free living amoeba 5

5/25/2018 Free Living Amoeba 5

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Amphizoic: Is free living adapted to parasitic mode of life, and cause

series disease of man. It is called

primary amoebic (meningoencephalitis).And called primary because there is a secondary amoebic which present inthe brain, while the primary present in the intestine.The man affected when swimming in thermal spring & stream similar to (!"#$ %' ). There are most important species involved*

A- Naegleriafowleri

B- Acanthamoeba

+irstly discovered in fetal cases in +lorida & Australia, after that itreported in several parts of the world. The victim had acuired the infection through swimming in thermal spring

& stream or fresh water la-e & pond. The fresh water is not salty waterbecause when it becomes salty it will -ill the organisms.

an life in fresh water & moist soil. It has stges* The trophozoite stage, which described as broad avoidal, has one

pseudopodial located anteriorly, it differentiated from other by* /ne nucleus. /ne large central -aryosome called endosome.This tropho0oite when transmitted from culture or 1+ fluid to fresh water itwill be contain*(a) contractile vacuoles or called pulsating vacuoles(b) flagellae, so the tropho0oite will called the amoebo flagellate

structure.The parasite colonies the nasal mucosa, and then connect to nasal sinuses

& then to the brain through the olfactory nerve.

The cyst stage, which arising from culturing of this parasite in cultureagar, its si0e (2345) m, has one nucleus, can distinguished by a largeendosome.

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The most important symptoms of infection are:

a) 6iplopia (double vision).b) 1ever frontal headache.

c) 7ealing gait.

Phylum: Sarcomastigophora

Subphylum: astigophora

haracteri0ed by having flagellaein its tropho0oite stage, connected to ana!onemes and "inetoplast (li-e brain in human). The microorganismflagellum, an a8onemes and -inetoplast performing the neuromotorapparatus. The last one -inetoplast is energi0ing & the first one is motor

part. The -inetoplast formed from the blepharoplast & parabasal bo#y,The blepharoplast either connected together or scattered. 1ome of flagellate is free living, and other are parasiti0ing arthropods,

plants, animal & man.

The flagellates which parasites human are: +lagellate of #igesti$e tract& urogenital system. +lagellate of bloo#(haemoflagellate) & tissues.

The flagellate of #igesti$e tract& urogenital systems:-

9ive in the lumen.

:ot tissues invader, but the (Giardia

lamblia) & (Trichomonas

vaginalis

)may evo-e symptoms.


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It also called Giardia intestinalis, a parasite of small intestine,cosmopolitan, common in warm & temperate climates.

;oth trophozoite & cyst stages are considered as a #iagnostic stages,while the infection stage is only the cyst stage, because the tropho0oitestage when ingested it will -illed by the gastric acid.

The trophozoite stage The shape of tropho0oite is pear shape, broad rounded anteriorly, taperedto point posteriorly. Anteriorly there is a suc-ing dis- & side bilaterally, sothe tropho0oite is described by bilaterally symmetrical. In middle of suc-ingdis- situated nuclei in stage of tropho0oite. In middle of tropho0oite fromanterior to posterior is comple8 system of an a8oneme.

There is transverse curve broad, called the parabasal body. The tropho0oitelength (

Giardia lambliatrophozoite stage: (%)& ventr l view' ()& l ter lview

(%) ()


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The cyst stage Thic- hyaline membrane around avoidal shape cyst stage. ?hen parasitefacing un suitable or unconventional condition, it convert to cyst stage by

retracting the flagellae bac- on a8oneme to form the parallel curved fibrils,and each of nuclei divided into to form @ nuclei in cyst stage. The cyst length (34 m), width (B345 m).

Csually infection arise from ingestion of contaminated food or water, and

after passing the stomach the !ystation occur in small intestine andimmediately tropho0oites arises from the cyst. Then the tropho0oitestarting the

multiplication

and forming the colonies in small intestine.?hen tropho0oite goes down the ncystationoccur. 1o the summary of lifecycle is* !ystation

ultiplication

ncystation

@

Giardia lambliacyst stage*


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Infection with Giardia called Diardiasis. The maEority of Diardiasis is

asymptomatic, but some of them presented with symptoms li-e fattydiarrhea, weight loss (due to malabsorption), epigastric pain, abdominalcramps. Giardia

lambliais not tissue invader, but by (F.G) had shown thatthe tropho0oite attached tightly to mucosa, so covering and damaging tomucosa, so causing functional derangement & reducing brush borderen0ymes. 6iarrhea & malabsorption may be caused by this mechanism.

=

Ingestion of cysts

Acutediarrhea

Average incubation period * 45 6ays

Asymtomatic

7esolution

7ecurrent bouts of loose stool ysts cleared

arrier cyst passer

hronic recurrent bouts of loose

1tools H >3 B months apart H last+or 3 = years

Galabsorption or failure to thrivein children

+ourse of giar#ia infection in humans

3 > days


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+linical manifestations in ,iar#iasis

Acute +hronic

iarrhea ( foul smelling ) .ecurrent #iarrhea

,reasy stools Perio#ic constipation

/eight loss Ab#ominal #istension

Anore!ia & $omiting Nausea

0ea#ache Substernal burning

1ow gra#e fe$er 2rticaria

+hills rythema no#osum

ucous in stools alabsorption syn#rome

Ab#ominal cramps 3atigue

iagnosis :7ecovering of cyst stage & tropho0oite stage by*

Deneral stool e8amination, or by oncentration method

Treatment : ;y Getronida0ole, =5 mg =345 days.

Infection occur by viable cyst from human sources3human faeces. Diardiasis most common in warm moist climates. Type of living is

effecting its transmission, large families, and children asylum.

Jeavily infected groups, the infection start with infants & goes toEuveniles stage, and then go down to adult stage. This occurs mainly intravelers or resort population.

Treatment of patient. /rdinary or chlorination water be found not enough to -ill cyst stage in

endemic or hyperendemic, there for boiling of water is important to -illthe cyst stage.

B


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Improving the habits of the person & community.

osmopolitan, more prevalent in warm climates. It has stages in its life cycle, tropho0oite & cyst stage.

The trophozoite stage Kear in shape, anteriorly broad and rounded, has one nucleus, beside thenucleus is a groove called cytostome, which represent the mouth of it.

7egarding the flagella, most of them directed forward and one directed

bac-ward toward the cytostome , It has spiral groove which pass in spiralpath & its function is the movement. The multiplication is by longitudinalbinary division. The movement is a Eer-y movement with spiraled path.

The cyst stage 1maller than tropho0oite, lemon shaped, (2345 m) in length & (@.=3Bm) in width. In cyst stage there is thic- hyaline wall, there is anterior

proEection li-e a lemon. There is a groove in cyst stage which represents thecytostome. 7egarding the flagella, it retracted bac-ward into the organismand appears as a fibril inside the organism as well as inside the cytoplasm.Also it has one nucleus.

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Chilomastixmesnili trophozoite


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Kear shaped, have a single nucleus, infront the nucleus situated theblepharoplast.Gost of flagella directed forward & one of them directed bac-ward, andthis bac-ward directed flagella forming un#ulating membrane, which isa fold of membrane of organism.It characteri0ed by presence of a!ostyle, which is semi rigid translucent

supported structure. There are > species adapted to the human host, and only these speciescontain a8ostyle.

There is a cytostome on the lateral side.

9ine drawing of the three Trichomonads that parasiti0ed human beings. (%)TrichomonavaginalisH ()Trichomonas tenax; (4)Trichomonas hominis.

(%)()

(4)

Chilomastixmesnili cyst

The habitat is large intestine, particularly colon. It is non3pathogeic, but itspresence means that ingested material been contaminated with human e8creta.


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osmopolitan in distribution, 4= m in diameter, pear shaped, marginalflagellum which forms undulating membrane, the undulating membranee8tend short distance behind the posterior end. The a8ostyle is also

protruding behind the posterior e8tremity. It is non3pathogen, although itfeeds on bacteria, mucous & 7;s if present. It live in large intestine.

It also called Trichomonas tenax, smaller than T. hominis, has smallundulating membrane. It is non3pathogenic, but it is found in diseased gum,tartar around the teeth and carious teeth, so it is opportunistic parasite. It ise8istence indicates poor oral hygiene.

It present in male & female, the diseased caused is called Trichomoniasisor Trichomonas $aginitis. osmopolitan parasite of man, si0e freuentlylarger than other Tricomonas, it reach up to 2 mm in si0e. Gaginalflagellum does not e8tend byyond the undulating membrane.

It inhibits vagina in female, and urethra L prostate in male. It transmittedby se8ual intercourse, although may transmitted by other way (fomits). Thisparsite can survive for few hours on dry fomites & longer if moist. In male, is often asymptomatic, although it may cause urethritis, also callednon3specific urethritis. In female, again may be asymptomatic or may produce vaginitiscomplicated by bacteria, fungus & spirochete.


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The chief complaints are dysuria, leu-orrhea (white discharge), urticaria,and acute vulvitis. The symptoms vary from mild to sever, but the disease isannoying rather than disabling. Khagocytosis & -illing of Gono cocci by Trichomonas vaginalis have

been reported.

Gade in male by recovery of the organism in urine, prostatic or urethral

discharges, by add normal saline to dry smear, we show T. vaginalis. Infemale, by recovery urine, vaginal discharge or vaginal swabs by also addingnormal saline to wet smear.

Getronida0ol =5 mg TI6 (three times per day) for 2 days. In resistantcases, vaginal suppositories of Getronida0ol are useful.

auses disease called 6iantamoebiasis. It was considered as an amoebauntil 4


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Subphylum :+iliophora +lass :+iliata isease :called Balanti#iasisor Balanti#ial #ysentery Jas a cosmopolitan distribution in ahogs and a common parasite ofseveral species of Gon-eys. In man is found in warm climates. stages occur in the life cycle, tropho0oite or vegetative & cyst stage.the tropho0oite is

ovoidal in shape (=53455 m) in length, (@5325 m ) inwidth. Anterior somewhat conical anteriorly and rounded posteriorly, cilia

present all around the body of the microorganism. Anteriorly has funnel3shape called peristome leading to ytostome (mouth of the cell) and

posteriorly ytopyge ( anus of the cell). It has nuclei, large oneGacronucleus (-idney shaped) & small one Gicronucleus. Also it has contractile vacuoles which called pulsating vacuoles, those disappeared in

old cyst.

Two types of multiplication: A se!ual& micronucleus divides mitotically and Gacronucleus

divides amititically followed by the division of cytoplasm result in organisms.

+on7ugation (se!ual), has been observed in ;. coli but not essential forits propagation.

The cyst si0e around =5 in diameter, almost spherical, it has no cilia(double outline wall). Although the mar-ings on the cell remain nuclei ,

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Kulsating vacuoles, although they disappeared in the old cyst. Invasion bymotility & cytolyticen0yme. 9oali0ed to large intestines, rarely seen in F8tra intestinal. Clcer*widemouth. Gay cause diarrhea or dysentery.

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Trophozoite 8 cyst stage ofBalantidiumcoli

free living amoeba 5

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