french revolution & napoleon queen marie antoinette, king louis xvi
TRANSCRIPT
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French Revolution &
Napoleon
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Queen Marie Antoinette, King Louis XVI
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The Eve of Revolution
• 1789• French Old Order/Three Estates
1. Clergy2. Nobility3. Everyone else
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Enlightenment Ideas
• Questioning inequalities of Old Regime
• Third Estate calls for change
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France’s Problems
• 1. Financial troubles– Deficit spending– National debt from war/extravagances
• 2. Economic Reforms– Need for taxing 1st and 2nd
• 3. Refusal to call Estates-General
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Fixing the Problems…maybe
• Louis XVI calls Estates-General to meet– Preparing cahiers
• May-June 1789– 3rd declares themselves as National
Assembly– Tennis Court Oath
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TENNIS COURT OATH
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Storming the Bastille
• July 14, 1789• 800 Parisians gather around Bastille
• Bastille Day– French Independence Day
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S2: The French Revolution Unfolds
• “Great Fear”
• Marquis de Lafayette– U.S.– Natl Guard
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National Assembly
• Ends their own privileges– “Feudalism is abolished!”
• Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen– Similar to the ____– UH….women?
• Liberte, Equalite, Fraternite!
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Women in Versailles
• BREAD!
• Marie Antoinette…GRR!!!!
• Versailles Tuileries
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National Assembly
• Lots of debt take over Church lands!
• Church under state control conflict
• Constitution of 1791 limited monarchy instead of absolute, reformed laws, collect taxes, separation of Church and state, equality for male citz.
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RUN!!!
• Louis and Marie attempt to…escape.
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Radicals Take Over
• Emigres nobles, clergy who fled– Thus, European rulers are NOT supportive– Enlightenment ideas?
• National Assembly becomes Legislative Assembly– Jacobins (middle class)
• Sans-culottes- radicals who wanted a republic
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Radicals Take Over
• Jacobins want REVOLUTION!
• Declare war on Prussia, Austria, Britain, etc.
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S3: Radical Days of the Revolution
• 1793 Radical Phase
• French troops decimated by Prussian forces, some royalists become emigres
• Radicals take control of the L.A.–Becomes National Convention• Extends suffrage
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Radical France
• Votes to abolish the monarchy
• Establish French Republic
• Louis XVI tried by the Convention and put to death– Vote! Every vote counts…– January 1793– October 1793
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The French Republic
• Committee of Public Safety–Massive tax on ALL for war– Trials and executions – Crushing peasant revolts
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The Reign of Terror
• Maximilien Robespierre “The Incorruptible”– Favored by Jacobins, sans-culouttes– “Liberty cannot be secured unless
criminals lose their heads”– Architect of the Reign of Terror• 1793-1794• Guillotine
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Stage 3 Revolution
• 3rd Constitution by the moderates• Moderates hold power from 1795-
1799• Sets up the Directory • Problems:
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Napoleon Bonaparte
• Politicians planned to use him…he outwits them all!
• Nationalism
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S4: The Age of Napoleon
• 1799-1815• Favors radicals and a republic• Victorious general (hid losses)
politics• Ends Directory, begins Consulate– First Consul
• 1804- Emperor of the French!– Democratic despotism
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Napoleon’s Reforms
• Controls prices, public works projects• Concordat of 1801• Emigres need to oath of loyalty• Napoleonic Code–Women lost rights–Male dominated family– Religious tolerance– Ends serfdom– Careers based on talent, merit
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Napoleon’s Empire
– 1812 farthest extent
• Map of Europe is redrawn!• Abolished Holy Roman Empire• Britain evades Napoleon through sea
power– Battle of Trafalgar– Continental System
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Napoleon’s Downfall
• Nationalism beats Napoleon
RUSSIA 1812• Tsar Alexander I– Scorched earth policy
• Napoleon’s Grand Army– 1000 mile retreat
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Napoleon’s Defeat
• Due to defeat, new alliance:– Prussia, Russia, Austria, Britain– Defeats Napoleon in 1813
• Napoleon will abdicate– Sent to Elba– Louis XVIII is now King – 1815…he’s baaaaaaaaaaaaack….
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Napoleon’s Defeat II
• Battle of Waterloo (Belgium)-– Britain’s Duke of Wellington– Abdicates again to St. Helena
• Napoleon dies in 1821• HRE becomes Germany• Rise of nationalism• Sold LA Territory
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End of the War
• Congress of Vienna- meeting to decide the end…–Main goal is a lasting peace – Protect monarchies– Surrounds France with strong countries– Establish the principle of legitimacy
• Quadruple Alliance– PRAB
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End of the War
• Concert of Europe– Powers meet periodically to discuss
problems facing Europe– No European wars for 100 years!
War ended in 1814…in one hundred years….
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Images Used• French Revolution Charts: http://
westerncivguides.umwblogs.org/files/2011/11/causes_french_revolution3.gif • Guillotine: http://content.answcdn.com/main/content/img/getty/7/9/2695379.jpg • Marie Antoinette: http://
www.history.com/images/media/slideshow/french-revolution/marie-antoinette.jpg • King Louis xvi: http://
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Ludvig_XVI_av_Frankrike_portr%C3%A4tterad_av_AF_Callet.jpg
• Pyramid: http://relay-of-revolutions.wikispaces.com/file/view/3_Estates_Pyramid_annielo822.png/158885463/480x385/3_Estates_Pyramid_annielo822.png
• Tennis Court Oath: http://myweb.rollins.edu/jsiry/David_Jeu_de_Paume.jpg • Stormig of Bastille: http://
media.web.britannica.com/eb-media/98/90498-004-CEB880DC.jpg • Marquis Lafayette: http://
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Gilbert_du_Motier_Marquis_de_Lafayette.PNG
• Louis XVI coins: http://img.ma-shops.com/almanumis/pic/combined697.jpg • Napoleon: http://
www.findingdulcinea.com/docroot/dulcinea/fd_images/features/profiles/b/napoleon-bonaparte/features/0/image.jpg
• Google Maps: www.google.com/maps