freight and transportation planning workshop- executive summary presented by the federal highway...
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Freight and Transportation Planning Workshop- Executive Summary
Presented by theFederal Highway Administration
DateLocation
Federal Highway Administration2
Workshop Outcomes
Better understanding of the modes and stakeholders involved in freight transportation
Better understanding of the trends affecting freight transportation and its impacts on your transportation system and communities
Better understanding of the common issues that prevent freight from being fully incorporated in the planning process
Resource packet to help guide freight planning efforts
• Data and funding sources
• Examples of successful programs and initiatives
• Links to other organizations
Federal Highway Administration3
How Does Freight Transportation Differ from Passenger Transportation?
Passenger Movements
Movements often begin and end within the same jurisdiction
Trip generation and attractionswell understood and predicted
Plenty of publiclyavailable data
Issues better understood by decision-makers and general public
Less infrastructure impact
Less intermodal in nature
Freight Movements
Complex chain of interregional or international trips
Sensitive to market forces; difficult to forecast demand
Few sources of publiclyavailable data
Private sector industry not always well understood
Heavier vehicles have greater infrastructure impacts
More intermodal
Federal Highway Administration4
Who are Freight Stakeholders?
Public Sector
• Federal, state, local transportation planning agencies
• Economic development and trade organizations
• Federal, state, local law enforcement
Private Sector
• Shippers and receivers of freight (businesses)
• Freight transportation service and logistics providers
• Owners and operators of freight facilities
• Neighborhoods and communities affected by freight transportation
• The general public
Federal Highway Administration5
Public Sector(States, MPOs, local agencies)
Private Sector(Shippers, Carriers)
Global
National
Regional
Local
Stakeholder PerspectivesState, MPO, Local Agency Focus is Regional and Local; Private Sector Focus is Increasingly National and Global
Federal Highway Administration6
Importance of Freight PlanningTransportation Investments Lead to Increased Productivity
Florida
• Freight transportation investments generate a 35 percent annual rate of return in terms of GSP growth
Maryland
• Highway improvements responsible for 10 percent of state’s productivity growth 1982-1996
Wisconsin
• Every $1 of highway investment leads to $2 of benefits to passengers; $1 of benefits to freight movements
Sources: Florida DOT Macroeconomics Study, 2002; Transportation Improvements Grow Wisconsin’s Economy, 2003.
Federal Highway Administration7
Importance of Freight PlanningEfficient Freight Transportation System Attracts New Businesses
88 percent of all new and expanded manufacturing facilities in Wisconsin chose to locate within 5 miles of key highways
Federal Highway Administration8
Modes of Freight Transportation
Federal Highway Administration9
Modes of Freight TransportationFreight Service Spectrum
Fastest, most reliable, most visible
Lowest weight, highest value,
most time-sensitive cargo
Slower, less reliable, less visible
Highest weight, lowest value,
least time-sensitive cargo
Fast, reliable, visible
Range of weight and value
$1 - $10,000/lb. 3-10¢/lb. 1/2-1¢/lb.
Higher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Service Cost Continuum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Lower
Air Truck Rail Water Pipeline
Federal Highway Administration10
Freight Transportation System
Federal Highway Administration11
Freight Movements14 Billion Tons Valued at $11 Trillion in 1998
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
Rail16% Rail
28%
Truck78%
Truck60%
Truck88%
Rail6%
Millions of Tons
Billions of Ton-Miles
Billions of Dollars
Air5%
Water6% Water
12% Water1%
Federal Highway Administration12
Freight TrendsAnticipated Growth in Freight Traffic
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1998 2010 2020
Freight Tons (in Billions)
Domestic Import/Export
Source: FHWA Freight Analysis Framework.
Federal Highway Administration13
Freight Growth ImpactsHighway Congestion Impacts, 1998
Source: CSI based on FHWA Freight Analysis Framework Project and HPMS data
Federal Highway Administration14
Source: CSI based on FHWA Freight Analysis Framework Project and HPMS data
Freight Growth ImpactsHighway Congestion Impacts, 2020
Federal Highway Administration15
Freight Growth ImpactsOther Impacts Transportation system impacts
• Intermodal access and capacity further strained
• Congestion reduces mobility for people and goods
Economic impacts
• Congestion and delays lead to increasing costs for shippers and carriers
Community impacts
• Increased truck idling and grade crossing delays lead to worsening air pollution
Federal Highway Administration16
Freight TrendsIncreased Emphasis on Security Post-September 11 cargo inspections
more frequent and intensive, particularly for international shipments
Increasing reliance on pre-clearance of known shippers and closer scrutiny of chains of custody
Increasing use of ITS and other technologies to verify cargo, vehicle, driver
Federal Highway Administration17
Freight TrendsMany Agencies Involved in Freight Security Transportation Agencies
Transportation Security Administration
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
State DOTs
State Registries of Motor Vehicles
Law Enforcement Agencies
U.S. Customs
INS
Border Patrol
DEA
FBI
U.S. Marshals
USDA
ATF
Coast Guard
Federal Highway Administration18
Security Impacts
Increased delay at border crossings and other gateways and along major trade corridors
Uncertainty as to appropriate state and MPO role in addressing freight security
Greater degree of coordination with law enforcement agencies
Limited funding available for freight security efforts
Federal Highway Administration19
Freight TrendsEnvironmental Accountability Construction and expansion of
freight facilities more politically and socially challenging
Intermodal access often occurs through residential neighborhoods and town centers
Federal Highway Administration20
Freight TrendsEnvironmental Accountability Trucks account for over 50 percent of all NOx and Particulate
Matter (PM-10) emissions
Truck accident rates do not differ significantly from passenger car accidents, but have greater impacts
Nearly 70 percent of transportation-related noise caused by trucktraffic
Fatalities Involving Medium and Heavy Trucks, 2000
Occupants in other vehicles
Truck occupants
Non-occupants
Federal Highway Administration21
Environmental Accountability Impacts
Increased sensitivity at all levels of government to the environmental and community impacts of freight movements
Greater emphasis on improving the efficiency of freight operations rather than expanding freight infrastructure
Federal Highway Administration22
Organization andStaff Resources
Inter- and Intra- Agency Coordination
Public/Private Input
Goals and Objectives
Data and AnalyticalTools
Financial Planning and Funding
Identify and AnalyzeNeeds and Deficiencies
(current and future)
Develop andEvaluate Alternatives
Prepare and AdoptLong-Range Plan
Project Programming
Development and Implementation
Freight in the Planning ProcessGeneral Transportation Planning Process
Federal Highway Administration23
Freight Goals and Objectives
• TEA-21 provides little specific guidance as to how or to what extent states and MPOs should consider freight interests
• Many state DOTs and MPOs only address freight generally in their long-range plans
• Freight planning at some states and MPOs is reactive rather than proactive
Organization and Staff Resources
• Many state DOTs are organized modally, leading to fragmented freight planning
• Limited freight education and training available for technical staff and transportation decision-makers
Freight in the Planning ProcessChallenges
Federal Highway Administration24
Inter- and Intra-Agency Coordination
• Intermodal freight improvement projects often involve several federal, state, and local agencies
• Freight movements often affect multiple MPOs, states, and countries and can require coordinated planning efforts
Private Sector Participation
• Vastly different planning horizons– Public sector – “generational” – Private sector – “quarterly”
• Many potential private sector participants do not have the staff time or resources to fully commit to the process
Freight in the Planning ProcessChallenges
Federal Highway Administration25
Freight Data and Analytical Tools
• Publicly available data often lack industry detail due to privacy concerns
• Privately-maintained commodity flow data sets often costly and require extensive analysis
Funding• Federal funding programs for multimodal and intermodal
projects exist, but can be limited
• Some states and MPOs find it is difficult to justify spending money on projects that are perceived to benefit the private sector freight community
Freight in the Planning ProcessChallenges
Federal Highway Administration26
Overall Planning and Programming
• Freight champions sometimes do not exist
• Freight projects compete with passenger projects for funding
• Freight specific evaluation criteria often do not exist
• Freight planning can occur outside the transportation planning process
– Earmarks– Economic development activities– Projects on privately owned and operated infrastructure
Freight in the Planning ProcessChallenges
Federal Highway Administration27
Freight in the Planning ProcessFactors of Success for Incorporating Freight Program or project champion
• High level champions can often raise awareness of importance of freight
Education and outreach efforts
• To decision-makers and general public who may not realize the importance of integrating freight movements into the transportation planning process
• Some DOT and MPO professional staff lack knowledge and expertise in freight issues
Intra- and inter-agency coordination
• Most freight projects involve several agencies – both within and outside of transportation
Federal Highway Administration28
Freight in the Planning ProcessFactors of Success for Incorporating Freight
Freight data
• Good freight planning begins with good freight data
• Data can come from many different public and private sources
Private sector involvement
• Private sector can often provide the background and expertise necessary to conduct effective freight planning
Innovative project development and funding methods
• Freight improvement projects often do not fit neatly within existing funding categories or project development processes
Federal Highway Administration29
Questions and Discussion