Free-Surface FlowsCFD Seminar 2

Challenge Problem

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Flow CharacteristicsVolume of Fluid Model

• Immiscible fluids with clearly

defined interface.

! Shape of the interface is of

interest

• Typical problems:

! Jet breakup

! Motion of large bubbles in a liquid

! Motion of liquid after a dam break

! Steady or transient tracking of

any liquid-gas interface

• Inappropriate if bubbles are small

compared to a control volume

(bubble columns)

t=0 secs

t=0.6 secs

Volume of Fluid Model

• Immiscible fluids with clearly

defined interface.

! Shape of the interface is of

interest

• Typical problems:

! Jet breakup

! Motion of large bubbles in a liquid

! Motion of liquid after a dam break

! Steady or transient tracking of

any liquid-gas interface

• Inappropriate if bubbles are small

compared to a control volume

(bubble columns)

t=0 secs

t=0.6 secs

Volume of Fluid Model

• Immiscible fluids with clearly

defined interface.

! Shape of the interface is of

interest

• Typical problems:

! Jet breakup

! Motion of large bubbles in a liquid

! Motion of liquid after a dam break

! Steady or transient tracking of

any liquid-gas interface

• Inappropriate if bubbles are small

compared to a control volume

(bubble columns)

t=0 secs

t=0.6 secs

Volume of Fluid Model

• Immiscible fluids with clearly

defined interface.

! Shape of the interface is of

interest

• Typical problems:

! Jet breakup

! Motion of large bubbles in a liquid

! Motion of liquid after a dam break

! Steady or transient tracking of

any liquid-gas interface

• Inappropriate if bubbles are small

compared to a control volume

(bubble columns)

t=0 secs

t=0.6 secs

Sloshing

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Liquid in Zero Gravity

Surface Tension

Example

• Cylinder of water (5 x 1 cm) is surrounded by air in no

gravity

• Surface is initially perturbed so that the diameter is 5%

larger on ends

• The disturbance at the surface grows by surface tension

Surface Tension

Example

• Cylinder of water (5 x 1 cm) is surrounded by air in no

gravity

• Surface is initially perturbed so that the diameter is 5%

larger on ends

• The disturbance at the surface grows by surface tension

Surface Tension

Example

• Cylinder of water (5 x 1 cm) is surrounded by air in no

gravity

• Surface is initially perturbed so that the diameter is 5%

larger on ends

• The disturbance at the surface grows by surface tension

Surface Tension

Example

• Cylinder of water (5 x 1 cm) is surrounded by air in no

gravity

• Surface is initially perturbed so that the diameter is 5%

larger on ends

• The disturbance at the surface grows by surface tension

Casting

The filling of an alternator housing. Metal colored by temperature.

Volume Of Fluid Model

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Fluid 1

Fluid 2

€

∂r(k )

∂t+ v ⋅ ∇r(k ) = 0

Today’s Simulation