fresh-cut wastewater disinfection by solar processes: the ... · 8 iwaresa 2018 june 11th-15th...

Fresh-cut wastewater disinfection by solar processes: the use of commercial iron micronutrient (Fe3+-EDDHA) for reusing

purposes

Samira Nahim Granados Solar Treatment of Water Unit E: [email protected]

IWA REGIONAL CONFERENCE OF WATER REUSE AND SALINITY MAGEMENT

June 11th-15th 2018, Murcia, Spain

Leila Samira Nahim Granados

María Inmaculada Polo López Isabel Oller Alberola Jose Antonio Sánchez Pérez Sixto Malato Rodríguez

2 iWaresa 2018 June 11th-15th 2018, Murcia, Spain

Contents

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Experimental Results

Conclusions


Introduction: Agriculture in Mediterranean region

Water Scarcity

Intensification of water stress:

• Climate change

• Socioeconomic changes:

population growth

Tools to improve the water

efficiency?

Unconventional water

supplys

Treatment and reuse in

agriculture of industrial

wastewater.


Introduction: Fresh-cut industry

E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella

ENTERIC DISEASES

Associate microbiological contamination

• Microbiological safety

• Reuse in agriculture: reduce water stress and water footprint

E. coli O157:H7 Infections Linked to Romaine Lettuce

35 states

197 infections

89 Hospitalizations

5 deaths


ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES FORBIDDEN IN SOME EUROPEAN

COUNTRIES

¿ALTERNATIVES?

Solar disinfection Processes

Introduction: Use of chlorine compounds in fresh cut industry


Introduction: Photochemical processes

Disinfection: 1. Absorption of chromophores 2. Internal ROS generation 3. Damage in membranes and protein oxidation

UVA-solar

H2O2/solar

Disinfection: UVA-solar damage & internal Photo-Fenton reactions

Castro-Alférez, M. et al. Sci. Rep. 6 (2016) 38145. McGuigan et al.,. J. Appl. Microbiol. 101 (2006) 453-463.

Sichel et al.., Water Reasearch, 43 (2009)1841-1850.

Fe /solar

Disinfection: 1. Adsorption of iron on bacteria: formation of photoactive complexes 2. Damage in membranes by oxidation processes


Fe2+ Fe3+

H2O2 HO•

Fenton, 1984.

Haber y Weiss, 1934

Pignatello, 1992

HO• hν

Photo-Fenton

Low demand energy Disinfection

Introduction: Photocatalytic processes

• Efficiency strongly reduced at neutral

pH: iron precipitation

• New sources of iron: chelates

Fe3+-EDDHA

Iron chlorosis


General objective: evaluate for the first time the efficiency of a commercial

iron fertilizer (Fe3+-EDDHA) for solar water disinfection using distilled water and synthetic wastewater of fresh cut industry contaminated with: Escherichia coli (O157:H7) & Salmonella enteritidis. A comparative analysis of iron chelate disinfection capability with other solar

processes (solar disinfection only, H2O2/solar, Fe3+/solar and traditional

photo-Fenton) is also evaluated.

Objective


Contents

Introduction



Conclusions


-Standard plate counting technique -Specific growing media

Enumeration of bacteria

E. coli O157:H7 Salmonella enteritidis

Cpathogen= 106 CFU/mL


Experimental procedure

Solar experiments

Solar batch reactor: • D= 6 cm • Virradiated = 200 mL (all)

Spectrophotometric measurements of: • Total iron • H2O2

Water matrices: • Distilled water • Synthetic Fresh-cut wastewater (25 mg/L of

DOC and 100 NTU)

250 mL

Bottlereactor

200 mL fungal

suspension

Glass cover

irradiating light

irradiating lightirradiating light

250 mL

Bottlereactor

200 mL fungal

suspension

Glass cover

irradiating light


Cubierta de vidrio

Suspensión de

esporas fúngicas

200mL

Agitador magnético

Luz solar

a)b)

250 mL

Bottlereactor

200 mL fungal

suspension

Glass cover

irradiating light


250 mL

Bottlereactor

200 mL fungal

suspension

Glass cover

irradiating light


Cubierta de vidrio

Suspensión de

esporas fúngicas

200mL

Agitador magnético

Luz solar

a)b)

250 mL

Bottlereactor

200 mL fungal

suspension

Glass cover

irradiating light


250 mL

Bottlereactor

200 mL fungal

suspension

Glass cover

irradiating light


Cubierta de vidrio

Suspensión de

esporas fúngicas

200mL

Agitador magnético

Luz solar

250 mL

Bottlereactor

200 mL fungal

suspension

Glass cover

irradiating light


250 mL

Bottlereactor

200 mL fungal

suspension

Glass cover

irradiating light


Cubierta de vidrio

Suspensión de

esporas fúngicas

200mL

Agitador magnético

Luz solar

250 mL

Bottlereactor

200 mL fungal

suspension

Glass cover

irradiating light


250 mL

Bottlereactor

200 mL fungal

suspension

Glass cover

irradiating light


Cubierta de vidrio

Suspensión de

esporas fúngicas

200mL

Agitador magnético

Luz solar

a)b)b) c)a)


Contents

Introduction



Conclusions


0 30 60 90 120 150 180-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

E. co

li O

15

7:H

7 (

Lo

g (

C/C

0))

Time (min)

0 30 60 90 120 150 180-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

E. co

li O

15

7:H

7 (

Lo

g (

C/C

0))

Time (min)

Results: DW disinfection by UVA-solar and Fe3+/solar comparing

the iron sources

0 30 60 90 120 150 180-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

E. co

li O

15

7:H

7 (

Lo

g (

C/C

0))

Time (min)

Solar only disinfection Fe3+-EDDHA/solar

● 0.5 mg/L

▲2.5 mg/L

5 mg/L Fe3+/solar

● 0.5 mg/L

▲2.5 mg/L

5 mg/L


0 30 60 90 120 150 180-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

E. co

li O

15

7:H

7 (

Lo

g (

C/C

0))

Time (min)

0 30 60 90 120 150 180-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

E. co

li O

15

7:H

7 (

Lo

g (

C/C

0))

Time (min)

Results: DW disinfection by UVA-solar and Fe3+/solar comparing

the iron sources

0 30 60 90 120 150 180-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

E. co

li O

15

7:H

7 (

Lo

g (

C/C

0))

Time (min)


● 0.5 mg/L

▲2.5 mg/L

5 mg/L Fe3+/solar

● 0.5 mg/L

▲2.5 mg/L

5 mg/L

0 30 60 90 120 150 180-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

S. en

teri

tid

is (

Lo

g (

C/C

0))

Time (min)


Results: Proposed inactivation mechanism by Fe3+-EDDHA solar processes

M. Vaara, Microbiol.Rev. 56 (1992) 395.

H. Pesonen, R. Aksela, K. Laasonen, J. Mol. Struct .: THEOCHEM, 804 (2007) 101.

Chelation of Ca2+ and Mg2+ at the

outer cell membrane

Changes in membrane

permeability

Increase the bacterial

susceptibility to solar radiation.


0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

E. co

li O

15

7:H

7 (

Lo

g (

C/C

0))

Time (min)

Results: SFCWW disinfection by UVA-solar and Fe3+/solar

comparing the iron sources


● 0.5 mg/L

▲2.5 mg/L

5 mg/L Fe3+/solar

● 0.5 mg/L

▲2.5 mg/L

5 mg/L

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

E. co

li O

15

7:H

7 (

Lo

g (

C/C

0))

Time (min)

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

E. co

li O

15

7:H

7 (

Lo

g (

C/C

0))

Time (min)


0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

E. co

li O

15

7:H

7 (

Lo

g (

C/C

0))

Time (min)

Results: SFCWW disinfection by UVA-solar and Fe3+/solar



● 0.5 mg/L

▲2.5 mg/L

5 mg/L Fe3+/solar

● 0.5 mg/L

▲2.5 mg/L

5 mg/L

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

E. co

li O

15

7:H

7 (

Lo

g (

C/C

0))

Time (min)

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

E. co

li O

15

7:H

7 (

Lo

g (

C/C

0))

Time (min)

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

S.

en

teri

tid

is (

Lo

g (

C/C

0))

Time (min)


0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

E. co

li O

15

7:H

7 (

Lo

g (

C/C

0))

Time (min)

Results: SFCWW disinfection by H2O2/solar and photo-Fenton


H2O2/ solar

● 1 mg/L

▲5 mg/L 10 mg/L

Fe3+-EDDHA/ H2O2 /solar ● 0.5: 1 mg/L

▲ 2.5: 5 mg/L

5: 10 mg/L Photo-Fenton/solar

● 0.5: 1 mg/L

▲ 2.5: 5 mg/L

5: 10 mg/L

0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

E. co

li O

15

7:H

7 (

Lo

g (

C/C

0))

Time (min)

0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

E. co

li O

15

7:H

7 (

Lo

g (

C/C

0))

Time (min)


0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

S.e

nte

riti

dis

(L

og

(C

/C0))

Time (min)

0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

E. co

li O

15

7:H

7 (

Lo

g (

C/C

0))

Time (min)

Results: SFCWW disinfection by H2O2/solar and photo-Fenton


H2O2/ solar

● 1 mg/L

▲5 mg/L 10 mg/L

Fe3+-EDDHA/ H2O2 /solar ● 0.5: 1 mg/L

▲ 2.5: 5 mg/L

5: 10 mg/L Photo-Fenton/solar

● 0.5: 1 mg/L

▲ 2.5: 5 mg/L

5: 10 mg/L

0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

E. co

li O

15

7:H

7 (

Lo

g (

C/C

0))

Time (min)

0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

E. co

li O

15

7:H

7 (

Lo

g (

C/C

0))

Time (min)


Contents

Introduction



Conclusions


Conclusions

For the first time, the capability of a commercial iron chelate Fe3+-EDDHA as water disinfectant agent in combination with natural solar radiation has been demonstrated.

An inactivation mechanism of the process Fe3+-EDDHA /solar has been proposed.

E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella sub enteritidis have been successfully inactivated in both water matrices by Fe3+-EDDHA/ solar with or without addition of H2O2 requiring very low reagent concentrations. The implementation of this process will allow:

The wastewater reuse for irrigation reducing the water footprint of the fresh cut industry Contribute at the same time to remediate two important agriculture problems in the Mediterranean region: water scarcity and iron chlorosis.

Samira Nahim Granados Solar Treatment of Water Unit [email protected]

The authors wish to thank the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for financial support under the WATER4CROP project (Ref. CTQ2014-54563-C3-03) and ALICE project (GA: 734560) “AcceLerate Innovation in urban wastewater management for Climate changE” supported by the H2020-MSCA-2016 and also the Cooperation agreement between the University of Almería and PSA-CIEMAT for the financial support of my PhD scholarship.

Acknowledgments

Thank you for your attention

Fresh-cut wastewater disinfection by solar processes: the use of commercial iron micronutrient (Fe3+-EDDHA) for reusing

purposes

Samira Nahim Granados Solar Treatment of Water Unit E: [email protected]

IWA REGIONAL CONFERENCE OF WATER REUSE AND SALINITY MAGEMENT

June 11th-15th 2018, Murcia, Spain

Leila Samira Nahim Granados

María Inmaculada Polo López Isabel Oller Alberola Jose Antonio Sánchez Pérez Sixto Malato Rodríguez

fresh-cut wastewater disinfection by solar processes: the ... · 8 iwaresa 2018 june 11th-15th...

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