freshman / sophomore career planning guidehanover.k12.va.us/pos/hcps_fs_careerguide_web.pdf ·...

Freshman / Sophomore

C A R E E R P L A N N I N G G U I D E

H A N O V E R C O U N T Y P U B L I C S C H O O L S

C A R E E R P L A N N I N G C E N T E R S

H a n o v e r C o u n t y P u b l i c S c h o o l s C a r e e r P l a n n i n g C e n t e r

From The Counselors

Dear Student:This Guide is provided for you to explore career

and educational options. Your school counselor

and career counselor are both available to assist

you as you develop plans for your future. We

hope that you will find this Guide to be a

valuable resource during your Freshman and

Sophomore years of High School.

Best wishes!

Your Hanover County Career Counselors

F r e s h m a n / S o p h o m o r e C a r e e r P l a n n i n g G u i d e 3

C O N T E N T SAbout The Career Planning Center . . . . . . . . . . 5

Steps In Planning Your Career . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Tools For Career Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

Student Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

Educational and Career Options . . . . . . . . . . . .36

Glossary of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

For More Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52


CHAPTER 1

About theCareer Planning Center

H a n o v e r C o u n t y P u b l i c S c h o o l sC a r e e r P l a n n i n g C e n t e r S e r v i c e s

Students are encouraged to visit the Career Planning Center in

their school to learn more about careers and planning options.

Check out our services:

✔ Assessments to identify interests, abilities, and career

values

✔ Career information, including job descriptions, salary,

outlook, related occupations, training options, and

sources of additional information

✔ Guidance in course selection

✔ Individual and small group counseling on career-related

topics

✔ Consultation with teachers, parents, and community

members

✔ Posted opportunities for volunteering, part-time work,

full time work and summer employment opportunities

Envision Your FutureExplore Your Opportunities

at our Website:www.hcps.us/careers

http://www.hcps.us/careers

H a n o v e r C o u n t y P u b l i c S c h o o l s C a r e e r P l a n n i n g C e n t e r6

Career Planning ResourcesThe following resources are available in the Hanover County

Public Schools Career Planning Centers, located in each high school.

Contact a career counselor for more information!

Self Assessment

• Navigator (interests, abilities, work values)

• Virginia Education Wizard

Career Information

• Computer Resources

• Career and College Handbooks and Periodicals

• College Catalogs

• Career Speakers

Education/Training

• Apprenticeship

• Cooperative Education

• Dual Enrollment

• Electives

• Career or Technical Courses

Tools for Career Development

• Individual career plan

• Skills for job success

• Job search skills

• Résumé writing

• Interviewing skills

About the Career Center



Career Planning ToolsNavigator• Is an internet-based career guidance and information system

that provides information to help users make important career and educational decisions—whether seeking immediate employment, vocational training, college or military service.

• Has up-to-date databases of occupations, majors, schools and training institutions.• Offers inventories of interests, abilities and work-related values

to be completed on-line.• Offers assistance in writing résumés, completing job applications and interview

tips.

Website: www.kudernavigator.com• User Name: 1st initial last name, 1st initial first name, student # (plus 0’s in front

to have 6 total #’s); ex. Sally Jones, student # 9999, User name will be: js009999 THIS WILL ALWAYS BE YOUR USER NAME.

• Password: student # (plus 0’s in front to have 6 total #’s). ex. 009999

• On the left, go to My Profile. Under that, click on Edit. Very carefully edit your Personal Information. Include address, and YOUR e-mail plus your parent’s e-mail. Very important!

• Select Learn About Myself, then choose Take an Assessment.

• Choose Start Assessment. Take all three.

• In the Learn About Myself section of Navigator, choose View Occupations Suggested by Assessments.

• Click on the star (H) next to the occupation to save it to your favorite occupations list in your portfolio.

See your career counselor if you have difficulty accessing your account.

Virginia Education Wizard• Is an internet-based career guidance and information system that provides

information to help users make important career and educational decisions.• Has databases of occupations, majors, schools and training institutions in Virginia.• Offers inventories of interests, abilities and work-related values to be completed

on-line.• Offers assistance in writing résumés and interview tips.• Is available through an account set up by the student and may be accessed

through the Website – www.vawizard.org.

http://www.kudernavigator.com

http://www.vawizard.org



16 Career ClustersTechnological advances and global competition have transformed the nature of work. Tomorrow’s jobs will

require more knowledge, better skills, and more flexible workers than ever before. To prepare today’s

students for tomorrow, schools are working to help students achieve in challenging subjects. Career clusters

link what students learn in school with the knowledge and skills they need for success in college and careers.

Career clusters identify pathways from secondary school to two- and four-year colleges, graduate school, and the

workplace, so students can learn in school about what they can do in the future.

lAgriculture, Food & Natural ResourcesThe production, processing, marketing, distribution, financing, and development of agricultural commodities and resources including food, fiber, wood products, natural resources, horticulture, and other plant and animal products/resources.

lArchitecture & ConstructionCareers in designing, planning, managing, building and maintaining the built environment.

lArts, A/V Technology & CommunicationsDesigning, producing, exhibiting, performing, writing, and publishing multimedia content including visual and performing arts and design, journalism, and entertainment services.

lBusiness, Management & AdministrationBusiness Management and Administration careers encompass planning, organizing, directing and evaluating business functions essential to efficient and productive business operations. Business Management and Administration career opportunities are available in every sector of the economy.

lEducation & TrainingPlanning, managing and providing education and training services, and related learning support services.

lFinancePlanning, services for financial and investment planning, banking, insurance, and business financial management.

lGovernment & Public AdministrationExecuting governmental functions to include Governance;National Security; Foreign Service; Planning; Revenue andTaxation; Regulation; and Management and Administration at the local, state, and federal levels.

lHealth SciencePlanning, managing, and providing therapeutic services, diagnostic services, health informatics, support services, and biotechnology research and development.

lHospitality & TourismHospitality & Tourism encompasses the management, marketing and operations of restaurants and other food services, lodging, attractions, recreation events and travel related services.

lHuman ServicesPreparing individuals for employment in career pathways that relate to families and human needs.

lInformation TechnologyBuilding linkages in IT occupations framework: for entry level, technical, and professional careers related to the design, development, support and management of hardware, software, multimedia, and systems integration services.

lPublic Safety, Corrections & SecurityPlanning, managing, and providing legal, public safety, protective services and homeland security, including professional and technical support services.

lManufacturingPlanning, managing and performing the processing of materials into intermediate or final products and related professional and technical support activities such as production planning and control, maintenance and manufacturing/process engineering.

lMarketing, Sales & ServicePlanning, managing, and performing marketing activities to reach organizational objectives.

lScience Technology, Engineering & MathematicsPlanning, managing, and providing scientific research and professional and technical services (e.g., physical science, social science, engineering) including laboratory and testing services, and research and development services.

lTransportation, Distribution & LogisticsPlanning, management, and movement of people, materials, and goods by road, pipeline, air, rail and water and related professional and technical support services such as transportation infrastructure planning and management, logistics services, mobile equipment and facility maintenance.


CHAPTER 2

Steps In Career PlanningCareer Planning Process

Step I: Self-Assessment – Create Your Personal Profile

The first step in career planning is to gather information about your interests, abilities, work values and personal preferences. Your school counselor and career counselor can provide inventories and assessment tools that will give you the information needed to create your own personal profile. These assessment tools will suggest career areas to explore.

My Self-Assessment / Personal Profile

Suggested Career Areas

Interests:

Abilities:

Work Values

Other:

NAME:


Steps in Career Planning

NAME:

My Family Interview

The Family Interview offers an opportunity to practice your

interviewing skills and discover some interesting information by

talking with family members about their career paths.

Here are some questions to guide your conversation:

• What were your career plans or goals when you were my age?

• How did your family help you make career decisions when you were my age?

• What was it like for you to leave home and go to_____________ (work, college, military)?

• Did you change your career plan? If so, why?

• What do you hope for me to experience in my future?



NAME:

My Job/Career Profile

Step II: Career Exploration –

Explore Career Areas Suggested by Your Profile

You will use the career exploration

process many times throughout your

working life. You are involved in

career exploration whenever you

read information about careers of

interest in books, magazines or from

computer programs and Websites.

You may also talk with people in

various career areas about their

career paths and work. Many

students explore careers through

first-hand experiences such as

extra-curricular activities, part-time

employment, field trips or job

shadowing. Classes that relate to

your field of career interests are

other excellent ways to explore.

The Job/Career Profile at the

right can help you to evaluate

specific jobs within a career

area. Considering this

information can help you

decide whether or not you

want to keep the job on your

list of possible options

Name of Occupation:

Description of Work Tasks:

Work Setting:

Work Tools:

Training/Education Required for the Job:

Salary Range/Outlook:

Helpful Personal Qualities:

Related Occupations:

Career Research Methods:



Career Research MethodsRead

Your high school Career Planning Center, Media Center and

Counseling Office can provide many sources of print information

including the following resources:

• The Occupational Outlook Handbook

• Careers Series (Hardback and Paperback books)

• The Navigator (Internet Information)

• Career Guide for Virginia

• College Board Publications

• Virginia Education Wizard

Talk to People

You should supplement the information that you gather through written sources by

talking to people who have first-hand experience or knowledge about your area of

interest. You can do this informally by talking with family members, friends or teachers,

or formally through an Informational Interview. Unlike a job interview, the goal of an

informational interview is not to obtain employment, but to gain insights that are not

available through print resources.

Some examples of questions for an Informational Interview may include:

• What knowledge, skills, training or experience did you have for this job?

• What do you like most/least about your job?

• How did you find your job?

• What is a typical day like for you?

• How has technology impacted your job?

• Can you suggest anyone else that I may talk with about this field?



Personal Experience

You may gain career-related experience through school courses, extra-curricular

activities, part-time paid or unpaid employment, and short-term work-based

learning opportunities such as job shadowing, field trips and mentorships.

For example:

Occupation Experience

Musician Enroll in chorus, band or participate in

marching band.

Computer Programming Take a computer course or join a

computer club.

Medicine Volunteer at the hospital or rescue squad.

Building Trades Shadow a construction crew or seek

summer or part-time work in construction.

Education Participate in the SODA program, peer

assistant program, peer mediation program,

or teacher cadet program. Volunteer to tutor.

Chef Take the culinary arts class at The Hanover

Center for Trades & Technology.



NAME:

My Career Goal (Is it measurable, specific, attainable and realistic?)

My Goal is:

Steps Needed To Achieve My Goal:

Education/Training:

Supporting Experiences (informational interview, part-time employment, mentorship, shadowing, volunteer experience):

Obstacles to Overcome:

Contacts (Who can help me?, How?, When?):

Step III: My Action Plan

Before you create an action plan, review your readiness in each of the following areas:

• I am aware of job opportunities in the current job market and how trends will affect future opportunities.

• I know my own strengths and abilities.• I understand my own work values.• I have considered my resources and obligations.

Use the following format for planning your course of action:



Life-long LearningIf you take the career planning process seriously in high school, you will learn

enough about yourself and the world of work so that you will be able to

eliminate some career options. You will then be able to focus more fully on

exploring other career options. While it is not expected that you will choose

one career and never change your mind, the insights gained through the

career planning process should be relevant to you over time. The rapid pace

at which our world is changing requires self-knowledge and the ability to gain

new skills. The methods and techniques that you learn in this Guide will

continue to be useful to you throughout your adult life and career.


CHAPTER 3

Tools for Career Planning

My long-term goals for this school year are:

1.

2.

3.

The short-term goals that I must reach to achieve this goal are:

1.

2.

3.

People who can help me to achieve these goals are:

1.

2.

3.

My rewards for achieving these goals will be:

1.

2.

3.

Goals: Personal Challenges

NAME:

Steps for Goal Setting:

1. Identify your goal (long-term goal).

2. List the steps that you must take to reach your goal (short-term goals).

3. Set a date for reaching each short-term goal.

5. Plan the reward that you will receive when you reach your goal.

6. Check periodically on your progress.

7. Success! Your work and determination made it happen!



Use this checklist of activities to determine ways you may improve your methods of studying to increase academic success. Place a check in the box most appropriate to your personal habits. Check the “Goals” column for those skills you will try to use.

Activity Yes No Sometimes Goal

At HomeI have a specific place at home to study, and I study in that place most of the time.My study place is free of distractions such as ringing phones, TV and loud music.I set aside 1 to 2 hours for study, but take a short break every 25 to 30 minutes.I review new material presented in class each day as part of my regular study session.I keep a calendar where I list all my personal activities, school activities, long-range assignments and major test dates.I get enough sleep so that I can be alert in my classes.

In ClassI look directly at the person who is speaking.I pay careful attention to gestures and verbal emphasis used by the speaker.I organize and keep a notebook or folder for every class.I have an assignment sheet for each class.I include main ideas, definitions and lists in my class notes.When taking notes, I use abbreviations or symbols for commonly known words.When taking notes, I leave spaces so that more details can be filled in later.I date each day’s notes and any teacher handouts for the day.I read and review my notes as soon after class as possible.

Test-TakingI do not avoid or put off studying for tests until the night before.I make notes from the textbook and study them before tests.I read all directions carefully before starting each section of the test.I pace myself during the test in order to spend more time on questions worth more points.When studying for essay tests, I make a rough outline of answers for possible questions and study the outlines.For multiple choice questions, I look for wrong answers, eliminate them and, if necessary, guess from the remaining choices.I answer easy questions or the ones I am sure I know FIRST.If I become anxious or nervous when taking a test, I stop, take a deep breath, and relax a moment before continuing the test.

NAME:

Study Skills Checklist



High School Departments Making CONNECTIONS ••w•i•t•h•• CAREERS

You may find subjects in a particular high school department that you enjoy. You may find greater success in some subjects that in others. There are careers associated with various high school departments.

This activity will help you see the connection between subjects you take in school and career possibilities. Match the occupations you think are most closely related to the departments listed. Some occupations may be matched with more than one high school department. Use the Navigator to find information about unfamiliar job titles.

For example: Someone who enjoys art and photography classes may want to investigate a career as a cinematographer.

1. Agriculture

2. Art

3. Business

4. Communications

5. English

6. World Languages

7. Health & Physical Education

8. Family & Consumer Science

9. Math

10. Music

11. Science

12. Social Studies

13. Career & Technical Education

(CTE) Radiographer

Club/Resort Manager

Human Resources Recruiter

Forestry Technician

Cartographer

TV Production Director

Firefighter

Physician Assistant

Crime Lab Analyst

Occupational Therapist

Lobbyist

Travel Agent

Sonographer

Security System Installer

Interior Designer

Fish & Game Warden

Landscape Architect

Dietitian/Nutritionist

Agricultural Engineer

Cinematographer

Cable TV System Installer

Security Guard

Choreographer

Meeting/Convention Planner

Customs Inspector

NAME:

High School Departments

Occupations



Planning Your High School ProgramYour Course Planning ChartObtaining information about the educational requirements of career options can help you plan your high school program of study. Identify one or more occupations. For each occupation, use the Navigator to determine suggested high school courses, college majors and educational/licensure requirements. Discuss this chart with your school counselor as you plan your course selections for next year.

Suggested Educational/ High School Course of Study/ Licensure Career Option Courses College Major Requirements

Optician Algebra II Opticianry Associate’s Degree Anatomy Health Professions Licensure Psychology Chemistry, Physics

Civil Engineer Pre-college math Civil Engineering Bachelor’s Degree (4 years) Master’s Degree helpful Chemistry, Physics Registration Computer Science 4 years work experience World Language National Exam



Skill Builder: THE FUTURE

NAME:

Before you begin to look for employment, it is a good idea to identify your skills. Everyone has specific abilities. Applicants should be prepared to list these on an application, résumé or during an interview. Here are just a few of the possibilities. Check off the skills that apply to you!

Helpful Hint: Most skills can be related to one of the four work tasks: Data (D), People (P), Things (T) or Ideas (I).

After identifying your skills, you may wish to consider opportunities to improve these skills and develop new ones. Here are some avenues for future skill development.

• Membership in clubs or sports

• Enrollment in classes

• Job shadowing

• Mentorships

• Internships

• Part-time jobs

• Summer jobs

• Summer camps or workshops

• Membership in community organizations

• Volunteer experiences

conduct a search on the internet (D)

tutor (P)

keyboarding (T)

design a poster (I)

plan a menu for your family (D)

babysitting (P)

paint a room (T)

take photographs (I)

calculate a grade point average (D)

volunteer in a hospital (P)

mow the lawn (T)

assist in the church music program (I)

coordinate a yard sale (D)

attend summer camp (P)

change a tire (T)

solve puzzles (I)

proofread your homework (D)

serve as a club officer (P)

build a wood project (T)

decorate a room (I)

serve as a school office assistant (D)

serve as a PEER or SODA (P)

deliver newspapers (T)

act in the school play (I)

conduct a science project (D)

volunteer at the local fire or police department (P)

garden/farming (T)

write in a journal (I)

plan a fundraiser (D)

participate on a team or committee (P)

horseback riding (T)

other

What Are Your Skills?



Not Yet 16, But Still Want A Job?If you are between the ages of 14 and 16, you will need a work permit. The administrative assistant in the counseling office has the appropriate forms needed to complete the procedures necessary before you begin your job. When you request these forms, you will also receive information about laws related to employment of minors.

Steps in the process.

1. Pick up two forms from the counseling office. The pink form is filled out by your parent and signed in front of a school administrative assistant or a notary. If a notary outside the school witnesses your parent’s signature, then he/she must put his/her seal on the form.

2. After you obtain employment, the white form is filled out by the employer and given back to you.

3. Bring both of these completed forms to the counseling office and your work permit will be issued.

4. Take the original copy of the work permit back to your em-ployer who will keep it in your employee file.

Teenagers 14 or 15 years of age:

✔ May not work more than 3 hours a day on a school day.

✔ May not work more than 18 hours a week in a

school week.

✔ May not work more than 8 hours a day on a non-school day.

✔ May not work before 7 a.m. or after 7 p.m., except between June 1st and Labor Day, when work as late as 9 p.m. is allowed.

✔ May not work during school hours unless enrolled in a school work-training program.

✔ Must be given a 30-minute rest or meal period after 5 hours of continuous work.



Resources for the Part-Time / Summer Job SearchWhere to Locate Work Opportunities

When you decide to seek part-time or seasonal employment, consider a number of options.

Restaurants – Options include fast food, family dining and elegant dining. Consider what you can learn about the restaurant business, business ownership and franchising.

Amusement Parks – Consider what you can learn about business, teamwork and customer service.

Summer Camps, Resorts, or Local Recreation Associations/Country Clubs – Consider the opportunity to travel or enjoy the amenities of the club.

Small Businesses – Look for entry level jobs. Typing and computer skills are helpful. Consider what you can learn about the business.

Local Government Agencies – Consider what you can learn about human service occupations through county recreation offices or social service agencies.

Retail Establishments – Consider what you can learn about business and marketing. Look for positions in a grocery store, clothing store or other retail business.

Work for Yourself – Create a job mowing lawns, caring for children, painting houses, washing cars, teaching computer skills, or creating Websites. Use neighborhood newsletters or directories to advertise your services.

Classified Ads – Although most ads are aimed towards permanent full-time employees, the on-line classifieds allow a search for part-time work. Check your daily newspaper or the classifieds on-line at www.gatewayva.com.

Community Bulletin Boards – Local libraries, community centers and businesses may maintain bulletin boards that contain job postings.

Employment Agencies – Employment agencies may be helpful in matching your skills to available jobs, especially for summer employment.

Counseling Office/Career Center – Each high school counseling office/career center maintains a notebook containing job postings provided by area employers and community members.

Help-Wanted Signs - Many businesses post signs indicating that applications for employment are available. Visit local business centers, industrial centers or retail centers.

Newsletters – Check newsletters of organizations to which you belong for opportunities.

Personal Network – Identify your skills and ask family and friends about work opportunities.

Telephone Book and Yellow Pages – Look for a listing of local businesses alphabetically in the telephone book or by type of business or service in the Yellow Pages.

The Hanover Career Student Resource Guide – This directory includes profiles of local businesses that offer opportunities for jobs, training and career exploration. The Website is www.hanovercareers.org. Select E-Guide. Students may create their own personal Log-in ID and password for the E-Guide.

http://www.gatewayva.com

http://www.hanovercareers.org




NetworkingMany of the best jobs available are never

advertised in newspapers or on the internet.

These jobs make up what is called the hidden

job market. They are the jobs that are filled

as people inform each other of available jobs

and potential applicants. Networking is the

process of talking to people that you know

about the type of work in which you are

interested. It involves informing them of your

interests and skills and asking if they know

of anyone that could help you to attain your

goals. You establish your network by starting

with people that you know such as close

family and friends. Your network is expanded

as these people introduce you to those that

they know through work or community involvement.

Tips for Developing Your Network

1. Make a list of people that you know well and who would be willing to help you to reach your goals. These are your primary contacts.

2. Ask your primary contacts to think of people that they know who have jobs in your field of interest. These are your secondary contacts.

3. Keep a log containing the names, phone numbers and addresses of your secondary contacts.

4. When talking with people, listen more than you talk.

5. Follow through on advice from your contacts.

6. Remember to thank your primary and secondary contacts for their help and let them know when you have obtained a job.

The Hidden Job MarketIt’s no secret that some of the best opportunities are never advertised. These positions are filled by employers who ask their colleagues for recommended applicants. How can you be sure you’re not overlooked in this market? Talk to others about your career goals, and work to create your own network!



ReferencesReferences are people who know you as a worker,

student or friend and who can tell employers or

college admissions committee members what

you are like as a person. A name should never

be listed as a reference unless you have first

asked the person to serve as a reference for

you. Be sure that you always give complete

information (address, telephone number, and any

other information that is requested) about your

references.

Employers, organizations offering scholarships

and colleges may ask for references. Make sure

that you follow the directions given for listing

specific references.

There are generally two types of references:

1. Professional Reference - Someone with

whom you have worked. This person should

know what kind of worker you are and be able

to verify where and when you have worked.

Employers, teachers, and counselors can be

professional references.

2. Personal Reference – A neighbor or friend who

knows you well. This person should be able to

tell the person looking at your application what

kind of person you are. Relatives should not be

used as personal references.

Perhaps the easiest way to make this request is

by telephone or by a personal visit. There may

be times when you will need to write a letter to

get permission from your references to use his/

her name. It will help the person writing the

recommendation to know the name/organization

and appropriate address for the letter. It is also

helpful at times to include other information such

as hobbies, school activities, community service

and the way the letter will be used so the person

writing the letter will know how to focus the

content of the letter of recommendation.

When you get the job, are accepted at a college or

university or win a special honor, write your

reference a thank you note. You may telephone

him/her or make a personal visit, but the warm and

sincere written expression of appreciation is a large

measure of reward for the person who helped you.

You are now a winner. Everybody likes to be part

of a winning team.

As a courtesy, please allow the person you ask to write this letter at least three weeks to complete it .



Completing the Job ApplicationThe job application is the employer’s first opportunity to form an

impression of you. Make sure that it is neat and well-presented. Here

are some suggestions to help you make a good impression with your

application.

1. Make a copy of the application to use as a practice copy before you

complete your final copy.

2. Type the application or print neatly. Complete the application on-line if

available.

3. If your handwriting is difficult to read, print in black ink so that your

application is easily read.

4. Always notify persons that you plan to use as references before writing

their name on your application. A call from your potential employer

should not be a surprise to your references.



The Interview: An Opportunity to Win1. Know your interests, abilities, and experiences as they relate to the desired

occupation.

2. Gather data about your work history and references. A pocket résumé is an excellent reference tool. If appropriate, bring a portfolio of your work samples.

3. Learn about the desired occupation and business. You may wish to research job expectations and benefits, as well as the company’s philosophy, goals, history, etc. You may want to “scout” the location prior to the day of the interview, to avoid last-minute pressure.

4. Plan your interview attire. Plan to dress appropriately for the work setting you wish to enter.

5. Practice interviewing. Ask your career counselor, school counselor, family or friends to interview you. Although you do not want to appear rehearsed with memorized answers to questions, it is advisable to consider your answers to some of the more common questions.

6. After the interview, remember to write a thank-you letter to your interviewer.

Common Interview Questions

Tell me about yourself.

Why are you interested in this job?

How would other people describe you?

Where do you see yourself in five years?

Describe three skills that you have which relate to this job.

Describe a situation in which you worked with others to solve a problem.

Give an example of a time you showed leadership and initiative.

What is one of your major weaknesses and how do you deal with this on the job?

What questions do you have about this position or our company?



Workplace Readiness Skills for the CommonwealthNEEDS IDENTIFIED BY VIRGINIA EMPLOYERS

PERSONAL QuALITIES AND PEOPLE SkILLS

PROFESSIONAL kNOWLEDGE AND SkILLS

POSITIVE WORk ETHIC

Comes to work every day on time, is willing to take direction and is motivated to accomplish the task at hand.

TEAMWORk

Contributes to the success of the team, assists others and requests help when needed.

SPEAkING AND LISTENING

Follows directions and communicates effectively with customers and fellow employees.

DIVERSITY AWARENESS

Works well with all customers and coworkers.

CREATIVITY AND RESOURCEFULNESS

Contributes new ideas and works with initiative.

CRITICAL THINkING AND PROBLEM SOLVING

Analyzes and resolves problems that arise in completing assigned tasks.

INTEGRITY

Abides by workplace policies and laws and demonstrates honesty and reliability.

SELF-REPRESENTATION

Dresses appropriately and uses language and manners suitable for the workplace.

READING AND WRITING

Reads and interprets workplace documents and writes clearly.

CONFLICT RESOLUTION

Negotiates diplomatic solutions to interpersonal and workplace issues.

HEALTH AND SAFETY

Follows safety guidelines and manages personal health.



TECHNOLOGY kNOWLEDGE AND SkILLS

Professional knowledge and Skills, continued

OrGanIzaTIOns, sysTems and ClImaTes

Identifies “big picture” issues and his or her role in fulfilling the mission of the workplace.

jOB ACqUISITION AND ADVANCEMENT

Prepares to apply for a job and to seek promotion.

jOB-SPECIFIC TECHNOLOGIES

Selects and safely uses technological resources to accomplish work responsi-bilities in a productive manner.

MATHEMATICS

Uses mathematical reasoning to accom-plish tasks.

INTERNET USE AND SECURITY

Uses the internet appropriately for work.

LIFELONG LEARNING

Continually acquires new industry-related information and improves professional skills.

TIME, TASk AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Organizes and implements a productive plan of work.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Uses computers, file management techniques and software/programs effectively.

CUSTOMER SERVICE

Identifies and addresses the needs of all customers, providing helpful, courteous and knowledgeable service.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Selects and uses appropriate devices, services and applications.

—provided by the Demographics & Workforce Group, Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service, University of Virginia



School Work Habits: THE KE Y TO JOB SUCCESSMany of the habits that you develop in the academic setting are skills which will lead to success in the workplace. Consider the consequences of practicing and not practicing each of the following habits.

Work Habit Consequences

Positive NegativeTASK-RELATED SKILLS:

Completes work on time

School

Work

Works to improve performance

School

Work

COMMITMENT TO A JOB:

Attendance

School

Work

Enthusiastic learner

School

Work

RELATIONS WITH OTHERS:

Accepts authority

School

Work

Team player

School

Work

—continued on next page



School Work Habits, continued

Work Habit Consequences

Positive NegativeMATURITY:

Accepts responsibility

School

Work

Shows initiative

School

Work

HEALTH & SAFETY:

Good personal hygiene

School

Work

Appropriate dress

School

Work


CHAPTER 4

Student RecordsWhat Every Student Needs To Know

About High School Records

A cumulative record for each student is maintained in the school counseling office. This record contains all grades, testing information, and medical records.

Your TranscriptEach student has a transcript, which is a record of all middle school and high school classes, grades, class rank, and attendance. Transcripts are updated each year to reflect current information. Colleges, scholarship organizations, and employers may request a copy of your transcript. If you would like a copy of your transcript, you should present a request in writing signed by a parent or guardian.

Your GPAGPA is an abbreviation for grade point average. When you complete a Carnegie unit credit class, your final grade is assigned a quality point value.

Standard Classes Advanced ClassesA = 4 quality points A = 5 quality pointsB = 3 quality points B = 4 quality pointsC = 2 quality points C = 3 quality pointsD = 1 quality point D = 2 quality pointsF = 0 quality points F = 0 quality points

A GPA is calculated by dividing the total number of quality points earned by the total number of credits attempted. Your GPA is used to calculate your class rank. Colleges and employers may consider your GPA when comparing you to other applicants.



This is an example of a student’s grade point average:

Classes Final Grade Quality PointsEnglish 9 A 4Algebra I B 3World History B 3 24Biology I, Adv. B 4 Total quality PointsHealth/P.E. A 4German I C 2Art I A 4 24 Quality Points divided by 7 Credits (24 / 7 = 3.429) The GPA for this student is 3.429

Let’s try to calculate your grade point average. Remember only classes which carry a Carnegie unit of credit count!

Classes Final Grade Quality Points

Total quality Points

_______ Quality Points divided by _______ credits attempted = ________

My grade point average is _______

NAME:

Calculating Your Grade Point Average

4.0


CHAPTER 5

Advanced Placement Courses These courses are taught on the college level and follow a curriculum developed by the College Board. Students may receive college credit by earning a satisfactory score on the AP Exam. Consult the College Handbook to determine policies for individual colleges and universities.

The International Baccalaureate

Program (IB) This program leads a student to pursue a prescribed curriculum with an emphasis on a global perspective. The curriculum focuses on six core areas: Language (English and a second language), Individuals and Society (Social Sciences), Experimental Science, Mathematics and The Arts. The IB diploma is recognized by colleges and universities throughout the world.

Dual Enrollment Courses Students age 16 and older may request enrollment in certain courses at J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College, Randolph Macon College or Virginia Commonwealth University. Students may choose to focus on an area of academic or career interest through these courses which offer both high school and college credit.

Cooperative Education Students may choose to focus on a career area and gain work experience through a co-op program. Students find employment in a job related to their course of study. The co-op teacher coordinates instruction with the work site supervisor.

Youth Apprenticeship A student in youth apprenticeship alternates work in an area of career interest with academic study. The student earns high school credit for the apprenticeship experience.

Hanover Center for Trades &

Technology A number of career and technical courses are offered through The Hanover Center for Trades & Technology. Many of the courses prepare students for professional licensure or certification exams in their chosen career area.

Teacher Cadet This course is designed for students considering education as a career and students interested in child development and learning. This project-based class includes required classroom observation and a field experience. Students must be prepared to travel to other schools in the immediate area during class time.

Educational & Career OptionsSecondary Options

You may select a number of options in high school that will support your educational and career goals.


Educational and Career Options

Emerging Leaders The Emerging Leaders course is offered through a partnership between Hanover County Public Schools and the Jepson School of Leadership Studies at the University of Richmond. The program begins with a Summer Leadership Institute and continues throughout the academic year. Students in the Gifted/Talented program may submit applications during the winter of their junior year.

G/T Mentorship Gifted and talented students may apply for a mentorship during their junior or senior year. Students are paired with community professionals who provide first-hand experiences in areas of career interest. Classroom simulations and projects supplement the workplace experience.

Junior Reserve Officer Training

(JROTC) The JROTC program focuses on building the traits and principles of leadership. Participation in the program will help students competing for JROTC scholarships and admission to service academies. Participation in the program does not obligate a student to enlist in the armed forces.

Service Learning Service Learning is a course through which students perform 105 documented hours of service to one non-profit agency. Students participating in service learning will meet as a class according to a schedule designated by the school principal. Service Learning is a partnership between Hanover County Public Schools and the Hanover County Department of Community Resources Volunteer Services Program.

For a complete list of secondary options

and diploma requirements, see

the Hanover County Public Schools

Program of Studies.



Secondary Options:Reach For The Stars And Make Your Wishes Come True

Write the number of the TITLES in the space provided by the OPTIONS you may choose in high school.

TITLES

1. Apprenticeship

2. AP Courses (Advanced Placement)

3. Dual Enrollment

4. HCTT Courses

5. Emerging Leaders

6. JROTC

7. Co-op

8. Mentorship

9. Service Learning

10. International Baccalaureate

SECONDARY OPTIONS

_______ Take a college level course in high school.

_______ Become certified to work in fields like Auto Mechanics Technology, Cosmetology or Construction Trades.

_______ Experience learning in a military setting.

_______ Earn college credit through examination.

_______ Develop a special relationship with a mentor in a field of career interest.

_______ Go on career-related field trips and job shadowing experiences.

_______ Pursue a high school program with a global perspective.

_______ Work, gain experience and earn money while earning high school credit.

_______ Earn high school credit while volunteering for a local non-profit agency.

_______ Identify leadership strengths and further develop leadership abilities.

_______ Earn high school and college credit at the same time.

_______ Learn career and technical skills.

NAME:



Post-Secondary Options:The Choice Is Yours

So what will you do after high school graduation?First, consider the career goals you have identified through the

Steps In Career Planning in Chapter One.Second, research the training options available for each goal.

Finally, compare each of your training options to determine which best

suits your needs.

APPRENTICESHIPS?

ON-THE-JOB TRAINING?

MILITARY OPTIONS?

CAREER AND TECHNICAL SCHOOLS?

T WO- AND FOUR-YE AR COLLEGES?



Post-Secondary OptionsAfter graduating from Hanover County Public Schools, you may choose from many paths as you journey into the future: apprenticeships, work force, military service, higher education or a combination of these. Careful planning is important. This Guide will help you continue your journey of decision-making and prepare for a prosperous future.

Apprenticeship Apprenticeship is a training program that allows individuals to prepare for a skilled occupation through supervised on-the-job training combined with classroom instruction.• An apprentice is a person (at least 16 years old) who is learning a trade through

on-the-job training and classroom instruction in accordance with federal and state apprenticeship standards.

• A journeyman is a person who has completed apprenticeship training in a trade or craft.

• A minimum of 144 hours for each year of apprenticeship is recommended. This instruction is offered at schools, community colleges, area vocational schools, and industrial settings.

• A minimum of 2,000 hours (one year) of supervised on-the-job training is recommended. However, many programs require 8,000 hours (four years).

• In the beginning, apprentices are usually paid about half the journeyman’s wage with increases about every six months. They can earn up to 90 percent of the journeyman’s wage near the completion of their training program.

• Employment is based on supply and demand; thus, the economy, labor supply and demand for a given occupation, location, and other factors determine the extent to which apprentices are needed. In some cases, there may be a waiting period for apprenticeship programs.

• Upon completion of training, apprentices receive certificates of completion from the state apprenticeship agency or from the Federal Bureau of Apprenticeship and Training.

• Additional information regarding programs accepting applications and other apprenticeship opportunities may be obtained from:

Virginia Department of Labor and IndustryApprenticeship Program

North Run Business Park • 1570 E. Parham RoadRichmond, Virginia 23228

Central Virginia Regional OfficeApprenticeship Program Representative

Phone: (804) 371-3104 ext 127www.doli.virginia.gov

http://www.doli.virginia.gov



On-The-Job TrainingThis option allows a person to work for a company or business that prefers to train the worker on the job. Ask about their programs for ongoing employee training.

Military OpportunitiesService AcademiesThe United States maintains five service academies: The United States Military Academy at West Point, New York; The United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland; The United States Air Force Academy at Colorado Springs, Colorado; The United States Coast Guard Academy at New London, Connecticut; and The United States Merchant Marine Academy at Kings Point, New York. The mission of the service academies is to provide the instruction and experience necessary to produce graduates with the knowledge, character, and leadership abilities to become career military officers. You must be 17 years old, have an above-average high school record with strong scores on the SAT or ACT and apply for a nomination from one of your United States senators, your congressional representative, or the Vice President of the United States. Contact your school counselor for additional information on the admissions process.

Reserve Officer Training Corp (ROTC)The ROTC program provides an opportunity to attend college while studying military leadership as part of a total undergraduate program. The program is divided into two courses, basic and advanced. The basic course is normally attended during your first two years of college with no military commitment. After completing this course, selected students may enroll in the advanced course. At this time you will incur a military obligation. Applications are available upon request from college ROTC units. Scholarships are available through ROTC programs.

Military EnlistmentThe U. S. Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines and Coast Guard provide job training in many fields as well as opportunities for enlistees to take college-level courses. The military services can also help you build a college fund.

The National Guard consists of two components: the Army National Guard (ARNG) and the Air National Guard (ANG). The National Guard is obligated to serve during natural disasters, civil disturbances and during wartime. Flexible scheduling allows the possibility of combining service in the National Guard with work or school. The Guard meets one weekend per month and two weeks in the summer. Educational benefits are also offered by the National Guard.

The ASVAB (Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery) is required for acceptance into the military. This test is given at school free of charge each year, usually to grades 11 and 12. All students are encouraged to take advantage of this skill assessment opportunity. Taking the test does NOT obligate one to enter the military. Information aboutthis test and registration is available in the school counseling office.



Career/Technical SchoolsThere are thousands of career and technical training courses in the United States. You may receive training in a variety of areas including, but not limited to, aircraft technology, automotive technology, cosmetology, computer technology, electronics, health technologies, plumbing, telecommunications, travel/hospitality and welding. When considering a career or technical school, you should:• Compare the cost and quality of the course

with similar courses offered through community colleges.

• Obtain information from more than one school offering the type of training in which you are interested.

• Talk to employers and those already working in your field of interest. Ask them if the training program that you are considering would be beneficial.

• Ask for names of recent graduates. Contact them and find out if their training was helpful in finding employment.

• Check the qualifications of instructors.• Your local Better Business Bureau may be able

to supply information about the school’s past performance.

Two- and Four-Year CollegesThere are more than 3,000 colleges in the United States. No doubt there is more than one college that will meet your specific needs and objectives. Selecting the right college for you involves career planning and consideration of academic preparation. In making this decision, you might want to consider cost, location, admission standards, and other factors.

Community colleges are an excellent and inexpensive way to obtain an Associate degree or post-secondary diploma. Most community college credits are transferable to four-year schools. Information is available in the Career Planning Center.

Is Community College Right for You?

When students are considering their post-secondary options, it is important to look at all available information and match institutions with one’s academic needs, financial needs, and long term goals. Community college might be the answer for you!

Cost: Tuition at most community colleges is about half of that at their four-year counterparts. Even students who choose to transfer to a four-year program after two years at a community college may save substantially. In addition, financial aid opportunities are available! Students should contact the financial aid officer at each school to discuss individual packages.

Smaller class size: Community colleges can offer a more personalized learning environment and individualized attention.

Qualified staff: Faculty members must meet the same credentials as those who teach in a four-year college or university. However, they do not have the same pressures to publish independent works and conduct research, providing their students with even more access to their teachers.

Transfer programs: Students may plan to continue their education at a four-year school, after completing the community college experience. College advisors are available to assist students in selecting courses which will transfer to their college of choice.

Career training programs: A variety of options are available, from 12-month programs to 2-year associate’s degrees. Experts claim that the new worker elite of the future will be technicians who have acquired specialized skills through such programs.



College Opportunities

Selecting a College

Many sources of information are available regarding college selection, admissions, applications, and financial aid. You are encouraged to visit your Counseling Office and Career Planning Center for handbooks, videos, newsletters, and opportunities to meet with college representatives. There are also Websites, such as Navigator (www.kudernavigator.com) and Virginia Education Wizard (www.vawizard.org), which allow you to conduct a college search based on selected criteria. In addition, all Hanover County secondary counseling departments coordinate a college information program in the fall. Check your school calendar for additional information.

One of the most valuable experiences is the college visit. This provides you and your parents with a first-hand look at campus facilities and programs. Most college admissions representatives are happy to schedule a time for your family to visit and learn more about their school.

You may find it helpful to narrow your list of preferences to at least three schools. This list should include one that you would like most to attend, one that you would be pleased to attend, and one at which you are confident of acceptance. Once this list is developed, you will begin the admissions process.





College Applications

It is important to carefully read each school’s process for application. There are different due dates, fees, regulations, and requested information. The Hanover County Public Schools Counseling Departments and Career Planning Centers have additional information regarding completing the application, writing essays, and participating in interviews.

The completed application, the application fee (check), the envelope provided by the college, and the required fee for postage must be turned in to the school counselor by the deadline set by the student’s school counseling staff. This allows sufficient time for processing within the school counseling office.

If students choose to apply on-line, additional information from the counseling office, including an official transcript, must still be requested in writing with the required fee.

College Admissions

Colleges and universities may use different admissions procedures. Students and their parents are encouraged to discuss these options with a school counselor.

Rolling Admissions There is no “due date” set for applications. College admissions offices review each student’s application folder once it is complete. Because students may be admitted on a daily basis, it is advisable to apply early if your selected college uses this admissions procedure.

Regular Admissions There is a set “due date” for applications, usually in January or February. After consideration is given to all applications, decisions are mailed to all applicants.

Early Decision If a student applies and is accepted under early decision, the student is committed to attend. Usually applications for early decision are due in late fall or early winter. Students should carefully review the conditions for early decision and discuss this opportunity with their counselor.

Early Action Students receive a decision earlier than the standard response date but are not committed to respond prior to May 1.

Deferred Admission Students are permitted to postpone enrollment, usually for one year, after acceptance to the college.



Admissions Testing

All Hanover County students will participate in the PSAT in their sophomore year. This test will project a student’s performance on future standardized testing and may provide insight into areas of strength and weakness.

Students are encouraged to consider additional testing in the spring of their junior year. Students may choose to take the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) or American College Testing (ACT) Exam. Information regarding these tests, including application packets, is located in the Hanover County Public Schools Counseling Department. Students may wish to check with individual colleges to determine if there is a preference for SAT or ACT scores.

Below is a brief comparison of the two tests. After reviewing this information and talking with a counselor, students may wish to take one or both tests.

Content Comparison of the ACT and SAT

ACTPurpose: measures classroom achievement in four broad content areas as well as the ability to reason and to apply problem-solving skills.CONTENT:Reading Test (35 minutes) Arts/Literature - 20 questions Social Studies/Sciences - 20 questions

English Test (45 minutes) Usage/Mechanics - 40 questions Rhetorical Skills - 35 questions

Writing Test (30 minutes) Optional Measures writing skills emphasized in high school English classes and entry level college composition

Mathematics Test (60 minutes) Pre-Elementary Algebra - 24 questions Intermediate Algebra Coordinate Geometry - 18 questions Plane Geometry Trigonometry - 18 questions Four function graphing or scientific calculator recommended

Science/Reasoning Test (35 minutes) Measures Interpretation, Analysis, Evaluation, Reasoning and Problem-Solving Skills required in the natural sciences

For more information: www.act.org

SATPurpose: measures academic aptitude in areas of critical reading, mathematics and writing.CONTENT:Critical Reading (70 minutes) Two 25 minutes sections, One 20 minute section Sentence Completions - Word meaning/grammar Passage-based Reading - Vocabulary, Comprehension, Analysis

Writing (60 minutes) 35 minute multiple choice - Improving sentences, Identifying sentence errors, improving paragraphs 25 minute essay (1st section of test) Develop a point of view, Use reasoning and evidence for support, Use standard written English Two Readers Score, Score Range 2-12

Mathematics (70 minutes) Two 25 minutes sections, One 20 minute section Multiple Choice and Student Produced Responses Numbers, Operations, Algebra, Functions, Geometry, Statistics, Probability and Data Analysis Four function graphing or scientific calculator recommended

For more information: www.collegeboard.org

http://www.act.org

http://www.collegeboard.org



What You Need To know About College Entrance Tests

Frequently Asked Questions

Why do colleges use entrance tests?Colleges and universities rely on standardized entrance exams to provide a way to compare the academic abilities of students from different educational programs. Over time, standardized tests have proven to be a good predictor of success in an academic setting.

What is the PSAT/NMSQT?The PSAT/NMSQT is the Preliminary Scholastic Assessment Test/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test. It provides practice and feedback to students through a shortened version of the SAT. Juniors who take the test have the chance to qualify for scholarships through the National Merit Scholarship Corporation.

During which grade should I take the PSAT?Taking the PSAT during the junior year provides practice close to the time that most students take the SAT. The junior year test also enters students in the National Merit Scholarship Competition. Some students choose to take the PSAT both years. This may provide additional time to improve in areas of weakness prior to taking the SAT. Consult your school counselor for information about registering for the PsaT.

What is the SAT?The SAT measures skills in critical reading, math, and writing. The College Board, which administers the SAT, describes the scores as “an indicator of a student’s potential for academic success.”

What are the SAT Subject Tests?The SAT Subject Tests are one-hour multiple choice tests offered on a variety of subjects. Unlike the SAT, which measures more general abilities, the Subject Tests measure knowledge of course content and the ability to apply that knowledge. Scores range from 200-800. Some colleges use SAT Subject Tests for placement in various levels of freshman courses. Some colleges use them as an additional indicator in the admissions process.

The math sections measure the ability to apply math concepts. Most questions are in a multiple-choice format, although ten problems require student produced responses.

What is the ACT?The ACT assessment produced by the American College Testing Corporation, measures students’ general educational development and their ability to succeed in college level work. English, mathematics, reading and science reasoning are the four sections of the test. The test questions are based on the content of high school courses. Most colleges accept the ACT.

more information on the saT and aCT is available through your counseling office. you may also visit the saT Website at www.collegeboard.org and the aCT Website at www.act.org.


CHAPTER 6

Glossary of TermsTESTING TERMS

ACTAmerican College Testing. The ACT is the predominant testing program in the Midwest and some parts of the South. The ACT combines certain aspects of both The SAT Reasoning and Subject Tests into one testing instrument. A multiple-choice test, the ACT is scored on a 0 (low) to 36 (high) basis, and its scores are reported in four categories (English, Social Science, Natural Sciences and Mathematics) and a composite average of the four areas.

APAdvanced Placement Tests. Designed for strong students who have completed college level work in high school, AP exams are given in specific subject areas and are used in determining whether or not a student may gain advanced standing in college. Tests are scored on a scale from 1 (low) to 5 (high). Colleges usually give credit for test scores of 4 or 5.

CEEB CODE or NUMBER The College Entrance Examination Board assigns a six-digit code number for all high schools for identification purposes. The code for Lee-Davis is 470-765. Atlee’s is 471-415. Patrick Henry’s is 470-148. Hanover’s is 471-416.

CLEPCollege Level Examination Program. Somewhat like the SAT Subject Test and the AP, CLEP is designed primarily for the individual who has not been in school for some time but who may have acquired considerable knowledge through a job or experience. Some colleges have incorporated CLEP into testing programs for entering freshmen.

COLLEGE BOARDThis nonprofit organization governed by college and secondary school members is the overseeing agency for many tests and services connected with the college admissions process.

ETSEducational Testing Service. ETS is a nonprofit agency employed by The College Board to produce its tests.

PSAT/NMSQTPreliminary Scholastic Assessment Test and the National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test. The PSAT/NMSQT provides a practice test for freshmen, sophomores and juniors for the SAT. It is used in the selection of the top scholars in the country for the award of merit scholarships. Only juniors may qualify for NMSQT. The results for the NMSQT are announced each year in the fall. The NMSQT Selection Index is determined annually, and the minimum score to receive national recognition varies from year to year. PSAT scores are not used by colleges as admissions criteria.

SATThe SAT is usually taken in the junior year and again in the senior year and is a required test for admission to many colleges. The SAT is a multiple-choice examination and is designed to test a student’s aptitude for scholastic work (not intelligence). Low scores are not indicative that a student is unable to do competitive work in college, merely that someone with higher scores may be able to do the same work with more ease. Before you take the SAT, you should read and study The College Board booklet, Taking the SAT, available in your counseling office.

SAT Subject TestsThe SAT Subject Tests are one hour multiple choice tests offered on a variety of subjects. Unlike the SAT, which measures more general abilities, the Subject Tests measure knowledge of course content and the ability to apply that knowledge. Scores range from 200-800. Some colleges use SAT Subject Tests for placement in various levels of freshman courses. Some colleges use them as an additional indicator in the admissions process.


Glossary of Terms

ADMISSIONS TERMS

ADVANCED STANDINGSome colleges allow students to enter college as sophomores due to the number of AP courses taken. This procedure varies greatly from college to college.

COMMON APPLICATIONThe Common Application allows a student to fill out one application and photocopy the application and recommendation forms for filing with more than one college. Check with admissions offices to see if a college will accept the Common Application and if any supplements are required. The Common Application is available from your school counselor.

DEFERRED ADMISSIONMany colleges offer an opportunity for a student who has been admitted to delay or defer enrollment for a year or a semester. Students who defer an offer of admission may choose to work for a while to earn money for college or work to travel or to pursue special programs. A deposit is often required by the college to hold a place in its next entering class, and it is the college’s right to expect the student to be able to account for the time spent between graduation from high school and actual matriculation at the college. The student who defers admission to a college cannot attend another college during the time off, unless the college is notified in advance and agrees to the plan.

EARLY ACTIONEarly action is used primarily in highly selective colleges. Early action follows the same application/notification timetable as early decision but allows the accepted candidates until May 1st to accept or decline the offer for admission. Under early action programs, it is possible for an applicant to be denied admission outright and be automatically deferred for later consideration. If junior year credentials are not truly superior, a student must be careful about applying under a plan that could harm the applicant’s chance for admission.

EARLY ADMISSIONMany colleges have a program under which a student may apply for admission during the junior year. The early admission program at most colleges is reserved for truly exceptional students whose academic preparation and achievement level are sufficient for early entrance to college. You should seek the advice of your school counselor if you are considering early admission.

EARLY DECISIONNot to be confused with early admission, early decision is a plan under which a student applies to the first-choice college early in the fall (usually by November 1st) of the senior year and agrees by contract to enter that college if offered admission. Decisions are rendered to early decision applicants in early December. If not accepted under early decision, a student is usually deferred or reconsidered for regular admission. Be aware that some colleges may reject some early decision candidates. You may want to apply under regular admissions so that you will have time to strengthen your application. A student should not apply to more than one college under an early decision plan, since the student is usually required to withdraw any applications which might have been filed at other colleges while awaiting the decision of the early decision college. Early decision applicants are judged on the basis of their test scores and transcripts. It is also important to note that, if you have a definite first-choice college that offers an early decision option, you might apply early decision to signify your level of interest in that college.

Important Notice: There are several variations of Early Decision and Early Action at different colleges. Read the literature of each college carefully and ask questions if you do not understand the program entirely.

JANUARY (SPRING TERM) ADMISSIONSome colleges admit freshmen to begin study in the middle of the academic year. January admission may be an option worthy of investigation for students who might graduate a term or semester early from high school or for students who need additional courses and academic strengthening before entering college. Current college students who wish to transfer to another school may use this option.

NEED-BLIND ADMISSIONNeed-blind refers to a current trend in admissions that does not examine an individual’s ability to pay as part of the selection process.

OPEN ADMISSIONSome colleges do not practice selective admission and offer admission to all students who apply. Such colleges usually have extensive programs designed to provide remedial or developmental help to students who enroll with academic deficiencies.


Glossary of Terms

ADMISSIONS TERMS, continued

REGULAR ADMISSIONSMany college admissions office timetables call for applications to be filed during the fall or early winter of the senior year. Supporting data (standardized test scores, high school records, and recommendations) are sent to the college at the student’s request. Members of the admissions office or admissions committee retreat from late February to late March to read the applications and to make decisions. Decisions are mailed to applicants from early to mid-April. Accepted applicants are required to notify the college they choose to attend no later than May 1st.

ROLLING ADMISSIONSThe process now used by most colleges in the country may vary in several ways. A college using rolling admissions will review applications as the “folders” (the application form and all supporting data) are completed and will return decisions within a few weeks after completion. Some colleges send decisions as soon as the folder is completed and reviewed, regardless of the time of the year. Other colleges will accumulate applications and send decisions only after a certain date (February 1st, for example).

FINANCIAL AID TERMS

AWARD LETTERThe document issued by the college-based financial aid office to the student that indicates the type, amount, and disbursement dates of the funds awarded from various financial aid programs, and the conditions, which govern the award.

CAMPUS-BASED FINANCIAL AID PROGRAMSThese are programs administered directly by the college, such as the College Work-Study Program and the National Direct Student Loan Program.

COLLEGE WORK-STUDY PROGRAMCollege work-study is an award of part-time employment for students who demonstrate financial need. The maximum amount a student can earn under this program is determined by financial need.

CSS PROFILECollege Scholarship Service Financial Profile. CSS is the financial aid division of the College Board. Colleges, universities, and scholarship programs use the CSS form to award private funds. There is a fee involved. CSS Profiles are available in the school counseling office.

EFCExpected family contribution. The EFC is the amount of college cost for which the family is responsible according to the needs analysis.

FAFSAFree Application for Federal Student Aid. The FAFSA is a form completed by all applicants for federal student aid. In many states completion of the FAFSA is also sufficient to establish eligibility for state-sponsored aid programs. The form is free and must not be mailed prior to January 1 of the year for which a student is seeking financial assistance.

NEEDS ANALYSISThis is the process used to evaluate an applicant’s financial situation to determine how much student aid he/she needs to help meet post-secondary educational expenses.

SARStudent Aid Report. The SAR summarizes the information included on the FAFSA and provides the Estimated Family Contribution. Students should receive the SAR, in the mail or electronically, four to six weeks after the FAFSA is sent to the processor. The schools students listed on the application receive electronic copies of the SAR and use the information to determine a student’s eligibility for federal financial aid.

SCHOLARSHIPA scholarship is a form of financial assistance that does not require repayment and is usually made to a student who shows potential for distinction, usually in academic or athletic performance.

UNMET NEEDUnmet need is the cost of education minus the total financial aid award and the expected family contribution.

WORK-STUDYWork-study is an arrangement by which a student combines employment and college study. The employment may be an integral part of the academic program (as in cooperative education and internships) or simply as a means of paying for college (as in Federal Work-Study Program).

HIGHER EDuCATION TERMS

ASSOCIATE’S DEGREEAn associate’s degree is a degree granted by a college or university after the satisfactory completion of a two-year, full-time program of study or its part-time equivalent. For example, Associate of Arts (AA), Associate of Science (AS), and Associate of Applied Science (AAS).


Glossary of Terms

HIGHER EDuCATION TERMS, continued

BACHELOR’S DEGREEA bachelor’s degree is a four-year degree in a specified subject. For example, Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Science (BS), and Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA).

CAREER CERTIFICATEA focused occupational program which usually can be completed in less than two years.

CAREER/TECHNICAL SCHOOLSA career or technical school offers specialized education programs usually leading directly to employment. Programs vary in length.

COLLEGEA college is an institution at which students study toward two- or four-year undergraduate degrees after completion of secondary school.

COMMUNITY COLLEGE/JUNIOR COLLEGEThe majority of these two-year institutions are public, though some are private (non-profit) or proprietary (profit making). These colleges award associate degrees at the completion of two years of full-time study. They frequently offer technical programs of study that prepare students for immediate entry into the job market. Many of these colleges offer general education programs that are equivalent to the first two years of a bachelor’s degree program.

LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGEA liberal arts college is a four-year institution which emphasizes a program of broad undergraduate education. Pre-professional or professional training may be available but is not stressed. A strong liberal arts program teaches students how to think in a variety of areas.

MILITARY ACADEMYFederal military academies prepare officers for the Army, Navy, and Air Force. These institutions (e.g., U. S. Military Academy – West Point, U. S. Naval Academy – Annapolis, Air Force Academy – Colorado Springs, and U.S. Merchant Marine Academy – Kings Point) require a recommendation and an appointment by a state congressman. Private and state-supported military institutes (e.g., The Citadel, Virginia Military Institute), however, operate on a college application basis. They all offer degree programs in engineering and technology with concentrations in various aspects of military science.

SINGLE-SEX COLLEGEA single-sex college is a college in the United States that enrolls either men only or women only.

UNDERGRADUATE DEGREESThese degrees may be two-year (Associate’s) or four-year (Bachelor’s) degrees.

UNIVERSITYThis is an institution which may be the same as a college but which usually offers graduate degrees in addition to undergraduate degrees. A university will generally have a larger student population, offer more degrees and have more research facilities than a college.

MISCELLANEOuS TERMS

ALUMNAAn alumna is a female graduate of a specific college (plural female-alumnae).

ALUMNUSAn alumnus is a male graduate of a specific college (plural masculine-alumni).

CO-OP PROGRAMA co-op program is a college sponsored work/internship program.

FRESHMAN SEMINARA freshman seminar is a course offered to freshmen students only that may assist them in making a successful transition. It may be a summer, week-long or first-semester program.

GPAA grade point average is determined by dividing quality points by credit hours attempted.

GREEK SYSTEMThe Greek system refers to fraternities (male) and sororities (female) using Greek letters that are active campus-based organizations concerned with social, academic and philanthropic issues.

MAJORA major is the subject area(s) in which a student intends to specialize. Some students choose to double major.


Glossary of Terms

MISCELLANEOuS TERMS, continued

MINORA minor is the subject area(s) in which a student tends to sub-specialize and may require fewer credit hours than a major.

R.O.T.C.Reserve Officer Training Corps. R.O.T.C. is military training offered on some college campuses.

STUDENT SUPPORT SERVICESThese on-campus services are designed to facilitate a student’s college experience and may include personal counseling, academic advising, career and college planning, and tutorial services.


For More Information

Great WebsitesCareer Exploration & Information

www.adventuresineducation.orgwww.bls.gov

www.doli.virginia.govwww.hanovercareers.org

www.jobprofiles.orgwww.kudernavigator.comwww.knowhowvirginia.org

www.myfuture.comwww.todaysmilitary.com

www.vawizard.orgwww.vec.virginia.gov

College Informationwww.act.org

https://bigfuture.collegeboard.org/www.collegeboard.orgwww.collegenet.com www.mymajors.com

www.nces.ed.gov/collegenavigatorwww.princetonreview.com

www.schev.edu

Financial Aid Informationwww.fafsa.ed.govwww.fastweb.comwww.finaid.org

www.grasp4virginia.comwww.nasfaa.org

www.scholarships.com

These sites are provided for information only. Hanover County Public Schools does not endorse

or take responsibility for the content of these Websites.

http://www.adventuresineducation.org

http://www.bls.gov

http://www.doli.virginia.gov


http://www.jobprofiles.org


http://www.knowhowvirginia.org

http://www.myfuture.com

http://www.todaysmilitary.com


http://www.vec.virginia.gov

http://www.act.org

https://bigfuture.collegeboard.org/

http://www.collegeboard.org

http://www.collegenet.com

http://www.mymajors.com

http://www.nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator

http://www.princetonreview.com

http://www.schev.edu

http://www.fafsa.ed.gov

http://www.fastweb.com

http://www.finaid.org

http://www.grasp4virginia.com

http://www.nasfaa.org

http://www.scholarships.com

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