french cathedrals - nc state university · romanesque architecture was incorporated in the...
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French Cathedrals
By: Gina Sanson
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The Beginning Stage
� In the Middle Ages, cathedrals were constructed for:
� Religious purposes
� Coronation ceremonies
� Christenings
� Weddings
� Funerals
� A bishop received one diocese, a divided segment of land, to establish a
center for religious practice
� Funding for construction was provided mainly by people in the city –
their sins would be forgiven if they donated money
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Construction Techniques� Shapes: Latin Cross, Double
Transept, and Double Ender
� Nave – the central area of the
church
� Flying buttress – bridge-like
connectors that support the
cathedral wall from collapsing
outward
� Vault – an arched roof that
supports lateral weight
� Pointed Arch
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Cathedral Layout
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Gothic Influence� Cathedrals were expected to be
no less than 300 feet long and over 100 feet high
� The pointed arch was designed not only for structural purposes but also to give direction toward Heaven
� Towers and spires
� Religious sculptural designs
� Verticality
� Emphasis on light through the use of stained glass windows
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Religious Decoration
� Biblical stories are illustrated in the stained glass windows – Old
Testament and New Testament prophesies
� Rose windows
� Architects implemented narratives, figures of saints, and other
religious individuals into the walls, panels, and columns of the
cathedral (both inside and outside)
� Romanesque architecture was incorporated in the elongation of
the religious figures
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Albi Cathedral
� Constructed between 1282 and 1492
� Made completely of brick
� Known for “The Last Judgment” mural on the west wall of the nave
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Am
ien
s C
ath
edra
l ✙ After several fires, it was officially reconstructed in
1220
✙ It is the biggest cathedral in France and the tallest
Gothic cathedral
✙ Contained several relics including he head of St.
John the Baptist
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Autun Cathedral
� Built in the mid 12th century
� Known for the Romanesque inspired
sculptures designed by Giselbertus
� Initially constructed to host the
remains of Lazarus
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Bo
urg
es Cath
edra
l
� Built between 1195 and 1324
� Designed to imitate Notre Dame but with
improvements
� Structurally cannot hold bells and is therefore called
“deaf tower”
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Chartes Cathedral� Original church was destroyed in a lightning
induced fire, so a second cathedral was built in 1194
� Location of Virgin Mary’s tunic
� Famous for its North, South, West, and Blue Virgin Rose windows
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Lao
n C
ath
edra
l
� Built between 1160 and 1230
� Known for its striking towers
� It has six total towers, however, two of them
are not complete
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Notre Dame Cathedral
� Built between 1163 and 1250
� Also known as “Our Lady of Paris”
� Catholic icon in France
� Most popular French memorial
� Over 13 million visitors each year
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Reim
s Cath
edra
l
� This “Classical” French cathedral was built in the
13th century
� 267 feet tall
� Location of Clovis’ baptism
� The south tower contains two bells
� “Charlotte” – over 11 tons
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Rouen Cathedral
� Home of France’s highest spire
� Location where Claude Monet created some of his most famous paintings
� Inside lies the famed “Escalier de la Librairie” (Bookseller’s Stairway)
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To
urs
Cath
edra
l
� Built between 1170 and 1547
� Constructed with three naves
� Charles’ VIII sons’ tombs lie in the south transept
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Works Cited
Minne-Seve, Vivianne, and Kergall Herve.
Romanesque and Gothic France: Architecture and Sculpture.
New York, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2000. Print.
Erlande-Brandenburg, Alaine. Cathedrals and Castles:
Building in the Middle Ages. New York, New York: Harry N.
Abrams, Print.
http://www.sacred-destinations.com/france/france-cathedrals
http://www.abelard.org/france/cathedral-construction.php