French RevolutionRevolution led by a middle class

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French Society pre-1789

The Clergy

The Nobility

Everyone else

During ournew seat arrangement,where were the clergysitting?The Nobility?Everyone else?

1. Economic gap between 3 classes or estates in France

Long Term Causes

2. Unfair Tax SystemThird estate paid all the

taxes

What represented

taxes the third

estate had to

pay during our

new seating

arrangement?

Long Term Causes3. Unfair Political system

First Estate Second Estate Third EstateX X X X X X X X

X X X X

X X X X

X X X X

X X X X

X X X X

1 Vote1 Vote

1 VoteX= Representative

When was this unfair

voting system evident in

our seating arrangement?

Why Revolt in 1789?Immediate Causes

1. Enlightenment Period

2. Poor leadership: Louis XVI

Immediate Causes

Immediate Causes

3. Financial Crisis-debt and famine

4. American Revolution

Immediate Causes

Example to follow

Phases of the French Revolution

1. Moderate PhaseGoal: Create Constitutional MonarchMethod: Peaceful Protests, meetings

Result: New Constitution,New set of liberties-Declaration of the Rights of Man

2. Radical Phase

Phases of the French Revolution

Goal: Create a republic

Method: “Remove” king/ nobility, use ViolenceResults: Mass executions- Reign of Terror

3. Conservative or Reactionary Phase

Phases of the French Revolution

Goal: Restore peace/order

Method: Quick takeover of power by Napoleon

Result: Creation of Empire system— One ruler

The Rise of NapoleonWhy???

1. Product of French Revolution

2. Talented general who became a national hero

3. Joins coup that takes over Directory

Middle Class CorsicanRise through talent

Military VictoriesRestored order in Paris

(Corrupt govt.)Manipulates into becoming emperor

A. Invaded Spain/ Portugal leading to bloody revolutions

B. French blockade attempts of ports of trade anger allies

C. Created first Public Education system

D. Equal opportunities for government positions

E. Equalized Taxes for all Frenchmen

F. Women’s rights were taken away

G. Invasion of Russia cripples French Army

H. Continental System stifled European trade

J. Created uniform code of laws (Civic Code)

K. Created National Bank to handle debt

L. Citizens no longer enjoy freedom of speech/press

I. Spread ideas of revolution (equality and nationalism) to rest of Europeans

Downfall • Could not counter British navy

• Guerilla movements in Spain and Portugal• Invasion of Russia

• Final defeat at Waterloo

Battle of Trafalgar- Napoleon’s first defeat

Winter and Size of Russia

Moscow

Paris

Route of French Army

After marching 2000 miles, army reached the city limits of Moscow

Downfall • Could not counter British navy

• Guerilla movements in Spain and Portugal• Invasion of Russia

• Final defeat at Waterloo

Battle of Trafalgar- Napoleon’s first defeat

Winter and Size of Russia

combined European armies

Paris

Europe 1811

Shade:

French Empire

Controlled by Napoleon

At war with Napoleon

Europe 1815

Questions:

What is the most significant difference between Europe in 1811 and Europe in 1815?

What must have happened that accounts for this difference?