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Free English Classes

Prepared by AOL Foundation

This resource has been created by AOL Foundation on behalf of AAM Foundation for use at its Free English Classes. It may be freely copied for educational use. This resource may not be copied or used for

commercial purposes.

AAM Foundation and AOL Foundation will not be responsible or liable in any manner or form, to any person or body, using this resource or information contained herein.

LEVEL 2

STUDENT WORKBOOK

BOOK 3

About This Resource

English is the most commonly spoken language in the world, an international lingua franca. However, in a multi-lingual country like India, many who aspire to learn English are disadvantaged as they do not have the opportunity to experience and acquire it in their daily lives. AAM Foundation organizes Free English Classes for such students.

The Free English Classes have 3 di!erent levels of proficiency aimed at building comfort, confidence and competence in oral communication. In Level 2, the 1.45 hour long, 6 days a week class has three parts - for 30 minutes the students learn the language using an international software, for 30 minutes, students practice the learnt concepts through Workbook; for 45 minutes students practice oral communication through planned activities organized by the facilitator.

The purpose of this Workbook is to serve as a comprehensive resource for first generation learners of English language, organizing information to develop confidence with the language at the Intermediate level (Level II). In the next four months, students will focus on syntax and sentence structure. Students will be enrolled for Level II only after assessment of their language skills by the facilitator/external evaluators. The students complete the exercises on their own and seek assistance from the Facilitator, whenever necessary.

At the end of every week, there is a review/consolidation lesson, where the students recapitulate the learning of the week before moving on to new content. During the week, there is ample time provided for conversation so that the students develop confidence in speaking English. The facilitator is to ensure that the students use pencil to complete the workbook exercises as it will allow them to make changes, if required.

Although each lesson in the Student Workbook is designed as a part of a larger, weekly theme, the lessons can also be used independently for remedial/reinforcement purposes. Students are advised to spend 30 minutes on each lesson.

The Student Workbook must be left behind at the Centre, after the completion of the 1 hour 45 minutes class. Students may be allowed to take the Workbook home at the end of the four months after he/she completes Level 2.

This Student Workbook comprises 48 lessons as a part of Level II (Book 1) to be completed in two months. After the successful completion of Level II (Book 1) and regular attendance, the students will be given Level II (Book 2).

Student Workbook

1Created by AOL Foundation for AAM Foundation

Student Workbook


Table of Content

Lesson # Topic Page # Lesson # Topic Page #Week 17Week 17Week 17 Week 21Week 21Week 21

97 Introduction - Review 5 121 Dictionary Skills - 1 4798 Phonics - Review 6 122 Dictionary Skills - 2 4999 Safety & Good Health - Review 7 123 Wordmap 51

100 Money & Shopping - Review 8 124 Conversation 54101 At the Office - Review 9 125 Dictionary Wiz 55102 Consolidation 11 126 Consolidation 56

Week 18Week 18Week 18 Week 22Week 22Week 22103 Verbal & Non Verbal Messages 12 127 Tenses - Present Tense 57104 Verbal Communication 14 128 Tenses - Past Tense 61105 Summarize 16 129 Tenses - Future Tense 64106 Main Idea 18 130 Conversation 66107 Short Messages 19 131 Tenses - Usage 67108 Consolidation 22 132 Consolidation 69

Week 19Week 19Week 19 Week 23Week 23Week 23109 Singular & Plural - 1 24 133 Descriptors - 1 70110 Singular & Plural - 2 26 134 Descriptors - 2 72111 Aʼ, ʻAnʼ & ʻTheʼ 29 135 Two Truths and a Lie 74112 Letʼs Talk 32 136 Comparisons - 1 75113 Pointing Out 33 137 Comparisons - 2 77114 Consolidation 35 138 Consolidation 80

Week 20Week 20Week 20 Week 24Week 24Week 24115 Subject Verb Agreement - 1 37 139 Reported & Direct Speech 81116 Subject Verb Agreement - 2 39 140 Reported Speech 83117 Phrases 41 141 Role Play 85118 Phrases - Usage 43 142 Direct Speech 86119 Proverbs 45 143 Punctuate 88120 Consolidation 46 144 Consolidation 90

! Appendix! Learning Contract

# Topic Page # # Topic Page #

1 Phrases 93 1 Learning Contract 3

2 Learning Contract - Review 91

Student Workbook


INTRODUCTION (REVIEW)

A. Write 10 sentences to introduce yourself.

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B.Write 5 sentences to introduce a famous person (dead or alive).

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Week 17

LESSON 97

PHONICS (REVIEW)________________________________________________________________________________

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6

Week 17

LESSON 98

Created by AOL Foundation for AAM Foundation

SAFETY AND GOOD HEALTH (REVIEW)

A. Your younger brother has just started riding his motor cycle. What 5 things will you tell him so that he drives safely. Write in complete sentences.

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B.Your friend has been very ill. The doctor says that he has been eating unhealthy food from unhygienic places. Write a conversation of 10 sentences between you and your friend advising him about healthy eating habits.

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Week 17

LESSON 99


MONEY AND SHOPPING (REVIEW)

A. Your friend from Germany is visiting India. He / she wants to go shopping for gifts to take back with him / her. Write a brief conversation between you and your friend using 5Ws and 1H.

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B. Your family and you are visiting a restaurant and order your favorite food. When the food is served, the quality of food and the service is very disappointing. You complain to the restaurant manager about it. Write a brief conversation between you and the restaurant manager in not less than 10 sentences.

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8

Week 17

LESSON 100


AT THE OFFICE (REVIEW)

A. The office secretary was absent and you have been asked to take over her responsibilities. You take two calls in the morning. Fill up the telephone message cards below giving all relevant information about the calls you received.

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Week 17


LESSON 101

Telephone Message Card 1

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Telephone Message Card 2

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B. You have been invited by the Principal of a school to make a presentation to the students telling them about different professions.

i. Make a list of items you need for the presentation

a. _______________________________________________________________

b. _______________________________________________________________

c. _______________________________________________________________

d. _______________________________________________________________

e. _______________________________________________________________

ii. Write down the details of the professions you will talk about.

Profession Details (at least 2)

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Week 17


CONSOLIDATIONA. You have been selected to participate in the Master Chef TV program. You need to talk

about your food likes and dislikes and set a table for 2 persons.Write your speech introducing yourself and sharing details about your likes and dislikes about food (10 - 15 sentences).

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Set the table for two persons (non-Indian food)

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Week 17

LESSON 102


VERBAL AND NON VERBAL- MESSAGES

A. Message

B. Verbal Communication

i. Meeting with friend

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Week 18


LESSON 103

Me Friend

Message

ii. Asking for directions

C. Non-verbal Communication

Write the feeling / emotion / message shown in the picture:

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Week 18


Me Stranger

VERBAL COMMUNICATION

A. Reading comprehension

Read the newspaper article below and answer the following questions:

1. If you were flying from India to London, where in London would you land?________________________________________________________________________________

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2. Within London, how can you travel from one place to another?________________________________________________________________________________

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3. What is interesting about the Tower Bridge?________________________________________________________________________________

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4. What type of people live in London?________________________________________________________________________________

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5. Name 3 places in London that you would like to visit?________________________________________________________________________________

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Week 18


LESSON 104

London is the capital of United Kingdom (UK) and one of the important cities in the world. It is located by River Thames and is a center of trade and banking. Every year millions of people from all over the world come to London as tourists and to learn English.

London has two big international airports - Heathrow and Gatwick. Londonʼs underground railways is the oldest in the world and is called The Tube. London is also famous for its red double-decker buses.

Another place of tourist interest is the royal palace, The Buckingham Palace. The Tower of London and Tower Bridge are popular places in London. The Tower Bridge can be raised to let the ships pass through. Big Ben, the clock towerʼs famous bell has been chiming for more than hundred years. There are many such interesting places to see in London.

The currency used in London is pound sterling (£). People from different parts of the world have made London their home. It is a busy city known for its culture, history, business and entertainment.

B. Picture composition

Look at the picture below and write a story of 10 sentences about it:

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Week 18


SUMMARIZE

A. News article

This news article appeared in the Times of India on August 22nd, 2012. Your friend Dinesh likes to watch movies. Summarize this news article in 3-4 short sentences and tell your friend about it.

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Week 18


LESSON 105

First Delhi International Film Festival in December 2012New Delhi: After Habitat Film Festival and Osianʼs Film Festival, Delhi will play host to another film festival this year. On the occasion of 100 years of Indian cinema and the 100th year of the capital city, comes the first Delhi International Film Festival (DIFF), which will be held from Dec 21-27, 2012 at Siri Fort Auditorium and NDMC Convention Centre. The event will showcase at least 150 films from nearly 70 countries, organizers said. Director-actor Tigmanshu Dhulia, one of the festivalʼs advisory board members, inaugrated the website along with actor Shiney Ahuja, also a board member, on Tuesday. The chairman of the board is Malayalam filmmaker Adoor Gopalakrishnan, while the other members include Anurag Kashyap, Shriram Raghavan and Yashpal Sharma. A special section on Indian cinema will have films by Gopalakrishnan, along with other sections on films by Soumitra Chatterjee, Dev Anand and Balraj Sahni. A section called NRI Cinema will also be included. “Thereʼs a huge problem of Indian filmmakers living abroad not being able to showcase their work,” Dhulia told TOI. The section will show 15 films by NRIs like ʻA Gran Planʼ by Sangeeta Nambiyar of Singapore, ʻOasʼ by Shiv Tiwari of New York, ʻThe Happy Pulseʼ by Jay Bajaj of Canada and ʻChildren of Godʼ by Foukia Akhtar of UAE. It will also present a special award to the legendary actress Zohra Sehgal, who recently completed 100 years of her life.

Meenakshi Sinha TNN

B. Summarize (in 3 - 4 sentences)

i. A funny incident (real or imaginary).

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ii. Your dream job.

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iii. Most memorable day of your life.

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Week 18


MAIN IDEAA. Summary and main idea

Summarize the above paragraph in 2 sentences._____________________________________________________________________________

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Write the main idea of the paragraph._____________________________________________________________________________

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B. Summary and main idea

Summarize the above paragraph in 2 sentences._____________________________________________________________________________

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Write the main idea of the paragraph._____________________________________________________________________________

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Week 18

LESSON 106


MOVIESGoing to the movies has become a weekend pastime for many people. It is expensive these days, yet many people go to watch movies. While some movies have excellent story, characterization and cinematography, others are simply horrible in every way. Once in a while, a film comes along that will be remembered for a long time as a magnificent film, one that touches the lives of people. And really, isn't that all people are really looking for as they stand in long queues, weekend after weekend? It must be, otherwise people would rather save their money and stay home.

CLASSROOMSThe physical environment of a classroom is extremely important because it can influence the way teachers and students feel, think, and behave. If a student feels pressured, under stress, unhappy, or unsafe, it would be impossible for her or him to learn the lessons planned by the teacher. Likewise, if a teacher feels unhappy because of lack of organization, the ability for her to teach is greatly diminished. The environment of a classroom provides security, social contact, joy, and learning. For real learning and teaching to take place, these needs must be met by effective use of classroom space.

SHORT MESSAGES

A. Birthday noteIt is your brotherʼs birthday tomorrow. Write a short message on the birthday card below:

B. Thank you noteYour uncle gave you a lovely present for Diwali. Write a thank you note to him.

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Week 18


LESSON 107

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C. Congratulatory noteYour friend has passed his exams. Write a congratulatory note.

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D. Get well soon note

Your aunt is unwell and hospitalised. Write a get well soon message for her.

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Week 18


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E. Bon voyage noteYour friend is going for a holiday. Write a note to wish him safe travels.

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Week 18


CONSOLIDATION

A. Read the advertisement given below and explain the message:

_This advertisement is about the job/position of Pizza Delivery Boy._________________

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Week 18


LESSON 108

PIZZA DELIVERY BOYPart time - Sat / Sun. Timings: 6 - 10 pm.

Drivers license mustCall Dominoes - 124 - 623 - 9331

SALES PERSONFull time. Minimum 3 years experience

Apply in person. Must speak good EnglishCall Furniture Mart - 124 - 623 - 9331

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II

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i. Would you like to rent this house? Give reasons for your answer.

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i. Would you like to buy this car? Give reason/s for your answer.

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Week 18


HOUSE FOR RENT1 bed; 1 bath; 1 Kitchen. Rent Rs. 10,000 pm.

AC. New LocalityCall - 124 - 623 - 9331

FOR SALE2006 Red. Toyota Corolla. Excellent condition.

20,640 KMs. Rs. 5 lacs.Call - 124 - 623 - 9331

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IV

SINGULAR AND PLURAL - 1

A. Quantity of objects/ people/ places:

Singular means one of something while plural means more than one of something.

Singular Plural

Brick Bricks

Dog Dogs

Boy Boys

B. Changing singular to plural

i. Adding ʻsʼ :

Some words can be changed from singular to plural by adding ʻsʼ after the word.

Singular PluralPlural

A car

+ s

Four cars

A lamp

+ s

Six lamps

A hat

+ sA cup

+ sA desk

+ s

A game

+ s

A pencil

+ s

A bike

+ s

Exercise

Change the underlined words into plural and rewrite the sentence:

Singular Plural

I have a car.

Please serve tea in a cup.

I need to buy a sari.

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Week 19


LESSON 109

ii. Adding ʻesʼ:

Words that ends with s, sh, x, ch, j or z can be changed from singular to plural by adding ʻesʼ after the word.


A box

+ es

Four boxes

A sandwich

+ es

Some

A dish+ es

Many

A kiss+ es

A bus

+ es

A few

A quiz

+ es

Exercise

Change the underlined words into plural and rewrite the sentence.

Singular Plural

Rajat gave me a watch.

I have a wish.

The fox ran very fast.

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Week 19


SINGULAR AND PLURAL - 2A. To change words ending with ʻyʼ into plural:

i. If there is a vowel before ʻyʼ, add ʻsʼ after the word:


A day

+ s

Seven days

A toy+ s

A guy+ s

A key

+ s

ii. If there is a consonant before ʻyʼ, change ʻyʼ to ʻiʼ and add ʻesʼ


A body

Change ʻyʼ to ʻiʼ

+ ʻesʼ

A lot of bodies

A country


+ ʻesʼ

A story Change ʻyʼ to ʻiʼ

+ ʻesʼA lady


+ ʻesʼA city


+ ʻesʼ

A penny


+ ʻesʼ

A party


+ ʻesʼ

B. To change words ending with ʻfʼ or ʻfeʼ into plural:

i. For some words add ʻsʼ


A brief

+ ʻsʼ

Some briefs

A proof

+ ʻsʼA roof

+ ʻsʼA handkerchief

+ ʻsʼ

A dwarf

+ ʻsʼ

A giraffe

+ ʻsʼ

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Week 19


LESSON 110

ii. For some words change ʻfʼ or ʻfeʼ to ʻvʼ and add ʻesʼ-


A calf

Change ʻfʼ or ʻfeʼ to ʻvʼ

+ ʻesʼ

Five calves

HalfChange ʻfʼ or ʻfeʼ to ʻvʼ

+ ʻesʼ

A knifeChange ʻfʼ or ʻfeʼ to ʻvʼ

+ ʻesʼA life


+ ʻesʼSelf


+ ʻesʼ

A thief


+ ʻesʼ

C. Some words follow no rules:

Singular Plural

Man Men

Woman Women

Foot Feet

Child Children

Tooth Teeth

Mouse Mice

D. Some words remain unchanged in their plural form:


Sheep Three sheep

Deer

Fish

Hair

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Week 19


E. Exercise

Write the plural of the following words:


Pen

Person

Home

Thirty

Fish

Tree

Branch

Man

Woman

Child

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Week 19


ʻAʼ, ʻANʼ AND ʻTHEʼA. A singular word, that is not specific, usually has ʻaʼ or ʻanʼ before it.

B. Note - With few use ʻaʼ - a few boy, a few chairs etc. With lot of, use ʻaʼ - a lot of noise, a lot of love etc.

C. Exercisesi. Complete the following sentences using ʻaʼ or ʻanʼ:

1. We saw _________ elephant at the zoo.2. Uttar Pradesh is _________ large state.3. I use _________ umbrella when it rains.4. It has been _________ hour since he left.

ii. Make 2 sentences using ʻaʼ:

iii. Make 2 sentences using ʻanʼ :

Rules:1. If a singular countable noun starts with a consonant sound, write ʻaʼ before it.

Example:a. This is a chair.b. ____________________________________________________.

2. If a singular countable noun starts with a vowel sound, write ʻanʼ before it.Example:

a. This is an apple.b. ____________________________________________________.

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Week 19


LESSON 111

1. ____________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________

1. ____________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________

iv. Look at the picture below and describe it by answering the questions given below:

1. What do you see on the top shelf?2. What kind of dresses are the dolls wearing?3. What do you see on the right side of the second shelf?4. What is on the left side of the second shelf? What do you think they contain?5. What is on the left side on the bottom shelf?6. What do you see in the middle of the bottom shelf?

Begin your answer like this:

The top shelf is full of dolls. ____________________________________________

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Week 19


D. Use of ʻtheʼSometimes ʻthe” is used before singular and sometimes before plural words.

Rules:

1. For something that has already been mentioned before:

Examples:

i) I saw a lovely red jacket yesterday. The jacket was very expensive.

ii) Boys climbed a guava tree. The tree was full of dirt. The boys got dirty.

2. For something that both the speaker and the listener know about:

Examples:

i) Where are my shoes? They are on the rack.

ii) How did you get here? I took the same train as you.

3. For some specific group of things:

Examples:

i) The boys of my class are going for a picnic.

ii) The Himalayas are in India.

iii) The giraffe in our resort is taller than all other aminals.

D. Exercise:Put ʻtheʼ in the correct place and rewrite the sentences:1. He is best teacher in my school.

___________________________________________________________________2. Hurry up! Movie starts in 15 minutes.

___________________________________________________________________3. Red apples from this tree are sweet.

___________________________________________________________________4. What time does party begin?

___________________________________________________________________5. I have read book that won Pulitzer prize last year.

___________________________________________________________________E. Incorrect usage of Articles - ʻAʼ, ʻAnʼ and ʻTheʼDo not use ʻaʼ, ʻanʼ or ʻtheʼ before the name of a particular person (Ravi), place (Delhi), sport (Hockey), subject (Science) etc.

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Week 19


LETʼS TALK

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Week 19

LESSON 112

POINTING OUT

A. ʻThisʼ, ʻThatʼ, ʻThoseʼ and ʻTheseʼ

Words like ʻthisʼ, ʻthatʼ, ʻthoseʼ and ʻtheseʼ are used to point out things and people.

B. Exercises:

1. Complete the sentences with ʻthisʼ, ʻthatʼ, ʻtheseʼ and ʻthoseʼ:

i. How much are ________ hats? (near)

ii. Look at ________ stars!

iii. Please bring ________ fan closer to me.

iv. ________ pens are mine. (near)

v. ________ boats sailed away.

vi. ________ is my house, and ________ is my uncleʼs house over there.

vii. How much do apples cost? (far)

viii. I have shirts (near) but I want (far).

ix. is not fair ! (near)

x. was not my fault. (far)

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Week 19


LESSON 113

ʻThisʼ and ʻTheseʼ

We use ʻthisʼ and ʻtheseʼ for things or people that are near us.

ʻThisʼ - Singular# ʻTheseʼ - Plural

Examples

This is my book. These are my books.

This boy runs fast, These boys run fast.

ʻThatʼ and ʻThoseʼ

We use ʻthatʼ and ʻthoseʼ for things or people that are not near us.

ʻThatʼ - Singular# ʻThoseʼ - Plural

Examples

Where did that car come from?

Where did those cars come from?

That boy in the corner is my brother.

Those boys in the corner are my friends.

2. Make 2 sentences using singular and near:

3. Make 2 sentences using plural and far:

4. Make 2 sentences using singular and far:

5. Make 2 sentences using plural and near:

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Week 19


i)

ii)

i)

ii)

i)

ii)

i)

ii)

CONSOLIDATION

A. Fill the blank spaces with ʻaʼ, ʻanʼ and ʻtheʼ or leave blank if none is appropriate:

i) ______________ Paris is ______________ capital of France.

ii) I have been playing ______________ football for three years.

iii) I am ______________ only person in class who speaks ______________ English.

iv) I have ______________ house.

v) Can I have ______________ few candies?

vi) Letʼs meet tomorrow to play ______________ cricket for ______________ hour.

B. Fill the blank spaces with ʻaʼ, ʻanʼ and ʻtheʼ:

C. Change the underlined words into plural and rewrite the sentence using ʻtheʼ at the correct place:

Example:

Boy of my class are going home now.The boys of my class are going home now.

1. Salman Khan and Hritik Roshan are main actor in movie.

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2. Two knife that I bought yesterday, are very sharp.

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3. Two deer were eating rice from yellow lunchbox.

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4. Ask man to stand near door and woman to stand near gate.

Rahul, ______________ old friend of mine, used to work in Lucknow. He had

______________ good job in one of ______________ biggest restaurants in

______________ city. He was ______________ honest, hard-working chef, but

he hated his job. So he decided to resign and become ______________ cricketer

instead. Now Rahul spends his days playing cricket on ______________ banks of

River Gomti. It is not ______________ easy life, but it makes him happy.


Week 19

LESSON 114

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5. Country on east, see sunrise first.

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6. Handkerchief on sale were faded.

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7. I have lost key to my house.

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8. Man who stole ladyʼs bag were in their thirty.

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9. African lady have curly hair.

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D. Make 2 sentences using:

This1.

This2.

That1.

That2.


Week 19

SUBJECT - VERB AGREEMENT 1(ʻISʼ & ʻAREʼ)

A. Subject in a sentence

B. Exercise - Underline the subject in the sentences below:

1. Movie stars are very popular.

2. Sahil put up a good performance in the movie.

3. The piano keys are broken.

4. Old Delhi shops are popular with tourists.

5. The puppet show for children was a big success.

6. The box of chocolates is broken.

7. All students are late.

8. Fifty percent of the Studentsʼ Union is against the rule.

9. Ram or his sister has been given the award.

10. Sophia and her mother are planning to go for the movie tomorrow.

C. From the above write down the number of statement where the subject is singular/plural:

Singular Subject Plural Subjects

2, 1,

Subject is the thing or person that the sentence is about.Example:

a. My brother wears a hat.The sentence is about ʻmy brotherʼ and describes what he wears.

b. This book belongs to Kabir.The sentence is about ʻthis bookʼ and describes its ownership.

c. These men in red shirts are from India.The sentence is about ʻ__________________ʼ and describes where they are from.

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Week 20


LESSON 115

D. Rules:

E. Exercise:

Make any of the 5 sentences given above into questions:

1. ________________________________________________________________.

2. ________________________________________________________________.

3. ________________________________________________________________.

4. ________________________________________________________________.

5. ________________________________________________________________.

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Week 20


Subject Verb Sentence

I am I am very happy.

You are

He/She/It is

We are

You are

They are

Some/All are

Either/Neither is

Any/Each is

SUBJECT - VERB AGREEMENT 2A. Verb in a Sentence:

B. Exercise:

Write the subject and verb for the given sentence:

Verbs are action words. E.g. run, eat, sleep, work, etc. They tell us what the subject is doing.

Example:a. Sandeep talks very fast.b. Akeeb sleeps in the day and works at night.

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Week 20


LESSON 116

Sentence Subject Verb

My brother runs in the morning.

I sing in competitions.

You eat a lot of junk food.

Subject Verb Sentence

I run/sing/eat

You run/sing/eat

He/She/It runs/sings/eats

We run/sing/eat

You run/sing/eat

They run/sing/eat

Some/All run/sing/eat

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the action words (given in bracket):1. Mrs. Singh ______________ (bake) tasty cakes.2. I ______________ (write) a letter to my friend everyday.3. My sister and I ______________ (need) more paint for her artwork.4. We ______________ (love) your red dress.5. But you and your brothers______________ (work) in the hospital.

C. Rules:

D. Exercise:

Complete the following sentences with the correct action verb (given in the brackets):

1. My aunt or my cousin ______________ (is / are) arriving by train today.2. A car and a bike ______________ (is / are) my favorite means of transport.3. Each of the girls ______________ (sing / sings) well.4. All of the cake ______________ (is / are) missing.5. There ______________ (is / are) four boxes to pack.6. There ______________ (is / are) a box for us to carry.7. Salma ______________ (write / writes) good reports.8. Ravi and Shahnawaaz ______________ (come / comes) late for class

everyday.9. The river ______________ (flood / floods) during monsoons.

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Week 20


PHRASESA. Subject verb agreement (Recap)

B. What is a phrase?

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Week 20


LESSON 117

Everyone need calcium for health. Calcium are important for strong teeths and bones. Shortage of calcium can be serious problems. Many woman in India have less calcium in their body. This make bones weak and they breaks easily. Milk and spinach is high in calcium. Childs who are growing up also needs lot of calcium to grow strong bone and teeths.

Rewrite correctly:

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Sometimes two or more words are used together to mean something. These are called phrases.

Example:

a. Key words: main words. b. Road signs: large board and banners on the road with a message.

C. Common business phrases:

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Week 20


i) For apologizing! I am sorry for the delay in ...! I regret the inconvenience caused by ...! I would like to apologise for ...

ii) For ordering! I would like to place an order for ...! I would like to cancel my order for ...! I confirm receipt of your order for ...! Sorry, these items are out of stock.

iii) Attaching / enclosing documents! I am enclosing / attaching ...! Please find enclosed / attached ...

iv) Closing remarks! For further details ...! Thank you for your interest / assistance.! I / We look forward to hearing from you.! I would appreciate a reply at the earliest convenience.! Tell me about yourself.! We will be in touch.! Our best offer is...

v) Presentation! The topic of my presentation today is...! The purpose of this presentation is to...! Letʼs start with...! I would like to show you...! Letʼs move on.! I would like to explain...! I would like to end my presentation with...! I would like to invite any questions that you may have.

PHRASES - USAGE

A. ExerciseChose one of the situations given below and write a transcript of your conversation in about 25 sentences using phrases.1. You and your friend had planned to go shopping for clothes but he/she got busy with

work and forgot to come. After waiting for sometime, you make a call to your friend. Write a transcript of the conversation (You can partner with a classmate for this exercise).

OR2. Your friend wants to come to the FEC center but does not know the way. You make a

phone call to give him directions from your house to the center. Write a transcript of the conversation (You can partner with a classmate for this exercise).

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Week 20


LESSON 118

B. ExerciseChose one of the situations given below and write a transcript of your conversation in about 25 sentences using phrases.1. You have to make a presentation about your city to some foreign tourists. Make a

presentation script.OR

2. You work in the sales department of a food store. Write a transcript of conversation between you and a caller who wants to order food for a party at his house (You can partner with a classmate for this exercise).

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Week 20


PROVERBS

A. What is a proverb?

B. Examples:

Proverbs Meaning

1 __________________________________________________________________________________________

2 __________________________________________________________________________________________

3 __________________________________________________________________________________________

4 __________________________________________________________________________________________

5 __________________________________________________________________________________________

6 __________________________________________________________________________________________

7 __________________________________________________________________________________________

8 __________________________________________________________________________________________

9 __________________________________________________________________________________________

10 __________________________________________________________________________________________

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Week 20


LESSON 119

Proverbs are short statements of wisdom and advise have been passed on from one generation to another. Example:

a. A friend in need is a friend indeed.b. A rotten apple spoils the barrel.

CONSOLIDATION

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Week 20


LESSON 120

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DICTIONARY SKILLS 1FINDING THE WORD

A. What is a dictionary?

A dictionary is a book that has words listed alphabetically. It tells us how to pronounce the word, its meaning and what part of speech it is.

B. Alphabetize:

Write A - Z in an order.

C. Finding a word in the dictionary:

1. Words appear alphabetically in the dictionary. So to find a word in the dictionary, we look at the first letter of the word.

Exercise:

Write ordinal numbers against the words as they appear in the dictionary:

2. If two or more words have the same first letter, then look at the second letter of the words to find which will come first in the dictionary.

Exercise:

Write ordinal numbers against the words as they appear in the dictionary:

____ , ____ , ____ , ____ , ____ , ____ , ____ , ____ , ____ , ____ , ____ , ____ , ____ ,

____ , ____ , ____ , ____ , ____ , ____ , ____ , ____ , ____ , ____ , ____ , ____ , ____ ,

Clown ! :! ______Rain ! ! :! ______List ! ! :! ______Go ! ! :! ______Body ! ! :! __1st__

Describe ! :! ______Dive ! ! :! ______Danger ! :! __1st__Duty ! ! :! ______Drop ! ! :! ______

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Week 21


LESSON 121

3. If the first two letters of two or more words are common, we look at the third letter to find which will appear first in the dictionary.

Exercise:

Rearrange the following words in order of appearance in the dictionary:

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Week 21


1. depart , demon , define , destroy______________ , ______________ , ______________ , _______________ 2. option, open , opposite , opal______________ , ______________ , ______________ , _______________ 3. subject , sunny , suffer , sunk______________ , ______________ , ______________ , _______________ 4. forearm, foreigner, forefinger, forfeit______________ , ______________ , ______________ , _______________ 5. inconsequent, inconsistent, inconsiderate, inconvenience______________ , ______________ , ______________ , _______________

DICTIONARY SKILLS - 2FINDING THE MEANING

A. Finding meaning:

In the dictionary, one word may have more than one meaning. While using the dictionary for the meaning of the word, you have to chose the meaning that makes sense within the sentence.

Exercise:

Read the following sentences and find the meaning of underlined words. Discuss with your partner, and write the suitable meaning in your own words.

1. In older times, soldiers used bows and arrows to fight.Meaning: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

2. Taxi charges in Mumbai are very high.Meaning: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

3. There were delegates from different countries at the conference.Meaning: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

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Week 21


LESSON 122

Examples:i) I play with the a bat and ball.

Dictionary meanings of ʻbatʼ:

a. A piece of sports equipment # #

b. An animal# # # # # #

ii) I was asked to pay a fine.Dictionary meanings of ʻfineʼ:

a. Of good quality # # # #

b. Money to be paid as punishment# #

4. The painter has given a shiny finish to the portrait.

Meaning: _______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________.

5. Lead the group in this activity.

Meaning: _______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________.

6. Thank you so much for the lovely present.

Meaning: _______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________.

7. Do not tear the book.

Meaning: _______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________.

8. You need to wind the clock to make it work.

Meaning: _______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________.

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Week 21


WORDMAPA. Wordmap

Exercise

Complete the wordmap for the following sentences:

51

Week 21


LESSON 123

As used in the sentenceHe saw a peculiar

animal.

Dictionary meaning

odd, special, strange, unusual.

VisualConnection

Used in my sentenceMy brother has the

peculiar habit of walking in his sleep.

Peculiar

As used in the sentenceThere was a loud

applause to her singing.

Dictionary meaning

VisualConnection

Used in my sentence

_________

A

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Week 21


As used in the sentenceI apologized to my boss

for coming late.

Dictionary meaning

VisualConnection

Used in my sentence

_________

B

As used in the sentenceI have an appointment with

the dentist this evening.

Dictionary meaning

VisualConnection

Used in my sentence

_________

C

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Week 21


As used in the sentenceThe shops are full of

new products.

Dictionary meaning

VisualConnection

Used in my sentence

_________

D

CONVERSATION

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Week 21


LESSON 124

DICTIONARY WIZA. Exercises

With your partner, read the instructions carefully in each section. You can speak with your partner only in English. Complete each section and keep a score of who gets it first.

1. Find these words in your dictionary and write down what page they are on.

! baby _________! icing _________

! gate _________! radio _________

! cheese ________! walk __________

2. Put a circle around the word which would be found FIRST in the dictionary

! wagon! peach! add! chance

3. Put a circle around the word which would be found LAST in the dictionary

! string! engine! pay! bird

4. Put a circle around the word that would come FIRST in the dictionary.

! four! fat ! few! full

5. Put a circle around the word that would come LAST in the dictionary.

! dirty! dance! drive! dump

6. On what page does the ʻjʼ section start in your dictionary? _______

7. Look at the following meanings and guess which word is being described. Find the word in the dictionary and write which page you found it on.

a. A pipe that carries water away under the ground.

Answer: Drain. Page 70

b. The red liquid that is inside our body.

Answer: ___________. Page .

c. A liquid with a nice smell that you put on your skin.

Answer: ___________ ___________

d. An animal that has four legs and a hard shell over its body. It moves slowly and hides under its shell when in danger.

Answer: ___________ ___________

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Week 21


LESSON 125

CONSOLIDATION


Week 21

LESSON 126

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TENSES - PRESENT TENSEA. Past, Present, Future:

Future

tomorrow, next week, next year...

PRESENT

... last year, last week, yesterday

Past

now

B. Present Tense:

Examples:

1. My friends study English everyday.

2. He studies English everyday.

Exercise:

a. Complete the following sentences in simple present tense:

Rule

For actions that are generally true or repetitive, we use the action word as it is or in its plural form.

Recall: Subject-verb agreement (Lesson 19 and 20)I sing! ! ! He sings! ! They singYou sing! ! She sings! ! We sing

i. Does he _______________?

ii. He _______________ his breakfast at 8:00 am everyday.

iii. Sometimes I _______________ my father in his work.

iv. I must __________ everyday for 30 minutes.

v. The box of chocolates _______________ Rs. 100.

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Week 22


LESSON 127

b. Rewrite the following sentences correctly:

Examples:

1. I am learning English.

2. The teacher is teaching English.

3. My friends are playing in the park, but I am sitting in the class.

Exercise:

Write the verb on the line and add the ending “ing” at the end. Write a sentence for each word:

i. Everyday Mr. Batra clean his house.__________________________________________________________

ii. Raju work in the bank.__________________________________________________________

iii) The students completes their work regularly.__________________________________________________________

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Week 22


play ! ___playing_______. ____I am playing with my friends right now___.climb !______________. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________.look ! ______________. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________.draw ! ______________. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________.jump ! ______________. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________.

RuleFor actions that are happening right now as we speak (not in the past, nor in the future), we add “ing”

FuturePastPRESENT

tomorrow, next week, next year...... last year, last week, yesterday now

Examples:

1. Please believe me, I am begging you.

2. Samir was speeding and he had no intention of stopping the car.

3. Seema for punished for hitting her friend Radha.

Exercise:

Add “ing” to the verbs. Donʼt forget to double the last consonant. Write a sentence for each word:

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Week 22


cry " ______________. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________.see " ______________. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________.read " ______________. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________.hold " ______________. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Rule

If the letters of action word are in the sequence consonant+stressed vowel+consonant, double the last letter of the word before adding ʻingʼ.

Run " ___running_____. The dog is running away with my shoe in his mouth.sit " ______________. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________.plan " ______________. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________.beg " ______________. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________.zip " ______________. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________.get " ______________. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________.hum " ______________. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Examples:

1. Are you coming to the college tomorrow?

2. Samir is having a party for his birthday next month.

3. My friend Shamsher is making a special dinner this evening.

Exercise:

Add “ing” to the verbs. Donʼt forget to drop the silent ʻeʼ. Write a sentence for each word:

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Week 22


kid # ______________. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________.swim # ______________. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Rule

If the letters of the action word are in the sequence vowel+consonant+ʼeʼ, drop the ʻeʼ and add ʻingʼ.

ride # riding . I am riding a horse at the farm _____________________________________________________________.skate #______________. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________.take # ______________. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________.give # ______________. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________.bite # ______________. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________.rake # ______________. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________.smile #______________. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________.slide # ______________. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________.drive # ______________. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________.

TENSES - PAST TENSEA. Review Exercise:

i. Read the story. Chose the correct present tense and fill in the blank:!

i) Look at each picture below. Add “ing” to the verb, make sentences to go with the pictures.

1. _____________________________

____________________________(run)

2. _____________________________

__________________________(climb)

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Week 22


LESSON 128

The bell ______________. The children ______________ in line. Geeta! ! ringing!! ! ! get, gets

______________ in the front. Then she ______________ to the playground. stand, stands! ! ! ! walk, walks

First, she ______________ down the slide. Next she ______________ on the ! ! go, goes! ! ! ! ! climb, climbs

jungle gym. Geeta and her friends love to ______________ rope. Then they ! ! ! ! ! ! jump , jumps

______________ basketball. Geeta ______________ the bell. She play, plays!! ! ! ! hear, hears

______________ and ______________ in the line. Geeta ______________ to her run, runs! ! stand, stands! ! ! ! talk, talks

friends. Interval is over.

I am! He is! She is! It is! You are! They are! We are

3. _____________________________

__________________________(sleep)

4. _____________________________

____________________________(eat)

5. _____________________________

__________________________(smile)

6. _____________________________

_________________________(dance)

B. Past Tense:

For actions that happened and finished before now are written using past tense.

FuturePastPRESENT


Examples:

1. I learned English last year.

2. The teacher taught till 10:00 p.m. yesterday.

3. My friends played a soccer match last week.

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Week 22


Exercise:

Read the story. Make the past tense of the verbs by adding ʻedʼ and write them on the line to complete the story.

Last year for my birthday, my mother __________ a cake. She also __________! bake! organize

a secret birthday party for me. My friends __________ the secret and _________! guard! knock

on the door in the evening. Then they __________ for a place to hide.! look

I __________ the door. They __________ “Surprise!”. I __________.! open! shout! scream

Everyone __________. Then we __________ games and __________ the gifts.! laugh! play! open

It was time for cutting the cake. Everyone __________. I __________.! enjoy! smile

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Week 22


Rule:

For some action words, we add ʻedʼ after the word to use it in past tense.

TENSES - FUTURE TENSEA. Review

Find the past tense of these verbs and write them on the line.

Word Past tense Word Past tense Word Past tense

begin _________ get _________ run _________

bite _________ give _________ say _________

blow _________ go _________ see _________

break _________ grow _________ sell _________

build _________ have _________ shake _________

bring _________ hide _________ sing _________

buy _________ hear _________ shoot _________

catch _________ hold _________ sit _________

can _________ hurt _________ speak _________

choose _________ keep _________ stand _________

come _________ know _________ sleep _________

dig _________ lay _________ spend _________

do _________ lead _________ steal _________

drink _________ leave _________ swim _________

drive _________ lie _________ smell _________

draw _________ light _________ take _________

eat _________ lose _________ teach _________

fall _________ make _________ tell _________

fit _________ mean _________ think _________

feed _________ meet _________ throw _________

find _________ mistake _________ wear _________

feel _________ pay _________ wake _________

fly _________ put _________ win _________

forget _________ read _________ write _________

forgive _________ ride _________ understand _________

freeze _________ ring _________

fight _________ rise _________

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Week 22


LESSON 129

B. Future Tense:

For action that has not happened or is happening, but will happen after now, we use future tense:

Examples:

1. I will learn English next year.

2. The teacher will teach me a new lesson tomorrow.

3. My friends will play a soccer match next Monday.

C. Exercise:

Read the story. Use the verbs in future tense by adding the helping verb ʻwillʼ to the main verb to complete the story.

Next month, the space craft ____________ off! It ____________ on Mars. The! blast! land

astronauts ____________ out of the ship. They ____________ in space. They! get! walk

____________ weightless. One astronaut ____________ information, second! be! gather

____________ the rover and the third ____________ for Martians! Do you think ! drive! look

the astronaut ____________ them? Then the astronauts ____________ back to ! find! come

earth. Their families ____________ them.! greet

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Week 22


PastPRESENT


Future

Rule:

For some action words, we add ʻwillʼ before the main verb.

CONVERSATION

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Week 22


LESSON 130

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TENSES - USAGEA. Exercises

ii. Read and match:

ii. Complete the sentence by writing the correct word in the blank:

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Week 22


A B

1. My cycle has a flat tyre! Iʼm sorry. I will buy you a new one tomorrow.

2. Look! Youʼve broken my pen. Wait, I will answer it.

3. The phone is ringing. I will give you more mangoes but first eat the vegetables.

4. Do not forget to bring your project report.

Donʼt worry, I will take you home.

5. I donʼt like vegetables but I love mangoes.

No, I will watch it this Sunday.

6. What will the weather be like for the match on Sunday?

I think it will be fine.

7. Have you watched the latest Shah Rukh Khan movie?

I will remember to bring it.

LESSON 131

1. I ____________ a CD for you at the shopping center.

2. I ____________ return your Rs. 100 next week.

3. I ____________ late today, but I ____________ on time yesterday.

4. Did you ____________ your room?

5. I often ____________ on the floor.

6. Bobby ____________ his book in the center.

7. I ____________ dinner with my friends last weekend.

8. The police ____________ the thief who ____________ my motorbike.

iii. For each of the words below, make 3 sentences (past, present and future):

1. Spend:

Past:! __________________________________________________________

Present:! __________________________________________________________

Future:! __________________________________________________________

2. Bring:

Past:! __________________________________________________________

Present:! __________________________________________________________

Future:! __________________________________________________________

3. Give:

Past:! __________________________________________________________

Present:! __________________________________________________________

Future:! __________________________________________________________

4. Sleep:

Past:! __________________________________________________________

Present:! __________________________________________________________

Future:! __________________________________________________________

5. Speak:

Past:! __________________________________________________________

Present:! __________________________________________________________

Future:! __________________________________________________________

6. Know:

Past:! __________________________________________________________

Present:! __________________________________________________________

Future:! __________________________________________________________

7. Fall:

Past:! __________________________________________________________

Present:! __________________________________________________________

Future:! __________________________________________________________

8. Lost:

Past:! __________________________________________________________

Present:! __________________________________________________________

Future:! __________________________________________________________

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Week 22


CONSOLIDATION


Week 22

LESSON 132

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DESCRIPTORS - 1A. Exercise:

1. Write the best describing word from the box for the events given below:

amusing disgusting satisfying annoying depressing

enchanting terrifying moving relaxing boring

a) I had a very good meal. " ______________

b) I was very angry when they didnʼt answer the phone. " ______________

c) The music was very melodius and made me feel magical. " ______________

d) The massage took away all my stress. " ______________

e) My room was dirty and made me feel sick. " ______________

f) The story was very funny and made me laugh. " ______________

g) The news was very bad so I felt unhappy. " ______________

h) The film was very long, slow and uninteresting. " ______________

i) The children cried when Bambiʼs mother was killed. " ______________

j) I was scared to hear your story about the air crash. " ______________

2. Look at the sentences in the exercise above and write how you felt.

a) I was satisfied._____________________________________________________

b) _________________________________________________________________

c) _________________________________________________________________

d) _________________________________________________________________

e) _________________________________________________________________

f) _________________________________________________________________

g) _________________________________________________________________

h) _________________________________________________________________

i) _________________________________________________________________

j) _________________________________________________________________

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Week 23


LESSON 133

3. Read the opinions in the box. Chose the correct word from the box and write it in the column on the right.

restaurant movie book football match hotel museum

a. The food was disgusting! Restaurant

b. I love being frightened by a good horror film.

c. The stadium was crowded with fans of the two teams.

d. I was surprised by the score at the end.

e. The special effects were amazing.

f. The last chapter is very exciting.

g. I am very interested in the old objects kept there.

h. The menu was disappointing.

i. The ancient writings were well displayed.

j. I was bored with the first chapter.

k. I was tired and wanted a nice comfortable bed.

j. I had a relaxing massage before I went to bed.

4. Write the describing word from the box on the line in front of its description.

client colleague customer employee employer manager owner staff

1. ______Staff______ a group of people who work in a company.

2. ________________ a person who works for somebody.

3. ________________ a person who employs other people.

4. ________________ a person who buys from a shop.

5. ________________ a person who receives a service from a person or a company.

6. ________________a person who works with you.

7. ________________ a person who manages a part of a company, a division or a branch.

8. ________________ a person who owns a business.

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Week 23


DESCRIPTORS - 2

A. Exercise:

1. Write the describing word from the box on the line in front of the description.

branch company chain head office multinational

1. ________________ a group of shops, hotels, etc owned by the same person or company.

2. ________________ an organisation that produces / sells goods or services.

3. ________________ a company that has offices in many countries.

4. ________________ the main office of a company.

5. ________________ one of many offices / shops of a big company.

2. Do or make? Write the descriptor in the correct column:

business with a deal a decision a job money profit

Do Make

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Week 23


LESSON 134

3. Describing clothes - Identify the description and write the number in the box.

Fit

2 1

Tight

2 1 Loose2 1

Style

1 2

Sleeveless

1 2 Long sleeves 1 2

Hood

3 4 V - neck

3 4

Pattern

Spots

Stripes

Plain

Checked

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Week 23


TWO TRUTHS AND A LIEA. Exercise

Think of one name from each category and write it in the box below. Write 2 truths and 1 lie about each name chosen (mix up the truths and a lie so that your classmates cannot identify the truths and the lie):

Category Name

1. People (real or imaginary) ______________________________________

2. Place ______________________________________

3. Object ______________________________________

4. Profession ______________________________________

5. Famous actor / actress ______________________________________

6. Pet animal ______________________________________

1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Week 23


LESSON 135

COMPARISONS - 1A. Comparison of two persons, things and actions:

For short (one syllable words) like old, small, big, tall etc, we add ʻerʼ after the word.

Examples (comparing Reena and Juhi):1. Reena is taller than Juhi.2. Juhi is shorter than Reena.3. My bag is smaller than yours.

For longer (more than one syllable) words like beautiful, interesting, intelligent, etc, we add ʻmoreʼ before the word.

Examples:1. Mrs. Singh is more graceful than Mrs. Kumar.2. Chimpanzees are more intelligent than birds.3. This examination was more difficult than the previous examination.

For some words, the last consonant is sometimes doubled during comparison and ʻerʼ added to the word.

Examples:1. Rohit is bigger than Rahul.2. This movie by Rehman is sadder than the previous one.3. This apple is redder than the one you are holding.

For words ending with ʻyʼ, ʻiʼ replaces ʻyʼ during comparison and ʻerʼ is added to the word.

Examples:1. The clothes coming out of this machine are drier than the ones from that machine.2. Sunita looks happier after marriage than she did before.

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Week 23


LESSON 136

Some words are exceptional when used for comparing objects / people / events.

Examples:1. ʻGoodʼ becomes ʻbetterʼ when used in comparison.2. ʻBadʼ becomes ʻworseʼ when used in comparison.

3. ʻFarʼ becomes ʻfartherʼ when used in comparison.

B. Exercise

Make comparative sentences:

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Week 23


1. Tom - tall - Jerry

Tom is taller than Jerry._____________________________________________

2. Europe - small - Asia

________________________________________________________________

3. Vegetable - good - sweets

________________________________________________________________

4. English - interesting - Chemistry

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5. Gold - valuable - silver

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6. A car - expensive - a bike

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7. A book - interesting - a movie

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8. English - easy - Japanese

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9. A cheetah - fast - a lion

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10. Ramʼs work - good - Jennyʼs work

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COMPARISON - 2A. Comparison of more than two persons, things and actions.

For short (single syllable) words like small, tall, etc we add ʻestʼ after the word.

Examples:1. Reena is the tallest girl in the class.2. Juhi is the oldest sister in the Sharma family.3. Sumita is the fastest runner in the team.

For longer (more than one syllable) words like beautiful, interesting, expensive etc, we use ʻmostʼ before the word.

Examples:1. Mrs Singh is the most beautiful lady in the club.2. This was the most difficult examination that I have ever taken in my life.3. India is the most interesting country in the world.

For some words, like sad, red, etc the last consonant is doubled before adding ʻestʼ to the word.

Examples:1. The day my mother died was the saddest day of my life.2. This is the reddest apple in the basket.3. In area, Russia is the biggest country of the world.

For words ending with ʻyʼ, ʻiʼ replaces ʻyʼ during comparison and ʻestʼ is added after the word.

Examples:1. Egypt is the driest country in the world, even drier than Chile in South America 2. As per the survey, the Danish people are the happiest in the world.

77

Week 23


LESSON 137

Some words are exceptional when used for comparing more than 2 objects / people / events.

Examples:1. ʻGoodʼ becomes ʻbestʼ when used in comparison.2. ʻBadʼ becomes ʻworstʼ when used in comparison.

3. ʻFarʼ becomes ʻfarthestʼ when used in comparison.

B. Exercises

Complete the table:

Word Comparison of 2Comparison of 2Comparison of 2 Comparison of more than 2Comparison of more than 2Comparison of more than 2

1 Bad Worse Worst

2 Beautiful

3 Big

4 Fast

5 Friendly

6 Good

7 Loud

8 Popular

9 Slow

10 Strange

Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets:

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Week 23


Ram: Letʼs look at the next question. Whatʼs the ____________ (big) animal in the world?

Lakhan: The elephant.

Ram: No it isnʼt. I think it is the blue whale.

Lakhan: Yes, youʼre right. And the ____________ (fast) animal in the world is the cheetah.

Ram: Is the Indian cobra the ____________________ (dangerous) animal in the world?

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Week 23


Lakhan: No, it isnʼt. Mosquitoes are ____________________ (dangerous) than a cobra because their bite can cause malaria.

Ram: Name the ______________ (tall) animal in the world.

Lakhan: Oh thatʼs easy! Itʼs the giraffe.

Ram: Who is ____________ (loud) - the bear or the chimpanzee?

Lakhan: Wow! This is the _________________ (difficult) question and I donʼt know the answer.

CONSOLIDATION


Week 23

LESSON 138

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REPORTED AND DIRECT SPEECHA. Reporting direct speech

There are two ways to report what someone says or thinks:

1. We use exact words that the person spoke and put them in quotation marks “...”.

Example:

Direct speech

Madan: Where are you going?Mohan: Iʼm going home.

Madan asked, “Where are you going?”Mohan replied, “Iʼm going home.”

Example:

Example:

B. Exercise

Match the direct speech to the reported speech:

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Week 24


Direct speech Reported speech

1. “I am hungry” a. She said she couldnʼt remember my name

2. “I saw them leave” b. I asked Ravi if he would help me.

3. “Where have they gone?” c. She said that she was hungry.

4. “Will you help me?” d. Sita wondered where they had gone.

5. “I canʼt remember your name” e. He said that he had seen them leave.

LESSON 139

2. We use our own words, with no quotation marks, to report conversation.

Direct Speech Reported Speech

Madan: Where are you going?Mohan: Iʼm going home.

Madan asked Mohan where he was going.Mohan said that he was going home.

C. Questions in reported speech:

Questions are written just as statements in reported speech with no question mark at the end.

Example:

Question in direct speech Question in reported speech

Question: Are you ready? She wanted to know if I was ready.

Question: What did you think of the new movie?

She asked me what I thought of the new movie.

B. Exercise

Write the following questions in reported speech:

1. She said, “Is dinner ready?”

She wanted to know if dinner was ready.________________________________

2. “Will you come to the party?”, asked Raju.

________________________________________________________________

3. “How far is the market?”, said Rohit

________________________________________________________________

4. “Did you get hurt?”, asked mother.

________________________________________________________________

5. My boss said, “Can we meet tomorrow morning?”

________________________________________________________________

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Week 24


REPORTED SPEECH

A. Reported Speech

Since the person who is reporting what someone said is usually different from the person who originally said it, ʻIʼ, ʻyouʼ, ʻmyʼ etc often change in reported speech.

Examples:

Example 1 Example 2

1. “I am hungry” said Rohit.2. Rohit said that he was hungry.

“Have you seen my glasses?”, she said.She asked me if I had seen her glasses.

Exercise

Write the following following direct speech into reported speech:

1. “Can you help me?”

She asked me if I could help her.________________________________

2. “My book is torn”.

________________________________________________________________

3. “Your mother is my aunt”

________________________________________________________________

Words telling about place and time also change in reported speech.

Direct Speech Reported Speech

That This

There Here

The next day Tomorrow

The day before Yesterday

Following week Next week

Previous week Last week

That day Today

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Week 24


LESSON 140

Exercise:

Change the following direct speech into reported speech:

1. “I will see you here tomorrow”, she said.

She said that she would see me there the next day._______________________

2. “I saw him today”, he said.

________________________________________________________________

3. “Iʼll see you tomorrow”, Ravi told Rani.

________________________________________________________________

4. “I was on a holiday last week”, said the boss.

________________________________________________________________

5. “I am buying a new car next month”, said Ria.

________________________________________________________________

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Week 24


ROLE PLAY________________________________________________________________________________

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Week 24


LESSON 141

DIRECT SPEECHA. Exercise

Change the following reported speech into direct speech:

1. The doctor said that I had to stay in bed until the following week.

The doctor said, “Stay in bed until next week.”____________________________

2. Raj told me that he had met Anu that day.

________________________________________________________________

3. Dr. Khan asked me if I slept well.

________________________________________________________________

4. I asked her why the baby was crying.

________________________________________________________________

5. Mona said that she hadnʼt read the book.

________________________________________________________________

6. He said that he was late for work.

________________________________________________________________

7. She said that her mother was writing a letter.

________________________________________________________________

8. She told me that German was easy to learn.

________________________________________________________________

9. The policeman told me to wear a helmet when I drive my bike.

________________________________________________________________

10.My mother asked me to help the kids cross the road.

________________________________________________________________

86

Week 24


LESSON 142

What did they tell you?(You can use direct or reported speech)

1. A teacher -

He asked me if I had done my homework.____________________________

2. A policeman -

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3. An interviewer -

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4. A sales agent -

________________________________________________________________

5. A doctor -

________________________________________________________________

6. A travel agent -

________________________________________________________________

7. A classmate -

________________________________________________________________

8. A colleague at work -

________________________________________________________________

9. My mother -

________________________________________________________________

10.My best friend -

________________________________________________________________

11.My neighbor -

________________________________________________________________

12.My boss -

________________________________________________________________

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Week 24


PUNCTUATEA. Exercise

Punctuate this passage using capitalization, full stops, commas and speech marks.

The Little Red Hen

A little red hen found a wheat seed she decided to plant it she asked a cat a fox and a pig to help her

i cant help you said the cat

i am too busy answered the fox

iʼve got too much to do replied the pig

the little red hen dug a hole she dropped the seed into it covered it the seed grew into a fine stalk of wheat the little red hen reaped the wheat she ground it into flour she mixed it with water in a bowl and made dough she put this into a baking dish she put the dish into the oven when the loaf was baked she didnʼt share the bread with the cat the fox and the pig they asked how does it taste she replied itʼs delicious

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Week 24


LESSON 143

Punctuate this passage using capitalization, full stops, commas and speech marks at the appropriate places.

Salmansʼ Love For Cricket

salmanʼs dad was going to play cricket salman loved cricket he saw his father getting ready for cricket he asked may i come with you dad

youʼre too little answered mr khan

salman went inside have you finished your homework asked mrs khan i did it last night answered salman

he decided to follow his dad mr sharma hit the ball very hard and it hit mr khan on the face salman saved his dad by calling the ambulance

now mr khan takes salman everytime he goes to play cricket

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Week 24


CONSOLIDATION


Week 24

LESSON 144

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Student Workbook


Student Workbook

92

Appendix


PHRASES

Phrase Meaning Example

1 Abide by Respect or obey If you want to join the center, you must abide by the rules.

2 Agree with Say / think the same thing as someone else

I agree with you that English is an important language.

3 Brush up on Improve You must brush up on your English.

4 Carry on Continue Donʼt stop. Carry on with your work.

5 Close down Stop operating The center closed down due to damage to the building.

6 Deal with Take care of (person, problem or situation)

The facilitator helps me deal with my poor pronunciation.

7 Drop in Visit I drop in to see my grand parents on my way home everyday.

8 Drop out Leave school / classes / college without finishing

If you drop out of class, you will find it difficult to speak English.

9 Find out Get information Please find out why Reema is absent.

10 Figure out Understand or find the answer I am trying to figure out the location of the center.

11 Get along with Have a good relationship Students and facilitator get along well in the center.

12 Get off Leave (bus, train, plane) Get off the bus at Chandni Chowk.

13 Get rid of Remove / give away Do not get rid of your books after you have completed Level 1.

14 Hand out Distribute Hand out the test paper to the students.

15 Hang up End phone call Do not hang up the phone as I am still talking.

16 Hold on i. Waitii. Hold tightly

i. Hold on! I will go with you.ii. Hold onto something or else you will fall.

17 Hurry up Be quick Hurry up! I do not want to be late for class.

18 Keep on Continue doing something Keep on working hard and you will do well.

19 Left out Not added If your name is left out during attendance, inform the facilitator.

20 Look after Take care of Look after the laptops and other items in the center.


APPENDIX 1

Phrase Meaning Example

21 Look for Try to find something I am looking for students who are interested in learning English.

22 Look forward to Wait with pleasure I look forward to seeing you soon.

23 Make fun of Laugh at something / someone

Do not make fun of your fellow students at the center.

24 Pass out i. Finish the class / school / college.

ii. Faint

i. When you pass out of Level 3, you will get a certificate.

ii. She passed out when she heard the bad news.

25 Set up Start a business She set up her own company 10 years ago.

26 Take care of Look after something/someone

I will take care of your books when you go out for some work.

27 Work out i. Physical exerciseii. Find a solution

i. I work out twice a week in the gym.ii. I need to work out the cost of buying a

house.


The Free English Classes program is an initiative of the AAM Foundation, a registered charitable organization.

AAM FoundationAddressValmiki Temple One Vasant Gaon (Adjoining C 8/8 Vasant Vihar) New Delhi- 110057

Telephone+91-11-2615 5142, +91-11-2615 3809

Websitehttp://aamf.org/

AAM FoundationSet up in June 1999, AAM Foundation runs Free English Classes for the underprivileged and underserved students of NCR.

Our Free English Classes are currently offered in 80 centers (and rapidly growing) in NCR and has over 10,000 children enrolled. These classes help students gain fluency in spoken English, building effective communication skills amongst first generation learners of the language. The classes are open to the general public and are free of cost.

Our Free English Classes program has especially designed workbook, lesson plans and oral communication activities, supported by a computer based world class English language learning software.

AOL FoundationAddressD - 142 Oakwood EstateDLF Phase II,Gurgaon - 122002

Telephone+91-9717911833, +91 9560166221

Websitehttp://artoflearning.inhttp://artoflearning.in/foundation

Contact

AOL FoundationAOL Foundation is a not-for-profit arm of Art of Learning, a firm founded in 2009 and working to improve teaching learning practices and strengthen institutional processes/policies in India.

AOL Foundation helps create systems and improve teaching-learning practices and is associated with government schools, budget schools following state curricula as well as with corporates and not-for-profit organizations working in the field of education.

AOL Foundation along with Art of Learning has designed the student and staff manuals for the Free English Classes program and trains the Free English Classes center facilitators on an ongoing basis.

F R E E E N G L I S H C L A S S E S

To enable 100,000 underprivileged young people per year become competent world class workers.

http://aamf.org

http://aamf.org

http://aamf.org

http://artoflearning.in

http://artoflearning.in

http://artoflearning.in/foundation/

http://artoflearning.in/foundation/

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