External Use

TM

Enabling Automotive IoT

Andy Birnie, Systems Engineering Manager

M A Y . 2 0 1 5

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Automotive Electronic Content GrowthE

lectr

on

ic v

alu

e a

s %

of to

tal ca

r

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2010 2030?

35%

30%

22%

15%

10%

5%2.5%

Electronic

Fuel Injection

Airbag

ABS / ESP

Body Electronics

Multiplexing

Active-Passive Safety

Green Powertrain

Telematics, Infotainment

“80% percent of innovation is electronic”

“Impossible to comply with regulation without electronic

systems”

-Automotive OEM

50%

?

2015

40%

Advanced Driver Assistance

Hybridisation

Electrification

Radar / Vision

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Automotive Processors Per Vehicle Trends

$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

$120

2007 2013 2020

Auto ProcessorContent per Vehicle ($)

N. America

Japan

Europe

S. Korea

China

India

World

Avg.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2007 2013 2020

Auto Processors per Vehicle

N. America

Japan

Europe

S. Korea

China

India

World

Avg.

Source: Strategy Analytics (Jan ‘14)

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Automotive Semiconductors Megatrends

The semiconductor content in vehicles continues to grow with 10% growth in 2014 creating a

market of $29 B. 2015 is forecast for continued strong growth of 7.5%. *

* HIS press release January 26,2015, “2014 was a Bumper Year for Automotive Semiconductors. (http://press.ihs.com)

A Greener World Safer TravelSecure

ConnectivityMobility for

Everyone

Vehicle content race

in China; bringing

comfort and safety

features across the

fleet

New energy vehicles;

tighter electronic

control of ICE; weight

reduction through

networked nodes

The car as IoT node;

wireless gateways,

code security and

consumerization of the

vehicle

ADAS as the

catalyst to

autonomous;

functional safety and

zero defect

mandatory for zero

fatalities

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Automotive MCU Product Leadership

Megatrend

Application Radar Vision Powertrain Gateways General Body

and Chassis

Actuators and

Sensors

Key TechnologyHigh perf. ADC

and DSP

Image

processing

CPU/timer

performance and

instrumentation

Communication

interfaces

Security

ARM Cortex

Software and

Tools

MagniV with HV

analog

Value

Proposition

Highest

performance

and system

integration

Leading image

processing

AND functional

safety

Leading

performance

architecture

Highest

networking

bandwidth AND

security

Reduce our

customers R&D

and time-to-

market

Reduce system

size and

manufacturing

cost

Safer TravelElectrification

Emerging Markets

Ethernet

Electrification

Going GreenConnectivity

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Automotive is Freescale’s Core BusinessMC6801

First Engine

Control MCU

First 32-bit

68 K MCU First 32-bit MCU w/

flash memory

First 32-bit MCUs (FlexRay™+Ethernet) for Advanced Vehicle Networking

First 8-bit CAN MCU

MPC500 32-bit RISC MCU

First dual-core Automotive 32-bit MCU

New 55 nm MPC57oo Power Architecture® Line

Announced with dedicated security core

First triple-core Automotive 32-bit MCU

First ISO 26262 certified MCU

First sampling 55 nm automotive MCUs

First quad core Fault Tolerant MCU for

Brake by Wire Applications

S32V – first automotive vision SoC

with reliability, safety and security

1993 19941997

2006

2007

2010

2009

2012

2013

2014

19781988

2015

Automotive

Networking

Industrial

Other

Consumer

18,000 employees

$4.6B revenue in 2014

6,000 patent families

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• Internet of Treats

• Internet of Threats

• Internet of Tracking

• Internet of Technology

IoT ?

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The Internet of Things

Advanced

Safety

Radar +

Vision

Infotainment

Traffic Monitoring

Security

Energy

MetersHome Hubs

Telehealth

Home Health

Monitors + Fitness

Connected

Appliances

Smart Energy

Grid

Digital Power

Conversion

Energy Management,

Wind + Solar

Human – Machine

InterfaceMachine – Machine

Industrial

Networking

Cloud

Computing

Metro Cells

Small Cells

Enterprise Gateways, Switchers,

Routers

Base Stations

Security

Networked Printers

Data

Center

Connected

Farms

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Projected IoT Market Size by Sector in 2022

Source: Machina Research

181.9

59.5

57.8

25.1

21.3

12.4

4.7

4.0

1.1

0.9

0.5

0.4

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

I N T E L L I G E N T B U I L D I N G S

U T I L I T I E S

A U T O M O T I V E

H E A L T H C A R E

C O N S U M E R E L E C T R O N I C S

S M A R T C I T I E S & P U B L I C T R A N S P O R T

M A N U F A C T U R I N G & S U P P L Y C H A I N

R E T A I L & L E I S U R E

S M A R T E N T E R P R I S E M A N A G E M E N T

A G R I C U L T U R E & E N V I R O N M E N T

E M E R G E N C Y S E R V I C E S & N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y

C O N S T R U C T I O N

Million connections (2022)

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“103 exabytes of data is

generated by vehicles every day”

Source: IBM

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What Automotive IoT Means to Me

Attributes:

• Security

• Connectivity

• Robustness

Enabling:

• Consumer experience

• Big data analytics

• Extra compute resource

• New connections

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IoT or Not IoT?

Consumer Experience Big Data Analytics Extra Compute

Resource

New ConnectionsConsumer Experience Big Data Analytics Extra Compute

Resource

New Connections

Voice recognition?

Health monitoring eCall?

Map updates Electronic toll collection

EV battery status Pay as you drive

insurance

Real time weather

Real time traffic

Remote diagnostics

ECU software update

ITS / Smart City

Electronic component

wear monitoring

Driver assistance (V2X)

Collision avoidance (V2X)

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Challenge 1: Functional Safety

Functional safety is the absence of

unreasonable risk due to hazards caused by

malfunctioning behavior of electrical/electronic

systems

− Hazards: potential source of harm

− Harm: physical injury or damage to the

health of people

Failures are main impairment to safety:

-Systematic: failures that can only be eliminated by a

change of the design or manufacturing process

- Random: failures that can occur unpredictably during

lifetime

Instrument

Cluster

Speedometer not

available

ASIL B

Braking and

Stability Systems

Unintended full

power brake

ASIL D

Airbag System

Inadvertent

Deployment

ASIL D77GHz

RADAR ACC

Inadvertent

Braking

ASIL C

Smart Rear View

Camera System

No valid video

sensor data

ASIL B

Front View

Camera System

No valid video

sensor data

ASIL B

Engine Management

Unwanted vehicle

acceleration

ASIL C to DDriving Lights

Failure

on both sides

ASIL B

Rear Lights

Failure on both

sides

ASIL A

Brake Lights

Loss of Brake

Lights

ASIL B

Active

Suspension

Suspension

oscillates

ASIL B to C

Electric Power

Steering

Self-steering

ASIL D

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Challenge 2: Security• Unfortunately security will be broken

− ~86,000 new pieces of malware/day

− When value of break exceeds effort to break

Cyber risk = threats X vulnerabilities X consequences

• System level approach to security required from the sensing nodes through various layers of embedded processing to the data centers

− System only as strong as its weakest link

− Automotive industry needs to learn from other industries rather than invent something new & specific

• Huge area for research & standardization over the next decade

− Mutual authentication

− Tamper detection

− Monitor integrity of security

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Automotive Security Attack Surface

Base Station/

Infrastructure/

Other cars

Modem

Gateway

Diagnostics

Immobilizer

Powertrain/Body/

Chassis ECU

External

Sensors

TPMS

Multi-media

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Traditional Auto (CAN, LIN, FR)

Ethernet 100Mpbs or 1000Mpbs

MOST

TRADITIONALCENTRAL GATEWAY

Infotainment Chassis & Safety

Powertrain Body Electronics

Diagnostic Interface

TR

AD

ITIO

NA

L

FULL ETHERNETCENTRAL GATEWAY

Infotainment SafetyVehicle

DynamicsDriver Assist

Body Electronics

Diagnostic Interface

FU

LL E

TH

ER

NE

T

HYBRIDCENTRAL GATEWAY

Infotainment SafetyVehicle

DynamicsDriver Assist

Body Electronics

Diagnostic Interface

HY

BR

ID

Challenge 3a: Connectivity (Internal)

• Increased data rate driving network changes

• Emergence of new protocols e.g. SENT

• Adoption of industrial protocols e.g. Ethernet

• Every vehicle architecture is different

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Challenge 3b: Connectivity (External)

NAD

/TCUInfotainment

Unit

Central

GW

Infotainment Connectivity

NAD

/TCU

Infotainment

Unit

Connected

Central

GW

NAD

/TCU

Separate OEM & User Connectivity

Direct to Central GW

NAD

/TCU

Infotainment

Unit

Central

GW

Smart

Antenna

GW

Smart Antenna Connectivity

Smart Antenna GW features:

- Connect to multiple wireless interfaces

- Host connected applications (e.g. Wi-Fi®

Hotspot, FOTA)

- Packetize data into Ethernet for internal

transmission

• Increased data rate

• Many different connectivity schemes

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Challenge 4: Connection Technology

• Re-visit use case table

• Consider attributes of

connection required

• Consider new legislation,

e.g. eCall, NHTSA V2X

Latency Bandwidth

High Remote diagnostics

ECU software update

Health monitoring

Map updates

Electronic toll collection

Pay as you drive insurance

Electronic component wear monitoring

Map updates

Medium ITS / Smart City

EV battery status

Real time weather

Real time traffic

eCall

Remote diagnostics

ECU software update

Health monitoring

Pay as you drive insurance

Electronic component wear monitoring

ITS / Smart City

Real time weather

Real time traffic

Low Driver assistance (V2X)

Collision avoidance (V2V)

Driver assistance (V2X)

Collision avoidance (V2V)

eCall

EV battery status

Electronic toll collection

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Challenge 4: Connection Technology

• Can one connection technology meet all the requirements?

• Maybe 5G can technically meet latency & bandwidth requirements

• DSRC range, cost & business case concern

10Gbps

100Mbps

10Mbps

5Mbps

1ms 10ms 100ms 200ms

4G

(LTE)

3G (HSPA+)

3G (HSPA)

5G

4G

(LTE-Advanced)

DSRC

Many

km’s

1.5km

Bandwidth

Latency

Bandwidth

Latency

10Gbps

100Mbps

10Mbps

5Mbps

1ms 10ms 100ms 200ms

4G

(LTE)

3G (HSPA+)

3G (HSPA)DSRC

Many

km’s

1.5km

Note: Data not available for LTE-Advanced & 5G

Theoretical In practice

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MCU

development

System

development

Vehicle

Trials

Challenge 5: Automotive Development Cycles

Product Lifecycle Phases

Vehicle

production

System production

Vehicle

in use

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Reminder – why are we Connecting our Cars?

Safety Congestion Emissions

• 183,670 UK Road casualties

in 2013, incl. 1,713 fatalities*

• 80% of accidents due to

human error

• UK Road casualties down

50% from 2000.

85% increase in UK road traffic since 1980, further 40% growth expected by 2040

• Average UK motorist spends

30 hours a year in traffic jams

- 82 hours in London

• 7500km of European

highways blocked by traffic

jams every day

• 54% increase in CO2

emissions from domestic

transport since 1980

• Congestion on roads and at

airports adds 6% to the EUs

fuel bill

Source: INRIXSource: www.gov.uk Source: Eurostat

Source: Department for Transport

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The Ultimate Challenge – Automated Drive

Human Machine I/F

Mission, Behavior

& Motion

Planning

Environment perception

Localization

& Map

Safe

Auto Pilot

Detection &

Classification

360° Sensing

Driver Monitor

V2x Comm

Vehicle Dynamics

Static Maps

IoT Connectivity

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Motion Planning

Mission Planning

Behavior Generation

Real time data

management

Sensor processing

Dynamic Actuation

Automated Driving – Computing Challenges

Probabilistic

Deterministic

Automated

Drive

Collision

Avoidance

Lane

KeepingCo-Pilot

Self

Parking

Collision

WarningSign View

Processing resources need to be dynamically managed to execute probabilistic AND deterministic functions

... Within the same vehicle context

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Freescale Automotive IoT Vision

• Freescale will help enable the Automotive IoT

− Security, connectivity & robustness

− With our ecosystem partners

• IoT is more than marketing hype – it is a game changer in the services & safety of owning & driving a vehicle

• Automotive IoT still has many challenges

− Functional safety & security

− In-vehicle & external RF connectivity

− Development timeline

• And combine them all into the ultimate challenge – the automated vehicle.

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TM

© 2014 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. | External Use

www.Freescale.com