FANTASY IN WALL AND STREET

PAINTING

Table of contents

• Definition..........................................................................................................3

• History...............................................................................................................4

• What are murals made from?............................................................................5

• What are frescoes being done on?....................................................................6

• How to make a frescoes in steps (1,2,3)...........................................................7

• Subject matter of frescoes................................................................................10

• Fantasy in the frescoes.....................................................................................11

• Subject matter of fantasy frescoes...................................................................12

• Frescoes - stories and fairytales for children - photos.....................................13

• Frescoes - legend and myths - photos..............................................................14

• Fantasy frescoes invented by the author..........................................................15

• Fantasy frescoes on the floor - „Street painting”.............................................16

• Frescoes in Poland............................................................................................17

• Why do we make frescoes?...........................................................................18

DefinitonFresco- is any of several related mural painting types, done on

plaster on walls or ceilings. The word fresco comes from the Italian word affresco which

derives from the Latin word for

"fresh". Frescoes were often made

during the Renaissance and other early time

periods.

History The most famous are Minoan frescos with religous,

plants and animal motives and mysterious tauromachies on (scenes of the fight or games with bulls). In XIV and

XV in real murals, that is buon fresco (made on fresh and still humid plaster), have been figurehead quite rarely. A partial fresco was more popular, that is al fresco - after drying they were making alterations with the help of

organic dyes. An intense development of the fresco has taken place from Giotta. The most popular frescos were

in Renaissance. After the baroque the mural was a technique given up. From XVII to XIX in. al fresco were

mixed with al secco.

What are murals made from ?

• the first layer amiciato• slaked lime• chips of bricks or stones• coarse sand• the second layer intonaco• slaked lime• fine sand or marble dust• rainwater

What are frescoes beingdone on?

*floors* *walls*

*ceilings*

How to make a fresco in steps(1)

1.) Full scale detailed compositional rendering - cartoon should be developed and pounced tracing made.

2.) Color study should be created, it will be used for mixing right color tones and general color reference.

3.) Plaster has to be prepared a few days in advance (the earlier the better - lime needs time to "adopt itself to the sand and gain plasticity) in proportion of 8 parts extra fine sand to 5 parts slaked (pitted) lime or so with the least water possible.

4.) Panel must have three coats of plaster put on previously with intervals of 5 days in between the coats or "wet on wet". (scratch, brown/rough/float (arriccio), coat names reflect the grade of sand - coarse, rough, fine). After preceding coats are completely dry, depending on the size of the panel 2-7 days, an "Intonaco" - final, painting coat is applied on the day of painting. In the beginning it is better to use a ceramic tile and only 2 coats "Arriccio" (base coat) and "Intonaco" (actual painting coat).

How to make a fresco in steps (2)

5.) It helps to grind the base pigments with water into the paste in advance storing them in sealed glass jars, this way in the morning (before the painting begins) will be more time to prepare tone mixes. To start try about 12 different colors. Use freshly ground dry lime mixed with water as white (pigments mixed with lime and lime mixed for whites can not be saved) all mixes should be done ONLY with distilled water. The best working pigments in fresco are the earth oxides and other mineral pigments. Some pigments will not work with lime plaster at all - some man made greens change to yellow as being mixed, so as many other modern day pigments except the ones that specially formulated for the use with plasters. Test the colors in advance by mixing little portions of them with lime, also most of art supply stores should have reference material on traditional fresco palette.

6.)Use soft long bristle brushes of various sizes round and flat.

7.) After the final intonaco (painting plaster coat) is applied, it should be left for about 20min to settle. Before starting painting make sure that plaster is firm to touch and will not dent if pressed with a finger.

How to make a fresco in steps (3)8.)Tracing from the cartoon pounced along the lines with needle or pouncing

wheel is laid over the plaster and dusted over with charcoal or simply incised (pressed along the lines) by the opposite end of a thin brush to provide the

base guideline for the painting process. The under-painting is done with terra verde (green earth pigment) with shadows enhanced in umber (picture on the

right) or with other colors, but remember in fresco it is not possible to completely paint out a "wrong" color therefore every tone should be carefully

planned. Another thing to remember is that plaster behaves differently during the day - it will need more water in the tones at the beginning and the end of the day then in the middle and do not keep to much paint on the brush

- it will result in "blobs" squeeze it slightly between the fingers before touching the plaster.

9.)The end of the day for the fresco painter is the most pleasant stage the plaster enters what is sometimes called "the golden hour" - painting is 3/4 done and plaster is in it's best stage. Time to finish the detail pickup and

blend color tones by passing over and over with lairs of transparent color at (this stage the color mixes should be "wet" again). Painter must work fast and precise at this stage because "golden hour" also means that plaster will soon "lock up" - stop receiving paint (the paint will change to much lighter opaque

tone as soon a it touches the plaster - that is it put the brush down!). One thing to remember is that in the next seven or so days following the painting the fresco will be undergoing the curing stage and this is a confidence test

for the Artist. Colors dry at different speed and plaster is naturally compacted unevenly although it looks flat and perfect changes to white faster in more compacted areas. These are to of many other factors that make color in fresco change into discouraging cacophony for the first few days after the

painting is finished. But do not worry in about 7-10 days it will look even more beautiful and just a little lighter then the day it was painted.

Subject matter of murals

• Religion• Fantasy• Plants• Animals• Views• People• Emotions• Different situations

Fantasy in the frescos

Some people like very much to

paint the fantasy murals. They

show creatures (dragons, trolls, magic animals) , situations and

places from films, books and myths.

They do it in different places

and different technics. Effects of them work are

amazing.

Subject matter of fantasy frescoes- Situations, creatures, animals, places and people from:-Stories, fairytales for children

-Legends

-Myths

-Invented by the author of the fresco/mural

-On the floor

Frescoes - Stories and fairytales for children

Frescoes - Legends & Myths

Fantasy frescoes invented by the authors

Fantasy frescoes on the floor„Street painting”

Frescoes in PolandThe most famous Polish frescoes are in :

-Chapel of the Saint Threesome in Lublin

-The Tower in Sedlęcin

-The Church of the Saint Elisabeth in Wrocław

Chapel of the Saint Threesome in Lublin

Why do we make a frescoes?

We are participants of Comenius. It’s a project funded partially by the European Union. Comenius is concentrating on different types of a wall painting, m. in. exactly murals. A few schools are on a project from various countries – of France of Italy and Sweden. This project is divided in 3 stages. In first we are acquiring the knowledge for the theme of epics and presentations. There is also a first exchange – students are coming to Poland from other countries.

~THE END~By Daria Klimczak and Anna Konieczna

class I F