beyond first• Names of performers, families, or corporate

bodies in other roles than creator• Parallel titles, caption titles, etc.• Uniform title of series• Bibliographic record identifiers• Language• Country of publication• Physical medium

7.1.3 Additional Access Points

For authority records, e.g.,• Names of titles of related entities• Authority record identifiers

Objectives for Construction of Cataloguing Codes Convenience of user Common usage Representation Accuracy Sufficiency and

necessity Significance Economy

Standardization Integration Defensible, not

arbitrary

If contradict, take a defensible, practical solution

Next Steps Continue online discussion list (can subscribe

through the IME ICC Web site) Publish articles, give presentations, etc. to

share the proposals Contact and involve other information

communities (toward shared new vocabulary, concepts, and goals)

Continue worldwide review (continue regional meetings)

Web Sites

Frankfurt meetinghttp://www.ddb.de/news/ifla_conf_index.htm

Buenos Aires meetinghttp://www.loc.gov/imeicc2

Next Meetings 2005 Middle East (Cairo, Egypt) 2006 Asia (National Library of Korea,

Seoul) 2007 Africa

Applications of conceptual model

FRBR is conceptual model No application is

prescribed Opportunities for the

future in new systems designs Greater connection

with a&i, digital aggregators

Keep user foremost in mind

Thank you!