french revolution
DESCRIPTION
4th ESO, Ciencias SocialesTRANSCRIPT
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LOUIS XVI execution
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THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
Deficit crisis
French soldiers who helped came inspired
Signing of the Declaration of Independence
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Enlightenment:
Liberty
Equality
Reason
Progress
John Locke (1632-1704)
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DEFICIT CRISIS AND BAD HARVESTS
◦ Seven Years´s War
◦ Squandering
◦ Bad harvests since 1878
◦ Tax exemptions
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BANCKRUPTCY
LUOIS XVI required money
asked the privilegeds for pay taxes
refused
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LOUIS XVI was forced to call the Estates General (1st time since 1614):
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Representatives from the third estate demanded that voting by the population.
Representatives of the privilegeds demanded each estate had one vote: majority.
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The third estate left the Estates General
They met at a tennis court
The Third Estate declared itself to be NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
The members of this meet swore not to separate until France had a CONSTITUTION
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National assembly was threatened by the Army
the people of Paris supporting the Assembly
STORMING OF THE BASTILLE: 14 July 1789
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Colours of Paris
Colours of the Bourbon family
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1791: CONSTITUTION:
France became a constitional monarch
Separation of powers: Executive: KING Legislative: LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY
National sovereignty
Equal justicie under law
Limited suffrage
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ELECTIONS: limited suffrage: political parties:
ROYALIST
LA PLAINE: moderate majority
REPUBLICANS: Moderates: misnamed GIRONDINS
Radical: JACOBINSsupported by Sans
Culottes Extremist: MONTAGNARDS
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LOUIS XVI attemped to escape.
He and his family were stopped.
First time: THE REPUBLIC is possible.
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Monarchies of Europe considered intervene:
EMPEROR OF AUSTRIA (Marie Antoinette´s brother)
Legislative Assembly preemptively declared war on Austria: april 1792
AUSTRIA vs FRANCEPRUSSIA
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Initial battles of the war: DISASTER
SANS COLOTTESLA COMMUNE RIOTS IN PARISPEOPLE OF PARIS
10 august 1792 assaulted the Tuileries Palace
The King took refuge in the Legislative Assembly
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LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY just 1/3 of the deputies were present, most of the Jacobins.
Suspend the King
Decreed the convocation of a NATIONAL CONVENTION elected by universal male suffrage
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2 september 1792: Prussian army invaded France
Mob (Sans Culottes
supported by Jacobins and Montagnards)
Killed 1500 prisioners
SEPTEMBER MASSACRES
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1ST ERUPEAN ELECTIONS WITH UNIVERSAL MALE SUFFRAGE
NATIONAL CONVENTION: legislative power
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The National Convention proclaimed:
FRENCH FIRST REPUBLIC
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January 1793: LOUIS XVI was executed by guillotine
European monarchies declared war on France
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War went badly
Price increase
Sans culottes riots
Counter-revolutionary activities
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Mop and La Commune sorrounded the National Convention
Demanded the arrest of the “Girondins”
The National Convention surrendered to the threat
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Canons aim to the National Convention
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Jacobins controlled the Convention
They created: COMMITEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY
led by ROBBESPIERRE
de facto executive goverment
no power to the Legislative assembly
really: DICTATORSHIP
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Levée en masse
Law of the Maximus: price controls
Cult of reason: closed the churchs
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Levée en masse
◦ obligatory military service.
◦ 300.000 men from all the departments of France.
◦ some departments refused to the Levée:
WAR IN THE VENDÉE REVOLT IN LYON
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Law of the Maximum:
setting price limit
trying to establishing a managed economy
consequences:
killing those hid food: TERROR
shortage
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CULT OF REASON
was replaced by
CULT OF THE SUPREME BEING
became a state religion by Robbespierre
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Almost 200.000 people were killed:
◦ 1st: counter-revolutionary
◦ 2nd: counter-jacobins
◦ 3rd: counter-Robbespierre
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July 1794 COUP D´ETAT (moderates)
Jacobins and Robespierre
were guillotined
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French conservative bourgeoisie
European absolutism
French absolutism
French extremism
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Limited suffrage
Separation of powers
Executive: THE DIRECTORY
Legislative: bicameral
COUNCIL OF FIVE HUNDRED
COUNCIL OF ANCIENTS
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WAR POWER TO THE
ARMY
European kingdoms
Absolutist threats
Radical threats
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The most famous militar was a young officer from Corsica
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE
Victories in Italy (1797) and Egypt (1798) Napoleon crossing the Alps, David
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Bonaparte with the support of moderate group:
End of DIRECTORY
COUP D´ETAT
Start of CONSULATE