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o;leq Ml;Ëf] rqm k'/f ub{} – :jtGqtftkm{sf] /0fg}lts dfu{

zf;g Joj:yfdf ljz]if Wofgclk|msfdf kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO clwsf/;DaGwL ;+jfbsf qmddf cfZro{hgs l6Kk0fL

k]?df ;xeflutfsf] kl/rolgsf/fu'cfdf k}/aL ;kmntf – kfgL sfg'g kfl/t Û

d]lS;sf]df af]6ndf el/Psf kfgLn] kfgL clwsf/nfO{ 8'afof;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo;DaGwL gful/s ;dfh k/fdz{df nhgf dfgGw/;fydf cGo y'k|} ;fdu|L ============

nments at different levels

Accountability – Strengthened engagement by CSOs in the fi ght against corruption

Responsiveness – Increased opportunities for people to infl uence and determine policy and legislation

Responsiveness: Improved implementation of policies designed to meet the needs, provision of services and public goods for vulnerable and excluded groups

GTF Grant holders have increased capacity to monitor their own impact, learn lessons and disseminate evidence based fi ndings to different audiences

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kfgL ;dfrf/sf] cui6 ;+:s/0fdf :jfut 5

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oL ;a} sfo{qmd;DaGwL JolQmut cGtb[{li6 / ljrf/x¿sf ;fy} c? y'k} ;fdu|Lx¿ km\ofg Anudf x]g'{xf]nf / tkfO{Fsf] egfO /fVg'xf]nf, l6Kk0fL ug{ / ljZjel/sf km\ofg ;b:ox¿aLr cfkm\gf ljrf/ /fVg ;lhnf] 5 M http://freshwateractionnetwork.wordpress.com/

km\ofgsf] gofF j]a;fO6 nf]sfk{0f ul/Psf] 5 Û k|efj, l;sfO, ;dfrf/, ;Dks{ / If]qLo efu h:tf efux¿df afFl8Psf] of] gofF ;+/rgfn] bft[;+:yfx¿ tyf lg0f{ostf{x¿;dIf xfd|f] sfdsf] /fd|f] lrq0f ub{5, ;fy} o;n] xfd|f ;b:ox¿sf nflu /fd|f] l;Sg] / ;Dks{ a9fpg] :yfgsf ¿kdf klg sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . ;b:ox¿ ;+nUg x'g], ;Dks{ /fVg] / l;Sg] :yfgsf ¿kdf /flvPsf] 5nkmn d~r / ;b:o ;r{ Ol~hg, xfd|f k|d'v ljifoj:t'x¿;DaGwL hfgsf/L :tDesf ;fy} s'g} klg ;b:on] cfkm\g} Anu k[i7 tof/ ug{;Sg] ;'ljwf j]a;fO6sf cGo ljz]iftfx¿ x'g\ – To;}n] ;+nUg eOxfnf}F Û www.freshwateraction.net

dvk[i7 tl:a/o; c+sdf PGo"sf af]lgkm]; DjLxfsLn] ;fd'bflos ;xeflutfsf] ljifoj:t'df k7fpg'ePsf] tl:j/ ljhoL ePsf] 5 . of] tl:a/df g}/f]aLsf] lsa]/f ;'s'Daf;L If]qdf /fd|f] ;/;kmfOsf nflu dfu ub{} ljBfnosf afnaflnsf ljZjs} ;a}eGbf nfdf] zf}rfno nfOgdf nflu/x]sf] b]vfOPsf] 5 . pQm tl:a/ PGo" / s]GofnL u};; dfhL gf pkmflg;Ln] ;+o'Qm ¿kdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] Ps sfo{qmdsf qmddf lvlrPsf] xf] .

yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu x]g'{xf]nf M www.anewafrica.net

kfgL ;dfrf/sf] cui6 ;+:s/0fdf :jfut 5 . km\ofgsf kl5Nnf ljZjJofkL tyf If]qLo lqmofsnfkx¿af/] hfgsf/L xfl;n ug{sf nflu k9\g'xf]nf M xfd|f cfjfh tyf ljrf/x¿ ;'Gg'xf]nfÙ xfdLn] l;s]sf s'/fx¿ / xfdLn] ;fdgf u/]sf r'gf}tLx¿ x]g'{xf]nfÙ ;fydf xfd|f ;jf{]Ts[i6 cEof;x¿ klg . of] ;+:s/0fsf] Pp6f ljz]iftfdf zf;g Joj:yfdf ljz]if ¿kdf s]lGb|t x'g' klg xf] .t/ yfngL ug{sf nflu, ljut 5 dlxgfdf xfdLn] u/]sf sfdsf] s]xL ´ns xfd|f] cgnfOg ;+:s/0faf6 pb\w/0fsf ¿kdf oxfF k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 M æpxfF -nhgf dfgGw/_n] ;xefuLx¿nfO{ Tof] laxfg slt hgf dflg;n] v'nf :yfgdf lbzflk;fa u/] xf]nfg\ -Ps ca{ !) s/f]8_ egL ;f]Wbf ToxfF l;of] v:bf klg ;'Gg ;lsg] df}gtf 5fPsf] tkfO{Fn] cg'ej ug'{ePsf] xf]nf .Æ

jf6/P8sf cleofg k|d'v s]6 gf]u{|] Go'of]s{df ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;‹Lo gful/s ;dfh k/fdz{ sfo{qmddf km\ofG;f ;~rfns ;ldlt ;b:o tyf km\ofg g]kfn /fli6«o ;+of]hs nhgf dfgGw/n] /fVg'ePsf] egfO pNn]v ub{} .

æcys k}/jLstf{x¿ sfo{qmd ;ls;Sbf klg 5nkmnnfO{ cufl8 a9fO/x]sf lyP ===== Pp6} dfq zAb u'l~h/x]sf] lyof] – kfgL kfgL kfgL =====.Æ

km\ofgsf k}/jL tyf l;sfO clws[t sf]lNng af}rfg] hd{gLsf] af]gdf ;DkGg hnjfo' kl/jt{g a}7sdf

æ5}7f}F ljZj kfgL d~r ljsl;t ljZjsf nflu xf] jf ljsf;f]Gd'v ljZjsf xf] <Æ

of] k|Zg km\ofgsf] ;~hfn tyf ;~rf/ ;+of]hs s]l/b\j]g hf]g;g, km\ofg d]S;sf xf]/fl;of] af]lGkmn, km\ofGsfsf cfGb|]h df]/f / km\ofgf;sf h]d af:6f] g]/f]n] k|mfG;sf] df;{]ndf cfof]lht 5}7f}F ljZj kfgL d~rsf] tof/L a}7sdf p7fpg'ePsf k|Zgx¿dWo] Pp6f k|Zg xf] .

ædflg;x¿ k|lt1fx¿ lkpg ;Sb}gg\, To;}n] cfh ul/Psf 3f]if0ffx¿ oyfy{df sfddf ¿kfGtl/t x'g]5 jf 5}g eGg] s'/f g} jf:tljs k/LIf0f xf] . :ki6 of]hgf tyf gofF k};fsf] Joj:yf u/]/ o; ;xdltsf] cl:yk~h/nfO{ xfdLn] df;' xfNg' cfjZos 5Æ

jflzË6g 8L;Ldf ;/;kmfO tyf kfgL;DaGwdf cfof]lht pRr:t/Lo a}7sdf kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO;DaGwL clk|msL gful/s ;dfh ;~hfnsf cWoIf P8jf8{ sfO?

æ;/;kmfOnfO{ lgs} k6s pk]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . u'0f:t/Lo hLjg / dfgjLo dof{bfsf nflu cfwf/sf ¿kdf /x]sf] of] cfjZostfk|lt Wofg lbg] ;do clxn] xf] . of] clwsf/sf nflu d nfOgdf nfUb}5' .Æ

ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf nfdf] zf}rfno nfOg -8An'Pn6LSo'_sf nflu l/of]df km\ofgf;sf] nfOgdf efu lnFb} a|flhnsf] u|Lg kf6L{sf tkm{af6 /fi6«kltsf nflu pDd]bjf/ tyf k"j{ jftfj/0f dGqL ;f+;b dfl/gf l;Nef -tl:a/df bfofF_

l;Ëf] rqm k'/f ub{} – :jtGqtftkm{sf] /0fg}lts dfu{ ===========================#

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km\ofg–d]S;sf If]qLo cBfjlws hfgsf/Lx¿ ============================================ !!

km\ofG;fsf If]qLo cBfjlws hfgsf/Lx¿ ======================================================= !@

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nments at different levels

Accountability – Strengthened engagement by CSOs in the fi ght against corruption

Responsiveness – Increased opportunities for people to infl uence and determine policy and legislation

Responsiveness: Improved implementation of policies designed to meet the needs, provision of services and public goods for vulnerable and excluded groups

GTF Grant holders have increased capacity to monitor their own impact, learn lessons and disseminate evidence based fi ndings to different audiences

l;ªuf] rqm k'/f ub{} – :jtGqtftkm{sf] /0fg}lts dfu{

#

km\ofgsf sfo{sf/L ;lrj 8fg]n df]n{] ut clk|ndf k|;'lt labfaf6 kms{g'ePsf] 5 . gofF kfFr jif{ ] /0fgLltaf/] cfkm\gf ljrf/ tyf eljiosf nflu cfkm\gf] b[/b[li6 pxfFn] o;/L k|:t't ug'{ePsf] 5 .

d]/f] 5f]/f sf]:df] / d]/L ;fgL 5f]/L :6]nfsf] :ofxf/df Ps jif{sf] k'/f ;do lbP/ of] jif{sf] z'?lt/ km\ofgdf kms{]b]lv g} Ps If0f km';{b kfPsf] 5}g – sfd of afnaflnsfdWo] s'g hLjg a9L ysfOnfUbf] 5 eGg] s'/f v'§ofpg] k|of; d c´} klg ub{}5' .

xfd|f] gofF kfFrjif{ ] /0fgLlt yfnlg ug{] ;dodf 7\ofSs} sfddf kms{]sf] 5' . xfdLn] ;s];Dd w]/} ;b:o;Fu k/fdz{ u/]sf] / of] k|lqmofsf] k|ltkmn :j¿k cPsf] /0fgLltdf xfd|f ;b:ox¿sf rf;f] tyf cg'ej k|ltljlDat x'G5 eGg] s'/f ;'lglZrt ug{df y'k|} sfd ePsf 5g\ . o; /0fgLltsf s]Gb|Lt rf/ j6f ljifout If]qx¿ x'g\ – zf;g Joj:yf, kf/blz{tf / cg'udgÙ PsLs[t hn;|f]t Joj:yfkg / hnjfo' kl/jt{gÙ ;Ldfkf/ kfgLÙ / kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO;DaGwL clwsf/ . xfd|f ;b:ox¿sf nflu oL If]q lgs} dxTjsf 5g\ eGg] yfxf kfpg'sf] cy{ km\ofg ljZjJofkLsf] k|efj kfg{] sfdsf nflu /fd|/L nlIft x'g' x'g]5 .

/fli6«o, If]qLo tyf cGt//fli6«o :t/df cfkm\gf /0fg}lts p2]Zox¿ xfl;n ug{sf nflu km\ofg ljZjJofkL ;~hfnsf If]qLo s]Gb|x¿;Fu Ifdtf tyf ;Lk ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug{] xfd|f] p2]Zosf nflu of]ubfg lbFb} o; ljZjJofkL ;~hfnn] xfd|f] ljsf;sf] dxTjk"0f{ If0fdf k|efjnfO{ clwstd kfg{] cfkm\gf] /0fg}lts p2]Zox¿nfO{ cg';/0f ug{]5 .

xfdL :jtGqtftkm{ cu|;/ x'g] qmddf pNn]Vo ¿kfGt/0f xfl;n ug{sf nflu clxn] xfdL /fd|/L :yflkt eO;s]sf 5f}F .

xfd|f] ;+/rgfut ljsf;sf] c+zsf ¿kdf tLgb]lv kfFr jif{sf] cjlwdf r/0fa4 ;ª\qmd0fsf dfWodaf6 :jtGqtftkm{ a9\gsf nflu of] jif{sf] yfngLlt/ ;~rfng kl/ifb\n] km\ofgsf] kIfdf dt lbPsf] 5 . km\ofgsf] jt{dfg sfg'gL tyf ;+:yfut cleefjs jf6/P8n] ;f]xL ;dob]lv km\ofg ljZjJofkLnfO{ :jtGqtkm{sf] ofqf b'O{ jif{leq l56f] to ug{ ;'´fpFb} cfPsf] 5 .

k|:tfljt sbdn] km\ofgnfO{ :jtGqtf;lxtsf] k"/f rqmdf

k|j]z u/fpg]5 . of] xfd|f] bzf}F jflif{sf]T;j klg xf] . km\ofgsf] lqmofsnfk d"n ¿kdf ;g\ @))@ df lbuf] ljsf;;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;‹Lo lzv/ ;Dd]ngsf] a]nf z'? ePsf] lyof] . Tolta]nfsf] ;lqmotfsf] kmn:j¿k klxnf] If]qLo ;~hfn ;d'xsf ¿kdf km\ofg dWo cd]l/sf -km\ofGsf_ cl:tTjdf cfPsf] lyof] .

cfkm\gf] hLjgsf] bz jif{ k'/f x'g nfu]sf] jt{dfg cj:yfdf clk|msf, Pl;of tyf Nofl6g cd]l/sfdf kfFr j6f If]qLo ;~hfn lgdf{0f ug'{sf ;fy} :yfgLo, If]qLo tyf cGt//fli6«o :t/df gLltx¿nfO{ k|efljt ug{ gful/s ;dfhsf nflu ;zQm Pj+ ljZj;gLo cfjfhsf ¿kdf a9\bf] k|lti7f sdfPsf] o; ;~hfn :jtGqtf tyf ;fFrf] :JffoQtf pkef]u ug{ tof/ /x]sf] 5 .

ljleGg If]qdf /xg'ePsf xfd|f ;b:ox¿sf a9\bf] of]ubfg Pj+ ;xof]uaf6 of] ;~hfn k|ultsf] kydf cufl8 a9\b} hfg]5 / xfdLn] jt{dfg / efjL k':tfsf nflu lgs} /fd|f] Joj:yfkgo'Qm / yk ;dfj]zL kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO jftfj/0fsf nflu sfd ul//x]sf gful/s ;dfh ;+:yfx¿sf] ;zQm ljZjJofkL ;~hfn x]g{ kfpg] 5f}F eGg] s'/fdf d cfzfjfbL 5' .

• cfkm\gf If]qLo ;~hfnx¿sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 u/]/ km\ofg cGt//fli6«on] blIf0fL gful/s ;dfhsf ljljwtfo'Qm cfjfhx¿nfO{ ;zQm agfpg]5 / k|efj l;h{gf ug{sf nflu ;Ifd jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{]5 .

• gLltut ax; ;';'lrt xf];\ / hgtfnfO{ s] cfjZos 5 / s] pkof]uL x'G5 eGg]af/] hafkmb]xL xf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] km\ofg cGt//fli6«on] :yfgLo :t/sf dflg;x¿af6 k|df0fdf cfwfl/t ;Gb]zx¿sf] lgdf{0f sfo{nfO{ ;zQm ¿kdf k|jw{g ug{]5 .

• km\ofg cGt//fli6«on] /fli6«o, If]qLo / ljZj :t/df gLlt lgdf{tfx¿dfly k|efj l;h{gf ug{] ;Lk ePsf u};; k}/aLstf{x¿sf] ;ª\Vofdf j[l4 ug{sf nflu sfd ug{]5 .

• km\ofg cGt//fli6«o If]qLo ;~hfnx¿nfO{ ;zQm agfpgsf nflu cfkm\gf ;b:ox¿dfkm{t\ hf/L /x]sf] 1fg x:tfGt/0fnfO{ ;xhLs/0f ug{]5 .

• km\ofg cGt//fli6«o k|efjsfl/tf / s'zntfsf nflu k|lti7fo'Qm ;zQm / lbuf] ;~hfn aGg]5 .

km\ofg cGt//fli6«osf /0fg}lts p2]Zox¿

8fg]n df]n]{, sfo{sf/L ;lrj, km\ofg, cGt//fli6«o

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;~hfnsf] Wofg M zf;g Joj:yf, kf/blz{tf tyf cg'udg;/sf/x¿sf] cg'udg ug{ tyf ltgLx¿dfly k|efj hdfpgsf nflu km\ofgn] cfkm\gf ;b:ox¿nfO{ ;3fpg] u/]sf] 5 . ul/asf cfjZostfx¿af/] ljrf/ ug{ ;/sf/df /x]sf lg0f{ostf{x¿ tyf lghL If]qnfO{ ;Ifd agfpgsf nflu gful/s ;dfhsf] ;xeflutf / kfgL / ;/;kmfOsf] Joj:yfkg s;/L ul/G5 eGg] s'/f ;D´fpg' dxTjk"0f{ 5 . log} sf/0fn] ubf{ km\ofg /0fgLlt ;dLIffsf qmddf km\ofg ;b:ox¿n] ;jf{]Rr rf/ k|fyldstfdWo] Pp6fsf ¿kdf zf;g Joj:yfnfO{ klxrfg u/]sf lyP .

ægful/s ;dfh ;+:yfx¿sf] e'ldsf ;]jf cfk"lt{af6 ;lqmo k}/aL Pj+ cg'udgtkm{ ;b{}5 . xfdL yk ;Ël7t x'g' cfjZos 5 / xfdLn] lg0f{o k|lqmofdf :yfgsf nflu dfu ug'{kb{5 .Æ -PGo"_

;+o'Qm clw/fHosf] cGt//fli6«o ljsf; ljefu -8LPkmcfO{8L_sf] zf;g Joj:yf tyf kf/blz{tf sfo{qmdåf/f cfly{s ;xof]u ul/Psf] km\ofgsf] zf;g Joj:yf tyf kf/blz{tf sfo{qmdn] ljleGg If]qdf km\ofgsf ;b:ox¿sf] zf;g Joj:yf k}/aL cEof;nfO{ ;3fO/x]sf] 5 . uPsf] dO{ dlxgfdf k}/aL kf7x¿, l:ylt cWoogx¿ tyf sfo{qmdaf6 l;lsPsf s'/fx¿ cfbfgk|bfg ug{sf nflu o; sfo{qmdsf ;f´]bf/x¿ ljleGg If]qaf6 bf];|f] k6s e]nf ePsf lyP .

km\ofgsf k}/aL sfo{ tyf l;sfO clws[t sf]NnLg af};fg]sf cg';f/ pQm a}7saf6 l;lsPsf k|d'v s'/fx¿dWo] Pp6fsf ¿kdf cgk]lIft glthfx¿sf r'gf}tLnfO{ k/flht ug{sf nflu tof/ ug'{ /Xof] . pxfF eGg'x'G5, æzf;g Joj:yfsf ;+/rgfx¿df kl/jt{g / k|0ffnLdf ;'wf/sf nflu sfd ubf{ tkfO{F ;a} lsl;dsf ljleGg zlQm ;DaGwx¿ / ;+/rgfx¿sf] lj?4 pleg'x'G5 – ltgLx¿dWo] sltko cgf}krfl/s :j¿ksf x'G5g\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu eGg'kbf{,

zf;g Joj:yf tyf kf/blz{tf;DaGwL …7'nf] a}7sÚdf l;sfO cfbfgk|bfg ul/Fb} .

ækfgL;DaGwL sfg'g tyf ;+/rgfx¿ /fd|/L :yflkt ePsf 5g\ M hnIf]q kl/ifb\sf pk–;ldltx¿ 5g\ / ltgLx¿n] gful/s ;dfh ;+:yfx¿sf nflu :yfg pknAw u/fpF5g\ t/ Jojxf/df pgLx¿n] jf:tljs ;xeflutf hgfpg cg'dlt lbFb}gg\ .Æ -km\ofg d]S;_

æk|ltj4tfx¿nfO{ ===== ltgLx¿sf] jf:tljs cy{df kfngf ul/Fb}gg\ . ;/sf/L nufgL lg/y{s x'g'df cs'zntf tyf e|i6frf/ k|d'v sf/0fx¿ eO/x]sf 5g\ . /fli6« tyf cGt//fli6«o :t/sf k|ult k|ltj]bgx¿df kf/blz{tf tyf gful/ssf cfjfhsf] cefj kfOG5 .Æ -km\ofG;f_

km\ofgsf] zf;g Joj:yf tyf kf/blz{tf sfo{qmdljutdf ;LdfGtLs[t dflg;x¿nfO{ ;'rgfdf kx'Fr k|fKt ug{ / af]Ng ;Ifd agfpgsf nflu ;'lrt ug{], ;zQm kfg{] / ;an agfpg] sfddf tkfO{F ;kmn x'gx'Fbf tkfO{Fn] ljBdfg zlQm ;Gt'ngnfO{ c:tJo:t agfpg ;Sg'x'G5 . o;sf glthf k|foM zfgbf/ / pT;fxj4{s x'G5g\ t/ of] sfo{ ;d:ofd'ns jf cgk]lIft lsl;dsf] x'g;S5 .

æef/tdf xfd|f ;f´]bf/x¿dWo] Pp6fn] u|fdL0f g]tfx¿sf] ;fdgf ug'{k/]sf] lyof] . ufpFn]x¿n] clxn] :yfgLo ;/sf/;Fu l;w} k|Zg ug{ yfn]sf / u'gf;f] ug{ yfn]sfn] tL g]tfx¿n] cfkm\gf] k|efj s]xL dfqfdf sd x'Fb} uPsf] cg'e'lt u/]sf lyP . pQm ;f´]bf/nfO{ To; 36gf ;DxfNg ufx«f] k/]g lsgeg] pgLx¿nfO{ ;Dk"0f{ ;Gbe{ / ;kmn zf;g Joj:yf k}/aLsf nflu cfjZos ;'IdfGt/o'Qm ;DaGw lgdf{0fdf rflxg] dxTjk"0f{ pRr :t/sf] ljz]if1tf ePsf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿af/] hfgsf/L lyof] .Æ

sf]NnLg cg'udg tyf d'Nofªsgk|lt ;kmntfsf] sfdgf ub{} .

;kmn sfo{qmd M ef/tdf gful/sx¿åf/f cfkm\gf clwsf/ k|flKtcfkm\gf clwsf/sf nflu dfu ug{ ;LdfGtLs[t ;d'bfox¿nfO{ ;zQmLs/0f u/]/ ef/tdf gful/s n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg ljlwn] kfgLsf] u'0f:t/df ;'wf/ ug'{sf ;fy} ;LdfGtLs[t ;d'xx¿sf Ps xhf/ cf7 ;oeGbf a9L afnaflnsfsf] kx'Frdf j[l4 u/]sf] 5 .

ef/tsf nlIft lhNnfx¿df u|fdL0f kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;ldltx¿ :yfkgf ug'{sf ;fy} kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;]jfsf] …n]vfk/LIf0fÚ ug{ / To;;DaGwL cfkm\gf k|ltj]bg pgLx¿sf

:yfgLo lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwx¿;dIf k|:t't ug{sf nflu ;f´]bf/x¿af6 pgLx¿nfO{ k|lzIf0f pknAw u/fOof] . pQm k|ltj]bgn] ;fd'bflos ;xeflutfsf] k|lqmofnfO{ ;xh agfpg'sf ;fy} ;d'bfosf cfwf/e't cfjZostfx¿dfly k|sfz kf/]sf] 5 . cgGtk'/ lhNnfdf ljZj kfgL lbj;sf cj;/df lhNnf clws[t;dIf k|ltj]bgx¿ k|:t't ul/Psf lyP, To;sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k ufpFx¿ tyf ljBfnox¿df wf/f tyf ;/;kmfO ;'ljwfx¿sf] Joj:yf ul/of] .

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n]vg k|ltof]lutf M tkfO{sf] zf;g Joj:yfsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] r'gf}tL s] xf] <

km\ofG;f ;+of]hs tyf sfo{qmd ;f´]bf/ /fdL;]§L d'/nL eGg'x'G5 ========zf;g Joj:yf sfo{qmdx¿ cGtu{t xfdLn] clxn];Dddf kl/of]hgfnfO{ :yfgLo txdf ;~rfng ul//x]sf lyof}F . …7'nf] a}7sÚdf eg] xfdL ;+o'Qm ¿kdf sxfF plePsf 5f}F eGg] ;Ël7t a'emfOdf xfdL k'Uof}F . sf]:6fl/sfsf ;fyLx¿ Ps nfv x:tfIf/ ;+sng u/]/ kfgL tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t;DaGwL ljw]osdf ljrf/ ug{ ;+;b\dfly bafa lbg ;kmn ePsf] 36gfqmdsf af/]df hfGg d pT;'s lyPF . o;}u/L clk|msfdf :yfgLo /]l8of] k|of]u u/]/ ;~rfng ul/Psf] ax'–;/f]sf/jfnf 5nkmn klg d]/f] nflu Pp6f /f]rs ljlw nfu]sf] lyof] .

ljBfnox¿df kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO;DaGwL d'2fx¿af/] k|sfz kf/]/ To;;DaGwL sfd cufl8 a9fpgsf nflu dfu ug{ ef/tdf xfdLn] ckgfPsf] ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f tyf ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO k|lqmofaf/] ;'g]kl5 clk|msf tyf dWo cd]l/sfsf ;f´]bf/x¿n] ;fFlRrs} ;/fxgf u/]sf lyP . kl/0ffd:j¿k, pgLx¿sf If]qLo l;sfO a}7sx¿df of] cg'ej k|:t't ug{sf nflu dnfO{ cg'/f]w ul/of] . xfdLn] cfk;L ;d´bf/L clej[l4 ul//x]sf] tyf ;f´]bf/x¿sf ;kmntf Pj+ r'gf}tLx¿ / eljiodf xfdL af/Daf/ / k|efjsf/L ¿kdf ;xsfo{ s;/L ug{ ;S5f}F eGg]af/] jf:tjd} ;/;Nnfx ug{ / l;Sg yfn]sf]df dnfO{ v'zL nfu]sf] 5 .

…7'nf] a}7sÚdf e'ldsf lgjf{x ;qsf qmddf ;fd'bflos g]tfx¿sf] b[li6sf]0f k|:t't ub{} d'/nL .

zf;g Joj:yf tyf kf/blz{tf sf]if -hL6LPkm_sf blIf0f Pl;of ;+of]hs gLns07 ld>n] s'zf;gsf r'gf}tL;DaGwL xfn}sf] cGtb[{li6 o;/L k|:t't ug'{x'G5 .

ef/tLo ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ ;/;kmfO cleofgn] ;/;kmfO Joj:yfsf ;Gbe{df ;jf{]Ts[i7 kl/0ffd xfl;n ul//x]sf] bfaL ul//x] klg oyfy{ kl/l:yltn] lgSs} leGg} syf lsg elg/x]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f kQf nufpg d pQ/ k|b]zsf ;d'bfox¿sf] e|d0fdf lg:s]sf] lyPF . ;/sf/L sfo{qmdx¿sf] d'Nofªsg ug{] cg'udg k|0ffnLsf] cefjdf slt;Ddsf] s'zf;g, ljz]if u/L ck|efjsf/L cy{ ljlgof]hg sfo{df, cl:tTjdf cfpg ;S5 eGg] s'/f d]/f] e|d0fn] phfu/ u¥of] .

k"0f{ ;/;kmfO sfo{qmdn] zf}rfno lgdf{0fsf nflu k|lt JolQm @@ xhf/ ef? :yfgLo ;/sf/x¿nfO{ pknAw u/fpFb5 . zf}rfno lgdf{0fsf nflu pQm /sd kof{Kt 5}g eGg] s'/f yfxf kfpFbfkfpFb} klg :yfgLo ;/sf/L clws[tx¿n] pQm /sd lnFbf/x]5g\ eGg] s'/f d}n] kQf nufPF . To;kl5 pgLx¿n] zf}rfnosf] ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ub{y] t/ zf}rfnonfO{ eg] TolQs} 5f]8\by] .

;d'bfox¿ tL ;+/rgfx¿ b]v]/ v'zL eP lsgeg] ltgLx¿sf] lgdf{0f dxFuf OF6f k|of]u u/L ul/Psf lyP / ltgLx¿sf] dfu lgs} lyof] t/ zf}rfnosf] dfu eg] lyPg . ef/tLo ;/sf/sf] ;/;kmfO kxn cGtu{t :jf:Yo lzIff ;dfj]z gul/Psf]n] ;d'bfox¿ v'nf lbzflk;fasf sf/0f l;h{gf x'g] vt/faf/] ;hu lyPgg\ . 5 dlxgfkl5 pgLx¿n] tL ;+/rgf eTsfP / ltgLx¿sf OF6fnfO{ uf]7 agfpg k|of]u u/] .

s'g} cg'udg k|0ffnL gePsf]n] …zf}rfnoÚsf nflu ah]6 lgsf;f ePkl5 pgLx¿ -:yfgLo ;/sf/_n] o;sf nfeu|fxLx¿nfO{ pgLx¿n] ;]jf pknAw u/fPsf] tYof'df hf]8] . o;sf cltl/Qm, k|To]s jif{ :yfgLo clws[tx¿n] ah]6 lng] ub{5g\ / a;{]lg Pp6} JolQmsf] gfddf ah]6 lgsf;f ePsf 36gfx¿ klg 5g\ . ;d'bfox¿ v'nf :yfgd} lbzflk;fa ul//x]sf 5g\ / cfkm\gf ufO{j:t'sf] uf]7sf nflu OF6f kfO/x]sf 5g\ .

o; cj:yfn] r'gf}tLsf ;fy} km\ofgn] k|d'v ¿kdf Wofg lbFb} cfPsf If]qdWo] Pp6f …zf;g Joj:yf, cg'udg / d'Nof+sgÚsf] dxTjdfly k|sfz kf/]sf] 5 . ;~hfn ;b:ox¿sf ¿kdf xfdLn] kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO kxnsf] cg'udg ug{] Pj+ ;/sf/x¿nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg] sfo{df xfd|f] e'ldsf Pj+ ;~hfnsf] e'ldsfnfO{ ;zQm agfpg] lbzfdf sfo{ ul//x]sf 5f}F .

o; rkL{n] Go"g u'0f:t/sf] lgdf{0f / k|of]u ;"Gotf b]vfpF5M s's'/gL / tLg 5fp/fsf nflu ;'/lIft cf]R5ofg ePsf] 5 .

^

REVIEW AND PLANNING cgk]lIft s¬gfx¿af6 cfzfnfUbf cfjfhx¿kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO;DaGwL d'2fx¿af/] ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ /fd|/L a'´fpg tyf tL clwsf/nfO{ dfGotf k|fKt x'g'sf nfex¿af/] pgLx¿nfO{ ;D´fpg PGo'n] o;;DaGwL /fli6«o ;+jfbx¿ ;~rfng ul//x]sf] 5 .

o; If]qsf w]/} kIfn] kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;'6sf] uDeL/tfnfO{ :jLsf/ ul/;s]sf eP klg clwsf+z clk|msL /fi6« kfgL tyf ;/;kmfOnfO{ dfgj clwsf/sf ¿kdf dfGotf k|bfg ug{ lxlRsrfO/x]sf 5g\ . /fli6«o sfg'gL ;+/rgfdf kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO;DaGwL clwsf/nfO{ dfGotf lbFbf kg{] k|efjx¿ kQf nufpgsf nflu gful/s ;dfh, ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿, ;]jf k|bfosx¿, ;~rf/ dfWod, bft[;+:yfx¿ tyf cg';Gwftfx¿;lxt ljleGg ;/f]sf/ kIfnfO{ Pslqt u/]/ cfof]hgf x'g] u/]sf PGo"sf 5nkmn sfo{qmdsf dfWodaf6 clxn] eg] s]xL cfzfnfUbf cfjfhx¿ l;h{gf x'g yfn]sf 5g\ .

ærfbdf s'g} klg sfg'gL b:tfj]hn] g kfgL;DaGwL clwsf/ g t ;/;kmfO;DaGwL clwsf/nfO{ dfGotf k|bfg ub{5Æ, sfg'gljb\, cg';Gwftf tyf hg:jf:Yo dGqfnosf ;Nnfxsf/ l8of]Fsf] dfp08] rfb ;+jfbnfO{ ;xhLs/0f ub{} eGg'x'G5, æt/ -pgLx¿n]_ logLx¿nfO{ ;+ljwfgdf ck|ToIf ¿kdf pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . ;+ljwfgn] :jf:Yo;DaGwL clwsf/nfO{ ;fdflhs clwsf/sf ¿kdf juL{s[t u/]sf] 5 / :j:Yo jftfj/0f;DaGwL clwsf/nfO{ ;+j}wflgs dfGotf k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .Æ

pQm a}7sdf l8of]Fsf]n] ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo tyf cGt//fli6«o dxf;lGwx¿nfO{ cg'df]bg u/] klg of] df}lns clwsf/nfO{ dfGotf k|bfg gu/]af6 cGt//fli6«o k|lta4tfx¿k|lt rfbsf] c8fgdfly uDeL/ z'ªsf pTkGg x'g;Sg] ts{ ug'{eof] .

a'ls{gf kmf;f]df ePsf] /fli6«o 5nkmndf ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿n] klg s]xL cfzfnfUbf dGtJo k|:t't u/] . o;n] gful/s ;dfh ;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;‹Lo lgsfox¿ tyf ljsf;

;f´]bf/x¿;Fusf] ;xsfo{df ;kmf kfgL, ;/;kmfO tyf :jf:Yo;Fu dfgj clwsf/nfO{ PsLs[t u/]/ dfgj clwsf/df cfwfl/t ljlwnfO{ ckgfpg gLlt lgdf{tfx¿nfO{ bafa lbg] sfo{nfO{ hf/L /fVg k|f]T;flxt u¥of] . gful/s ;dfhaf6 lg/Gt/ kof{Kt bafa lbOof] eg] ;/sf/nfO{ ;D´fpg ;lsG5 eGg] pgLx¿nfO{ nfu]sf] ;ªs]]t o;af6 kfOG5 .

PGo"sf sfo{sf/L ;lrj hldNnfx Djfglh;Ln] eGg'eof], æof] 7'nf] klxnf] sbd xf] . o; d'2fsf ;Gbe{df pT;fxhgs ;+jfb x'g' eg]sf] 7'nf] s'/f xf] – xfdLn] yk 5nkmnsf nflu / ljleGg kIfnfO{ cfkm\gf ts{x¿ k|:t't ug{sf nflu af6f]x¿ vf]n]sf 5f}F . k|Zg ug{sf nflu / a'‰gsf nflu of] Pp6f cj;/ lyof] / clxn] xfdLn] ljleGg ljrf/ /fd|/L a'´]sf 5f}F / xfdL xfd|f k}/aL ;Gb]zx¿ tof/ ug{ ;S5f}F / lbuf] kl/jt{gdfly k|efj kfg{ ;xL :yfgdf bafa lbg ;S5f}F ======= oxfFaf6 xfdL k|efljt kfg{] sfo{sf] jf:tljs yfngL ug{ ;S5f}F .Æ

hn dGqfnosf dxf;lrj ;xfos >L Ol8«; cln dfNnf]d rfbl:yt kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;~hfnsf cWoIf >L bfpb Pn xh cfbd;Fu s'/fsfgL ug'{x'Fb} .

s]Gb|laGb'df kl/of]hgf M o'uf08fdf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t k|zf/0f sfo{qmdx¿;d'bfodf cfwfl/t /]l8of] k|zf/0f sfo{qmdx¿n] o'uf08fsf ;jf{lws ul/a tyf ;jf{lws ;LdfGtLs[t ;d'bfox¿nfO{ kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO;DaGwL cfkm\gf clwsf/af/] yk hfgsf/L xfl;n ug{ tyf cfkm\gf rf;f]x¿ JoQm ug{sf nflu 7'nf] cj;/ pknAw u/fPsf 5g\ .

tL sfo{qmddfkm{t\ kqsf/x¿ cGt/jftf{ ug{ jf ;d'bfosf b[Zox¿ ;d]6\g ;d'bfodf hfG5g\ . To;kl5 tL ;fdu|L /]l8of] / 6LeLdf k|zf/0f ul/G5 . ;d'bfoåf/f p7fOPsf d'2fx¿af/] :ki6Ls/0f lbg ;/sf/ tyf ;]jf k|bfosnufotsf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ k|zf/s ;+:yfsf :6'l8of]df lgdGq0ff ul/G5 . km\ofgsf ;f´]bf/x¿ ;LcfO{8LO{ / PgPkLO{n] ;xhstf{sf] sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ / kqsf/x¿nfO{ ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿;Fu cGt/jftf{ ug{ / s'/fsfgL ug{ ;d'bfox¿df nlu/x]sf 5g\ . o;n] ubf{ ;LdfGtLs[t ;d'xnufotsf ;d'bfox¿n] ef]lu/x]sf kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO;DaGwL ;d:ofx¿af/] kqsf/x¿n] k|ToIf ¿kdf b]Vg kfO/x]sf 5g\ . o; gljg ljlwn] clwsf+z ;LdfGtLs[t ;d'bfox¿nfO{ ;zQm agfO/x]sf] 5 eg] ;]jf k|bfosx¿nfO{ yk hafkmb]xL tyf pQ/bfoL x'gsf nflu dfu ug{ d~r klg pknAw u/fPsf] 5 .

kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO;DaGwL clk|msL gful/s ;dfh ;~hfn -PGo'_

&

REVIEW AND PLANNING

k|efjsf nflu Pp6f d~r – clk|msf o'lgog lzv/ ;Dd]ngs] eof] < jf6/P8 tyf cGo gful/s ;dfh ;+:yfx¿;Fusf] ;f´]bf/Ldf PGo" ;b:ox¿n] o'uf08fsf] sDkfnfdf h'nfO{ !( b]lv @& ;Dd ePsf] clk|msf o'lgog lzv/ ;Dd]ngsf pknlAwx¿nfO{ k|efljt kfg{] sfd u/] .

xfdL s;nfO{ k|efljt kfb{}5f}F < clk|msL o'lgogsf /fHok|d'vx¿ M of] o'lgog %# j6f clk|msL /fHox¿sf] cGt/;/sf/L ;Ë7g xf] / of] PGo"sf nflu d'Vo klg lgzfgf xf] .

sxfF / slxn] < clk|msL o'lgog lzv/ ;Dd]ngsf nflu gful/s ;dfhsf k|d'v ;Gb]zx¿ pNn]v ul/Psf] sDkfnf 3f]if0ffkq gfds b:tfj]hdf gful/s ;dfhsf ;Gb]zx¿ ;xdlto'Qm 9Ën] /fVgsf nflu lzv/ ;Dd]ng z'? x'g'eGbf Ps ;ftfk"j{ h'nfO{ !$ b]lv !^ ;Dd gful/s ;dfh d~r cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm lzv/ ;Dd]ngdf sDkfnf 3f]if0ffkqsf ;Gb]zx¿sf] k|jw{g ug{sf nflu gful/s ;dfh ;b:ox¿n] ljleGg k}/aL lqmofsnfkdf ;xeflutf hgfPsf lyP . o;af/] yk hfgsf/L xfl;n ug{sf nflu cgnfOg Anu k9\g'xf]nf . www.anewafrica.net

lsg < ;g\ @)!) sf] ;]K6]Da/df xg] ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo hf]8 !) lzv/ ;Dd]ngsf qmddf x'g] 5nkmnsf pknlAwx¿df clk|msL o'lgog lzv/ ;Dd]ngdf ul/Psf lg0f{ox¿sf] dxTjk"0f{ k|efj x'g;S5 . clk|msL o'lgog lzv/ ;Dd]ngsf] o; jif{sf] d'n ljifoj:t' …dft[, lzz' / afn :jf:Yo tyf clk|msfdf ljsf;Ú ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIosf] rf}yf] / kfFrf}F nIo -afn d[To'b/df 36fpg]Ù / dft[:jf:Yodf ;'wf/ ug{]_df s]lGb|t lyof] . oL nIosf ;Gbe{df clxn];Dd ePsf k|ult, ljz]if u/L pk–;xf/fnL clk|msfdf ePsf k|ult :jLsf/ ug{ ;lsg]

lsl;dsf] 5}g .

of] s:tf] eof] < ;/sf/L ;lqmotfsf nflu ul/Psf cfXjfgx¿df lgDglnlvt s'/fx¿ klg /x]sf lyP M

• kfgL, ;/;kmfO tyf :jf:Yo -jfz_;DaGwdf ljutdf hgfOPsf k|lta4tfx¿nfO{ dft[lzz' :jf:Yodf PsLs[t ul/of];\ tyf /fli6«o :t/df o;nfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fvL kof{Kt ;fwg;|f]t pknAw u/fOof];\Ù

• clk|msfdf jfz tyf dft[ Pj+ afn:jf:Yo;DaGwL zf;g Joj:yfdf ;'wf/ x'g] u/L gful/s ;xeflutfnfO{ ;3fpg k|0ffnL tyf hafkmb]xLtf ;+oGqx¿nfO{ ;'b[9 ul/of];\ .

pQm a}7sdf k|:t'lt ug{] qmddf PGo"sf sfo{sf/L ;lrj hldNnfx Djfglh;Ln] clk|msfdf x'g] u/]sf] afnd[To'dWo] !* k|ltztsf nflu kvfnf lhDd]jf/ /x]sf] / kvfnfsf bz j6f 36gfdWo] gf} j6fnfO{ ;/;kmfO / kfgLdf kx'Fraf6 /f]syfd ug{ ;lsg] pNn]v ug'{eof] . o;sf cltl/Qm bz hgf clk|msLdWo] rf/ hgfnfO{ dfq ;'/lIft zf}rfnodf kx'Fr 5 eg] bz hgfdf 5 hgfnfO{ ;'/lIft kfgLdf kx'Fr pknAw 5 .

æ;kmf kfgL / ;'wfl/Psf] ;/;kmfOsf] cefj tyf dft[, lzz' / afn :jf:YoaLrsf] cGt/;DaGwnfO{ :jLsfg'{ clk|msL ;/sf/x¿sf nflu dxTjk"0f{ 5Æ, hldNnfxn] eGg'eof] . æo;sf cltl/Qm, jfz tyf dft[ Pj+ afn:jf:Yo;DaGwL zf;g Joj:yfdf ;'wf/ x'g] u/L gful/s ;xeflutfnfO{ ;3fpg xfdLn] k|0ffnL tyf hafkmb]xLtf ;+oGqx¿nfO{ ;'b[9 ug{ cfjZos 5 .Æ

clk|msL hndGqLx¿;“u sfo{of]hgfaf/] ;xdltcfkm\gf ;DaGwnfO{ ;lqmotfsf] /ydf ¿kfGtl/t ug{ blIf0f clk|msfsf] lk|6f]l/ofdf ut clk|ndf PGo" / kfgL;DaGwL clk+|msL dGqLx¿sf] kl/ifb\ -PDsfp_aLr Pp6f uf]nd]r a}7s eof] . kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO;DaGwL ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo xfl;n ug{ k|ultnfO{ tLj|tf lbgsf nflu pgLx¿n] ljleGg pkfoaf/] 5nkmn u/] .

pQm a}7sdf pkl:yt PGo"sf cWoIf P8jf8{ sfO?n] eGg'eof] MæxfdL b'j}sf /0fgLlt cg'¿ksf lqmofsnfkx¿ xfdLn] klxrfg u¥of}F . oL lqmofsnfkdf PDsfpsf] sfo{of]hgfdf PGo"n] ;3fpg] -PDsfpsf] ;~rfng÷of]hgf lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf gful/s ;dfhsf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug'{sf ;fy} gful/s ;dfhsf of]ubfgx¿nfO{ ;dGjo u/]/_ b]lv lnP/ pgLx¿sf k|ltj]bg;Dd, clk|msf o'lgogb]lv lnP/ PGo"nfO{ PDsfpn] ;3fpg] / ;'b[9 kfg]{ -clk|msf kfgL ;Ktfx h:tf dxTjk"0f{ sfo{qmddf ;~hfnnfO{ ;+nUg u/fP/ tyf gful/s ;dfhsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 u/]/_;Ddsf lqmofsnfkx¿ ;lDdlnt lyP .Æ

k|ltlbg clk|msfdf @))) afnaflnsfsf] d[To" x'G5 eGg] ;+s]tfTds k|bz{g ub}{ hj]b] sDkfnf o'uf08fsf ;'s'Daf;L, qm;sf] cuf8L a;]sf 5g\ .

jf6/P8÷ag]l8

S6 8];|';

hldNnfx DjflGh;L ;';f;g tyf kf/blz{tf sfo{qmd ;fem]bf/ o'lgof d';fhLsf ;fydf vfg]kfgL / ;/;kmfO{sf] e"ldsfaf/] af]Nb}

*

k]?df /fli6«o ;~hfn – ;zQm ˆofgf;tkm{ Ps sbd glhs

k|m];jf6/ PSzg g]6js{ — blIf0f cd]l/sf -km\ofgf;_

km\ofg blIf0f cd]l/sf -km\ofgf;_ – k]?sf hf];] u'Pef/f;Fu ul/Psf] cGt/jftf{

;g\ @)!) km]a|'c/Ldf cfof]lht Ps a}7sn] k]?df km\ofgf;sf] :yfkgf k|lqmof yfngL u¥of] . blIf0fL k]?sf] sf]6fx'cf;L pk–hnIf]qdf lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu sfd ul//x]sf] Ps u};; lbuf] ljsf;df ljlzi6Ls[t ;‹ -PO{8LO{P;_sf hf];] u'Pef/f pQm sfo{qmd / ;~hfnsf] eljioaf/] cfkm\gf] ljrf/ o;/L /fVg'x'G5 M

If]qLo tyf ljZjJofkL km\ofg ;~hfnsf] ;b:otf lnP/ tyf pxL ldzg, b'/b[li6, l;4fGt tyf dfGotf ;d]6]/ k]?df ;~hfn :yfkgf ug{] k|:tfj clxn] kfl/t ePsf] 5 . pQm a}7snfO{ k5\ofpFb} Pp6f sfo{tflnsfn] o;sf] ;+/rgf :yfkgf ug{]5 / ;~hfnsf p2]Zox¿ tyf cNksfnLg Pj+ dWosfnLg /0fgLltx¿ to ug{]5 .

xfn b]zdf uDeL/ ¿kdf cefj eO/x]sf] ;xeflutf tyf nf]stflGqs 5nkmnsf nflu :yfg l;h{gf ug{df of] ;~hfnn] s]Gb|Lo e'ldsf lgjf{x ug{] dnfO{ ljZjf; 5 . k]?sf] km\ofgf; b]zel/ g} kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO;DaGwL clwsf/sf] PsLs/0fnfO{ k|jw{g ug{df s]lGb|t x'g]5 lsgeg] of] ljlw hlt

o; jif{sf] z'?lt/ p?Uj]df cfof]lht ljZj jftfj/0f ;'ljwf -hLO{Pkm_sf] rf}yf] ;efdf km\ofgsf] Ps d'n ljifoj:t' kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO;DaGwL clwsf/sf ;Gbe{df km\ofgsf] k|ltlglwTj Okfg]df ;+:yfgsf sfo{sf/L lgb{]zs lggf]g Dofsf8f]n] ug'{eof] . o; dxTjk"0f{ ljQLo ;+oGq;Fu ;DaGw :yfkgf ug{ tyf ;~hfnaf/] hfgsf/L km}nfpgsf nflu km\ofgf;sf nflu of] Pp6f jf:tjd} /fd|f] cj;/ lyof] .

ljZj jftfj/0f ;'ljwf -hLO{Pkm_ eg]sf] /fli6«o lbuf] ljsf; kxnx¿nfO{ ;xof]u ub{} ljZjJofkL jftfj/0fLo d'2fx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{] !&* j6f /fi6«, cGt//fli6«o ;+:yfgx¿, u};;x¿ / lghL If]qsf] ljZjJofkL ;f´]bf/L xf] . To;}n] pQm ;+:yfsf] Pp6f d'O{ dfly p7fpgsf nflu 7'nf] cj;/ lyof] . ljZj jftfj/0f ;'ljwf -hLO{Pkm_ 5 j6f d'Vo If]qx¿ h}ljs ljljwtf, hnjfo' kl/jt{g, cGt//fli6«o kfgL, e'ljgfz, cf]hf]g tx / l6sfp h}ljs k|b'ifs;DaGwL kl/of]hgfx¿nfO{ cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg] d'Vo bft[;+:yf klg xf] .

pQm a}7sdf ;~hfn ;xefuLx¿s]f Wofg lvFRg pNn]Vo ¿kdf ;kmn /x]sf] lyof] . hLO{Pkmsf nflu blIf0f cd]l/sL /fi6«x¿sf] d'Vo JolQm / km\ofg blIf0f cd]l/sL ;~hfnsf ;x–;+of]hs

km\ofg blIf0f cd]l/sfsf] ¿k/]vf sf]b{}

a9L k|of]u u¥of], oL clwsf/ nfu' ug{sf nflu ;/sf/dfly Tolt g} a9L bafa hgtf / ;+:yfx¿n] lbg]5g\ . k|f/lDes ¿kdf u};;x¿ ;xefuL x'g ;Ifd x'g]5g\ / To;kl5 ;/sf/sf nflu klg ;xefuL aGg :yfg x'g]5 .

blIf0f cd]l/sL ;~hfn kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO;DaGwL clwsf/af/] ljrf/ / 1fg cfbfgk|bfgsf nflu tyf kfgL Joj:yfkg gLltx¿sf] d'Nofªsgsf nflu dxTjk"0f{ s]Gb|sf ¿kdf sfd ug{sf nflu d'Vo d~r x'g]5 . blIf0f cd]l/sfdf w]/} ;Ldfkf/ hnfwf/x¿ 5g\ – pbfx/0fsf nflu, a|flhndf &$ j6f ;Ldfkf/ hnfwf/x¿ 5g\ . a[xb\ If]qLo ;~hfnsf] ;b:o ePsf] gftfn] o;n] kfgL;DaGwL u};;x¿ / ;~hfnx¿nfO{ cGo blIf0f cd]l/sL /fi6«x¿af6 pgLx¿sf cg'ejx¿ cfbfgk|bfg ug{] cj;/ k|bfg ug{]5 .yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu ;Dks{ M fanas@freshwateraction.net

hd{g /f]rfn] …;+jfb M gful/s ;dfh;Fusf] ldqtfnfO{ tLj| agfpFb}Ú ;qsf] ;xhLs/0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdel/ g} Ifdtf clej[l4 tyf sfo{qmdx¿df n}lËs kl/k|]Iosf] cefjaf/] rrf{ rln/Xof] . hLO{Pkm;Fu km\ofgsf] ;DaGwn] gofF ;f´]bf/L tyf km\ofgsf If]qLo ;~hfnx¿sf nflu cfly{s ;xof]usf] 9f]sf vf]n]sf] 5 .

p?Uj]df ;DkGg rf}yf] ljZj jftfj/0fLo ;'ljwf ;Dd]ng

km\ofgf; / 5}7f}+ ljZj kfgL d~r

ut h'gdf 5}7f}F ljZj kfgL d~rsf] k|f/lDes a}7sdf Okfg]df ;+:yfgsf] Ps lgb{]zs h]d af:6f];n] km\ofgf;sf] k|ltlglwTj ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmdaf/] pxfFn] tof/ kfg'{ePsf] lel8of] km\ofgsf] Anu df x]g'{xf]nf . http://tinyurl.com/2eanohg

k|m];jf6/ PSzg g]6js{ — dWo cd]l/sf km\ofGsfPs ;zQm km8\sf] M klxnf] dWo cd]l/sL d]nfaf6 ;fd'bflos kfgL Joj:yfkgsf] ;b[9Ls/0f

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k|m];jf6/ PSzg g]6js{ — blIf0f cd]l/sf -km\ofgf;_

clxn];Dds} klxnf] dWo cd]l/sL ;fd'bflos kfgL Joj:yfkg d]nf …g'P:6«f cfu'cf–@)!)Ú o; If]qdf ;fd'bflos kfgL Joj:yfkgsf] k|jw{g ug{] p2]Zo;lxt ut dfr{df sf]:6fl/sfsf] ;fg hf];]df cfof]hgf ul/of] .

dWo cd]l/sfsf ;fy} kfls:tfg, d]lS;sf], ch]{lG6gf, a|flhn, xNof08 / k]?sf km\ofg ;b:ox¿n] pQm d]nfdf ;xeflutf hgfP . pQm sfo{qmdsf] k"0f{ rf}8fO tyf :t/n] of] If]q sltsf] ;zQm / ;Ël7t x'Fb} uPsf] 5 eGg] s'/f k|bz{g u/]sf] lyof] .

ljzfn / /ËLg pb\3f6g ;df/f]xaf6 yfngL ePsf] pQm d]nfdf ljleGg /fi6«n] cfkm\gf sIfx¿df rnlrqx¿, tl:a/x¿ / cfkm\gf ;+:s[ltsf snfs[ltx¿ k|bz{g u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmd cjlwel/ g} d]nfsf] of] ;'/ sfod} /Xof] .

sf]:6fl/sfsf] ljwfg;efsf pkfWoIf tyf gofF ljb]zdGqL df}/Lg afNn]:6]/f]nufotsf o; If]qsf k|efjzfnL JolQmTjx¿n] uf]nd]r 5nkmnx¿df efu lng'eof] . d]nfsf ultljlwx¿sf qmddf o;sf] kl/k'/s sfo{qmdsf ¿kdf …hn;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f tyf lbuf] pkof]uÚ ljifos kfFrf}F ljZn]if0f d~r klg cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmddf !@) hgf lj1x¿n] PsLs[t kfgL Joj:yfkg, zf;g Joj:Yf, hnjfo' kl/jt{g tyf cy{ ;+sng h:tf ljifox¿df k|:t'lt ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

d]nfdf s}of}F ;f+:s[lts tyf ;fd'bflos k|bz{gx¿ /flvPsf lyP . :yfgLo kfgL ;d'bfox¿, kfgL Joj:yfkg;Fu ;DalGwt ;+:yfgx¿, sDkgLx¿ tyf gful/s ;dfh ;+:yfx¿n] cfkm\gf sfo{x¿ ljleGg sIfx¿df xhf/f}F cfuGt'sx¿;dIf k|:t't u/]sf lyP . :yfgLo kfgL ;d'bfox¿ 5g\ eGg] klg dflg;x¿nfO{ yfxf gePsf] zx/L

If]qdf tL ;ldltx¿nfO{ b[Zo x'g] cj;/ pQm sfo{qmdn] pknAw u/fPsf] lyof] eg] Ps cfk;af6 l;Sg] cj;/ klg ToxfF l;h{gf ePsf] lyof] .

pQm d]nf csf{] jif{ kfgfdfdf ToxfFsf] /fli6«o jftfj/0f k|flws/0f -cgfd_n] cfof]hgf ug{] sfo{qmd /x]sf] 5 .

pQm sfo{qmd k|m]z jf6/ PS;g g]6js{ ;]G6«n cd]l/sf -km\ofGsf_, ;fd'bflos s[lif agsf nflu dWo cd]l/sL cflbjf;L tyf ls;fg ;dGjo ;‹ -Pl;sfkmf]s_, ljZjJofkL kfgL ;f´]bf/L -hL8An'kL–Sofd_, jftfj/0f tyf ljsf;sf nflu dWo cd]l/sL cfof]u -;L;LP8L_, cGt//fli6«o ;xof]u tyf ljsf;sf nflu :k]lgz lgsfo -PO{;LcfO{8L_ / sf]:6fl/sfsf] ljwfg;efn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] .

gu/ k|d'v sfof{no;Fusf] ;xsfo{df :yfgLo kfgL Joj:yfkg ;ldltx¿n] cfuGt'sx¿nfO{ kfgL k|0ffnLx¿ s;/L Jojl:yt ul/G5g\ eGg]af/] hfgsf/L lbgsf nflu ut h'gdf kfgfdfsf] af]s'6]df klxnf] ;fd'bflos kfgL Joj:yfkg d]nf cfof]hgf u/] .

pQm sfo{qmdsf qmddf clwsf+z :yfgLo kfgL ;ldltx¿sf] ;xeflutfdf :yfgLo kfgL ;~rfns ;ldltx¿sf] klxnf] ;fwf/0f ;ef klg cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . lzIfs P8]nf sfafNn]/f]nfO{ klxnf] cWoIfsf ¿kdf lgjf{lrt ub{} ;fd'bflos kfgL ;ldltx¿sf] af]s'6] ;‹ klg :yfkgf ul/of] .

;~hfndf /xg'sf] dxTjaf/] j0f{g ub{} of] ;‹ :yfkgf ug{df km\ofGsfn] ;d'bfox¿nfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] eg] ;b:ox¿sf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg u/]/ Pj+ ;~hfnsf] ;dGjo s;/L ul/G5 eGg] s'/f b]vfP/ klg ;3fOPsf] lyof] .

kfgfdf M ;fd'bflos kfgL ;ldltx¿sf] d]nf

km\ofGsfsf] lel8of] …O:6«]lNn6fsf] hLjg, ;kgf / sfdÚdf ;fd'bflos kfgL Joj:yfkgdf ;xefuL x'Fbf Ps dlxnfn] ;fdgf ug'{k/]sf r'gf}tLx¿ lrq0f ul/Psf] 5 . kfgL Joj:yfkgdf ;d'bfosf ;a} cËnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] k|of;sf qmddf :yfgLo kfgL ;ldltx¿df dlxnfsf] ;xeflutfnfO{ k|jw{g ug{] p2]Zo o;sf] /x]sf] 5 .

gof“ ;|f]t M O:6«]lNn6fsf] hLjg, ;kgf / sfd

;+o'Qm clw/fHosf] cGt//fli6«o ljsf; dGqfnosf] zf;g Joj:yf tyf kf/blz{tf sf]if -8LPkmcfO{8L hL6LPkm_ / km\ofGsfsf] ;+:yfut ;xof]uL af]yO08\;sf] ;xof]udf of] lel8of] km\ofGsfåf/f lgdf{0f ul/Psf] xf] .

of] lel8of] o'6\o'adf x]g'{xf]nf . http://tinyurl.com/2fqsdj3

Go"P:6«f cfu'cf @)!) df ;xefuLx?

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b'O{ j6f sfg'gL Joj:yfsf sf/0f ;Ldfkf/ kfgL Joj:yfkg sfo{df hl6ntf l;h{gf

lgsf/fu¬cf M k}/aL ;kmntf – kfgL sfg¬g kfl/t ul/of]cfkm\gf ;d'bfox¿nfO{ ;'/lIft kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;]jf pknAw u/fO/x]sf ;of}F :yfgLo kfgL Joj:yfkg ;ldltx¿nfO{ sfg'gL dfGotf k|bfg ug{] sfg'g cys k}/aL tyf bafakl5 ut dO{df /fli6«o ;efn] kfl/t u/]sf] 5 .

o; If]qdf PsLs[t hn;|f]t Joj:yfkg -cfO{8An'cf/Pd_ sfof{Gjogsf nflu xfn !$! ;d'bfonfO{ k|lzIf0f lbOPkl5 o; k|lzIf0f lng] ;d'bfox¿sf] ;ª\Vof %)@ k'u]sf] 5 . dWo cd]l/sfsf tLg j6f ;Ldfkf/ hnfwf/ If]qx¿df /x]sf :yfgLo kfgL Joj:yfkg ;ldltx¿sf] nut lng] sfo{ klg ;~hfnn] ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 .

hnfwf/x¿ /x]sf k|To]s /fi6«df leGgfleGg} sfg'gL ;+/rgf ePsf sf/0f ;Ldfkf/ kfgL ;ldltx¿ b'O{ lsl;dsf sfg'gL ;+/rgfaf6 k|efljt /x]sf 5g\ . ltgLx¿ ;dGjlot ;|f]t Joj:yfkgsf nflu dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ . km\ofGsfn] !)& j6f lå/fli6«o kfgL ;ldltx¿sf] ;|f]t Joj:yfkg ;Lksf ;fy} ltgLx¿sf] ;d]6fO tyf ;'/lIft kfgL / ;/;kmfOdf kx'Frdf ;'wf/ ug{sf nflu Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{sf nflu cGo If]qLo lgsfox¿;Fu 5nkmn ul//x]sf] 5 .

k|lzIf0fdf sfo{qmdsf /0fgLlt / of]hgf tyf ltgLx¿nfO{ :yfgLo tyf /fli6«o :t/df s;/L nfu' ug{ ;lsG5 h:tf ljifodf s]lGb|t /x]sf] lyof] . k|lzIf0fsf qmddf ;xefuLx¿n]

;d'bfo :t/df kfgL Joj:yfkg;DaGwL cg'ejx¿ tyf ljleGg ljifodf ;jf{]Ts[i6 cEof;x¿;DaGwL l;sfOx¿ klg cfbfgk|bfg u/]sf lyP . o; qmddf pgLx¿aLr cfFwLa]x/L h:tf clt df};dsf] ;fdgf ug{] k|ljlw Pj+ tl/sfx¿;DaGwL 1fgb]lv lnP/ ljleGg sfg'gL Pj+ ljQLo ;fwgx¿;DaGwL cg'ejx¿ cfbfgk|bfg eP .

o; ;DaGwL lel8of] o'6\o'adf x]g'{xf]nf . http://tinyurl.com/2378679

dWo cd]l/sfdf ;fd'bflos kfgL Joj:yfkg;DaGwL Ifdtf clej[l4 of]hgf k|m]z jf6/ PS;g g]6js{ ;]G6«n cd]l/sf -km\ofGsf_ / ;fd'bflos s[lif agsf nflu dWo cd]l/sL cflbjf;L tyf ls;fg ;dGjo ;‹ -Pl;sfkmf]s_åf/f jftfj/0f tyf ljsf;sf nflu dWo cd]l/sL cfof]u -;L;LP8L_ / cGt//fli6«o ;xof]u tyf ljsf;sf nflu :k]lgz lgsfo -PO{;LcfO{8L_sf] ;xof]udf ul/Psf] lyof] .

kfgL Joj:yfkg;DaGwdf km\ofGsfn] ;~rfng u/]sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 sfo{qmdsf] klxnf] b'O{ r/0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;~hfnn] ;d'bfox¿nfO{ k|lzIf0f lbg'sf ;fy} PsLs[t hn;|f]t Joj:yfkg -cfO{8An'cf/Pd_;DaGwL Pp6f lel8of] lgdf{0f u/]sf] lyof] . km\ofGsf xfn PsLs[t hn;|f]t Joj:yfkg -cfO{8Ancf/Pd_af/] ;Ldfkf/ Joj:yfkg ;ldltx¿sf] Ifdtf clej[l4sf nflu ;xof]usf] vf]hL ul//x]sf] 5 .

;fg x'cfF gbLaf6 s]xL lsnf]ld6/ dfq 6f9f /x]sf] qm'l;6f;af6 sf]:6fl/sf / lgsf/fu'cf b'j} /fi6«df jftfj/0f ljgfz ug{] s'/f Jofks ¿kdf a'l´Psf] eP klg Sofgf8]nL sDkgL O08l:6«o; OlGkmlg6f] pQm kl/of]hgfnfO{ h;/L eP klg cufl8 a9fpg s]xL klg ug{ tof/ 5 .

cleofg cGtu{t eO/x]sf sfo{x¿ lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ M• kl/of]hgflj?4 sfg'gL sf/jfxL• gy{ k|m06 cu]G:6 dfOlgË SofDk]g / sf]:6fl/sfsf] jftfj/0f dxf;‹sf] Aofg/ cGtu{t ;fd'lxs lj/f]w• vfgL sDklgåf/f yflnPsf] k|rf/nfO{ ;Gt'lnt kfg{ ;~rf/ cleofg• vlgh pTvgg sfo{ :yug;DaGwL 3f]if0ff ug{ / l:6«k

sf]:6fl/sf M l:6«k dfOg'dfly k|ltaGw nufpgsf nflu ;~rflnt k}/aLnfO{ ˆkm\ofGsfsf] ;xof]u

qm'l;6f; vfgL pBf]unfO{ /f]Sg / b]zdf l:6«k dfOlgË -;txdf jf ;tx glhs} vlgh pTvgg_dfly ;w}Fsf nflu k|ltaGw nufpg ;~rfng eO/x]sf] cleofgnfO{ sf]:6fl/sfl:yt km\ofGsfsf ;b:ox¿n] ;xof]u ul//x]sf] 5 .

vlgh pTvggdfly k|ltaGw nufpg] sfg'gsf] ljw]osk|lt ;xof]u ug{] jrga4tf JoQm ug{ /fi6«klt nf}/f lrlGrNnfnfO{ k|efljt kfg{ ;kmn eO;s]sf] bafa tyf k}/aL cleofg

• qm'l;6f;nfO{ lbOPsf ;a} cg'dlt vf/]h u/fpgsf nflu bafa .

kfgL clwsf/;DaGwL ;+:yfx¿ tyf kfgL / ;/;kmfO ;ldltx¿sf] /fli6«o ;~hfnsf] u7aGwg k}/aL, ;~rf/ tyf kl/rfng h:tf sfdx¿sf dfWodaf6 o; If0fsf nflu sfo{/t /x]sf lyP . ltg} sfdn] ubf{ cGTodf pQm sfg'gsf] d;f}bf tof/ ePsf] lyof] . o; sfo{df km\ofGsf lgsf/fu'cfsf ;b:ox¿n] g]t[Tj e'ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf lyP .

lgsf/fu'cfdf ;fdfGo kfgL sfg'gaf6 z'? ul/Psf] jf:tljs PsLs[t hn;|f]t Joj:yfkgnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{] p2]Zoo'Qm a[xb\ sfg'gL ;+/rgfsf] Ps c+zsf] :yfkgf pQm sfg'gn] u/]sf] 5 .

h'nfOdf ePsf] pTvgg\ lj?4sf] cleofg

k|m];jf6/ PSzg g]6js{ — d]lS;sf] km\ofg d]S;

!!

cfkm\gf] k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f ug{] lhDd]jf/L d]lS;sf]dfly 5 . o; sfo{df ;fdflhs ;+:yfx¿n] a9\bf] dfqfdf ;xof]u ul//x]sf 5g\ . km\ofg d]lS;sf]sf b'O{ ;b:on] k+|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf hnfwf/ ;+/If0fdf zf;g Joj:yf;DaGwL cfkm\gf xfn}sf cg'ej ;'gfP .

k|f]g]r'/f ;g\ @)!) dfr{df ;+/If0fdf ;d'bfox¿ tyf lghL hUufwgLx¿sf] ;xeflutfnfO{ dfGotf k|bfg u/fpgsf nflu d]lS;sf] sfg'gL tyf ;+:yfut ;+/rgfdf ;+zf]wg ug{] cfjZostfdfly k|sfzkfg{] p2]Zon] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] Ps sfo{zfnfsf] ;dGjo ug{ k|f]g]r'/fn] ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] .

sfo{zfnfaf6 l;lsPsf k|d'v s'/fx¿df lgDglnlvt cfjZostfx¿ klg /x]sf 5g\ M

• lghL If]q tyf ;d'bfox¿ b'j}sf] nfesf nflu s[lif, zx/L of]hgf th'{df cflb h:tf cGo k|of]u;Fu;Fu} e'ldsf] sfg'gL ;+/If0f / e'–pkof]u of]hgf th'{dfdf cf}krfl/s ;dfj]zLs/0f ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu ;+/If0f eg]sf] Ps lsl;dsf] e'–pkof]u xf] eGg] s'/fnfO{ sfg'gL dfGotf k|bfg ul/g'kb{5 .• ;+/If0f eg]sf] e'lddflysf] clwsf/df eGbf klg e'–pkof]usf lsl;ddf lge{/ /xg] / e'–:jfldTj k|0ffnLdf s'g} x]/km]/ gu/Lsg} sfg'gdf kl/jt{g ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ :jLsfl/g'kb{5Ù / ;d'bfox¿aLr ;+/If0fsf nflu k|fs[lts ;|f]tx¿sf] PsLs[t Joj:yfkgnfO{ k|jw{g ul/g'kb{5 . • lghL hUufwgLx¿ / ;d'bfox¿nfO{ k|fs[lts ;|f]t Joj:yfkgdf ;lqmo kIfsf ¿kdf sfg'gL dfGotf lbOg'kb{5 . o;sf nflu lg0f{o k|lqmofdf oL kIfsf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug{ ;+/If0f Joj:yfkg;DaGwL sfg'g / ;+:yfut ;+/rgfdf kl/dfh{g ul/g'kb{5 / ljQLo tyf cfly{s pTk|]/0ff ;'lglZrt ul/g'kb{5 . • kfl/l:ylts k4ltåf/f pknAw u/fOPsf ;]jfx¿sf] lg/Gt/tfnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ tL ;]jfsf cfwf/df /fHoIf]qsf] Joj:yfkg ul/g'kb{5 . sfg'gL Pj+ ;+:yfut tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t Joj:yfkg ;+/rgfx¿ tof/ ubf{ /fHoIf]qsf] ;f+:s[lts tyf h}ljs ljljwtfnfO{ dfGotf k|bfg ul/g'kb{5 . j}1flgs rf;f]sf ;fy} kfl/l:ylts k4lt tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]tx¿sf] d'Nofg;Fu ;DalGwt :yfgLo k|yf tyf rngx¿nfO{ ltgLx¿df ;d]l6g'kb{5 . o;af6 :yfgLo tyf ljZj :t/df ;+/lIft hflt tyf kfl/l:ylts k4ltn] ;+f:s[lts tyf j}1flgs cfjZostfx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg u/]sf] ;'lglZrt x'G5 .

zf;g Joj:yf tyf cg'udg Mdfgj ljsf; tyf h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0fsf nflu k|d'v s¬/fx¿

k|f]s'PG;fzf;g Joj:yfdf ;'wf/ ug{sf nflu k|f]g]r'/fn] sfg'gL ljlwsf] vf]hL ul//x]sf] 5 eg] lj:tfl/t cjlwdf lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ul/Psf] sfdaf6 kfl/l:ylts k4ltdfly k'lu/x]sf xflgnfO{ :yfgLo Ifdtfaf6} pN6fpg ;lsg] ;Defjgf j[l4 x'g] / ;d'bfosf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ ug{ ;lsg] s'/f km\ofg d]lS;sf]sf ;b:o k|f]s'PG;fn] kQf nufPsf] 5 .

efNn] 8] a|]ef]df ;d'bfo;Fu bz jif{eGbf a9L ;do sfd u/]sf] cg'ej sdfO;s]sf] k|f]s'PG;f ;kmntfsf nflu bL3{sfnLg cg'udg tyf ;xof]u dxTjk"0f{ x'g] ljZjf; ub{5 . :yfgLo ;d'bfo;Fu sfd ug{sf nflu k|f]s'PG;fn] kl/jf/:t/Lo df]8]n tof/ u/]sf] 5 / o; cGtu{t 3/]n' kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;]jfsf nflu hnfwf/ ;+/If0f;DaGwL kof{–k|ljlw / k|lzIf0f k|of]u ul/G5 .

kl/jf/x¿;Fu lgs6 ;DaGw /fVg'sf ;fy} pgLx¿nfO{ klg ;lqmo ¿kdf ;xefL agfP/ s}of}F jif{b]lv cg'udg lqmofsnfk lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . o;sf nflu pgLx¿nfO{ ;'/Iff k|bfg ug'{sf ;fy} o; kl/of]hgfsf] kl/0ffd pgLx¿s} cfjZostf ;dfwfgsf nflu k|of]u ul/g]5 eGg] ljZjf; lbnfOPsf] lyof] . o; ljlwn] bL3{sfnLg lbuf]kgf ;'lglZrt ug'{sf ;fy} ;+/If0f;DaGwL yk k|lzIf0fdf ;+nUg x'g ;d'bfonfO{ pTk|]l/t ub{5 .

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kl/jt{gsf nflu l;sfOkfgL tyf ;/;kmfO clwsf/;DaGwL sfddf ;'wf/ ug{ rfxg] cfkm\gf ;b:ox¿ tyf o; If]qdf sfo{/t cGonfO{ ;3fpgsf nflu km\ofg d]S;n] b'O{ j6f l;sfO ;|f]t l;h{gf ub{}5 .

k|To]s ;|f]tdf kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO;DaGwdf d]lS;sf]sf] ;+:yfut gS;fªsg tyf sfg'gL ;+/rgf;DaGwL lgb{]lzsf klg /xg]5g\ . Pp6f ;|f]t ;d'bfosf nflu x'g]5 eg] csf{] ;|f]t cGo ;d'bfo;Fu sfd ul//x]sf gful/s ;dfh ;+:yfx¿sf nflu x'g]5 .

ufpFx¿df kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO kl/of]hgfx¿sf] s'zntf clej[l4sf nflu ljleGg kIfaLr ljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{ / lgoldttf ;'lglZrt ug{ kf/bzL{ z}nLdf :yfgLo lgsfox¿nfO{ ;+nUg ug'{ dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . o; s'/fnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ km\ofg d]S;n] d'Vo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ ;lhn} klxrfg ug'{sf ;fy} pgLx¿nfO{ ;Dks{ ug{] sfo{df ;3fpg ;b:ox¿n] sfd ug{] If]qx¿df kfgL Joj:yfkg tyf ;/;kmfOdf ;+nUg ;+:yfx¿sf] gS;fªsg ug{]5 .

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af]6ndf el/Psf kfgLn] kfgL clwsf/nfO{ 8'afof]pkef]Qmf clwsf/;DaGwL sfd ub{} cfPsf] u};; Pn kf]8]/ 8]n sGHo'ld8f]/ tyf vfgf / kfgL lgu/fgL ;d'xåf/f ut dO{df cfof]hgf ul/Psf] Ps kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf af]6ndf el/Psf kfgLsf] ljZjd} ;a}eGbf a9L pkef]u d]lS;sf]df x'g] u/]sf] ljifodf k|sfz kfg{ km\ofg d]S;n] klg ;xeflutf hgfof] . pQm kqsf/ ;Dd]ngn] kfgLdf kx'Frdf ;'wf/ ug{ tyf kfgL Pj+ ;/;kmfO clwsf/nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu ;lqmotf ckgfpg klg ;/sf/;Fu dfu u/]sf] lyof] .

:j:Yo / wfGg ;lsg] d'Nodf vfBfGg kof{Kt dfqf k|fKt ug{ g;ls/x]sf b'O{ s/f]8 dflg; ePsf] d]lS;sf] h:tf] b]zdf af]6naGb kfgLsf] pkef]u pRr :t/df x'g'n] ;/sf/L kfgL k|0ffnL c;kmn ePsf] :ki6 kfb{5 . ……o;af6 s] b]lvG5 eg] ;DalGwt lgsfon] kfgL pknAw u/fpg'kg{] cfkm\gf] pQ/bfloTjnfO{ lal;{of] / o;/L cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lt clwsf/;DaGwL cGt//fli6«o cg'aGw cg';f/ kfngf ug'{kg{] bfloTj k'/f ug{ c;kmn /Xof]ÚÚ km\ofg d]S;sf ;+of]hs gf/fyL ;]u'Ogn] eGg'eof] .

cfkm\gf gful/sx¿nfO{ ;'/lIft vfg]kfgLdf kof{Kt kx'Fr pknAw u/fpg c;kmn eO/x]sf] ;dodf af]6ndf Kofs u/L kfgLsf] Jofkf/Ls/0f ug{] gfkmfd'ns sfo{nfO{ cg'dlt lbO/x]af6 ;/sf/n] ck|ToIf ¿kdf cfkm\gf gful/sx¿k|ltsf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ 5f]8\g yfn]sf] / cfkm\gf] of] pQ/bfloTjnfO{ af]6naGb kfgL sDkgLx¿nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug{ yfn]sf] b]lvG5 . o;sf cltl/Qm, oL ;D´f}tfsf sf/0f lgs} sd d'Nodf Jofkf/Lx¿n] ljgf s'g} ;Ldf / k|ltaGw kfgL bf]xg ug{ kfO/x]sf 5g\ / o;n] ubf{ tL sDkgLx¿n] ;j{;fwf/0f pkef]Qmfx¿n] eGbf a9L kmfObf k|fKt ug{ kfO/x]sf 5g\ .

;g\ !(*% sf] e'sDkkl5 kfgLsf y'k|} d'Vo kfOkx¿ efFlRrPsf]n] ubf{ kfgL cfk"lt{ 9n ldl;P/ k|b'lift x'gk'Uof] . tL kfOksf] dd{t eO;Sbf klg ;j{;fwf/0fn] d]lS;sf]sf] wf/fsf] kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ g/fd|f] g} kfP / o;n] ubf{ af]6ndf el/Psf] kfgL lsGg'kg{] Jofks ljZjf; km}lng k'Uof] . To;a]nfb]lv d]lS;sf]df k|lt JolQm af]6naGbf kfgLsf] pkef]u b/ tLj| ultdf a9\g yfn]sf] xf] . xfn k|lt jif{ k|lt JolQm @#$ af]6n kfgL pkef]u x'g]

u/]sf] d]lS;sf] ljZjd} ;a}eGbf a9L af]6naGb kfgL pkef]Qmf /x]sf] /fi6« ag]sf] 5 . o; ;d:ofsf sf/0f Knfl:6ssf af]6n ;DaGwL kmf]xf]/sf] ;d:ofnfO{ klg cfkm';Fu} a9fPsf] 5 . k|lt lbg sl/a b'O{ s/f]8 bz nfv Knfl:6ssf] af]6n kmfNg] ul/Psf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5, tLdWo] @) k|ltztsf] dfq k'gMk|of]u x'g] u/]sf] 5 / afFsL *) k|ltzt sGb/f, gbL, k|of]udf gcfPsf If]qdf uf8\g] ul/Psf] 5 jf dxFuf] gu/kflnsf kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkgdfkm{t\ kmfNg] ul/Psf] 5 .

Psflt/ gu/kflnsfsf] kfgL cfk"lt{sf] u'0f:t/ e/kbf{] 5}g eg] lghL Pj+ ;fj{hlgs wf/faf6 kof{Kt kfgL cfpFb}g . ;fy} hn;|f]t;DaGwL ;/sf/L gLlt ;fdfGotof lgs} g/fd|/L sfof{Gjog eO/x]af6 d]lS;sf]sf hgtf cfkm\gf] kfgL;DaGwL clwsf/sf] k"0f{ pkef]u ug{af6 jl~rt eO/x]sf 5g\ .

sltko k|efjzfnL ;dfrf/kqn] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngkl5 To;;DaGwL ;dfrf/ k|sfzg u/] . of] sfo{ kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO clwsf/af/] km\ofg d]S;sf] r]tgf clej[l4sf sf/0f ePsf] lyof] . gful/sx¿sf] sfo{ Ifdtfdf clej[l4df ;xof]u ug{sf nflu km\ofg d]S;n] kfgL clwsf/sf sfg'gL Pj+ ;+:yfut ;+/rgf ;DaGwL ;fdu|Lx¿ klg tof/ u/]sf] 5 . yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu cufl8 k9\g'xf]nf .

d]lS;sf]df af]6naGb kfgL;DaGwdf cfof]lht kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf km\ofg d]S; ;+of]hs gfyfnL ;]u'Og / Pn kf]8]/ 8]n sGHo'ld8f]/sf lgb{]zs cfn]hf08«f] sflNenf] .

kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO;DaGwL sfg'gL ;+/rgf c´} klg lj/f]wfefifk"0f{ s'/fx¿n] ubf{ k]lrnf] /x]sf] 5 . o;n] dxTjk"0f{ s'/fx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{] u/]sf] 5}g eg] slxn]sfxLF o;n] ubf{ ;j{;fwf/0fsf nflu gsf/fTds k|efj kfg{] vfnsf lghLs/0f h:tf sfd klg x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . kfgL kl/of]hgfx¿ sfof{Gjog ubf{ ljZf]if Wofg lbg'kg{] lsl;dsf lglZrt lsl;dsf ljz]iftfx¿ klg k|To]s /fHosf sfg'gdf /x]sf 5g\ .

;'rgfdf kx'Frk|lt k|lta4 Ps ;~hfnsf ¿kdf / cfkm\gf clwsf/sf] /Iff ug{ hgtfsf] Ifdtf ;zQmLs[t ug{] k|f/lDes sbdsf ¿kdf km\ofg d]S;n] z}lIfs ;fdu|Lx¿ tof/ ub{}5 . oL

kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO;DaGwL sfg'gL ;+/rgf;fdu|Ln] kfgL pkef]Qmfx¿nfO{ kfgL;DaGwL dfgj clwsf/af/] a'‰g tyf of] clwsf/ pkef]u ug{ ;xof]u ug{] ljZjf; ul/Psf] 5 . oL ;fdu|Ldf kfgLsf] :ofxf/ ug'{kg{] lhDd]jf/L, ;Dks{ ug{ ;lsg] ;+:yf / kfgL Joj:yfkgsf] ;+/If0f / sfof{Gjog;DaGwL sfg'gL ;+/rgfaf/] klg pNn]v ul/Psf] x'g]5 .

oL ;fdu|Lsf ;fydf d]lS;sf]sf gful/sx¿ ;zQmLs[t x'g]5g\ / Ps ;~hfnsf ¿kdf cfkm\gf] sfdnfO{ ;'b[9 ug{ km\ofg d]lS;sf];Fu yk ;fwgx¿ x'g]5g\ eGg] s'/fdf xfdLnfO{ ljZjf; 5 .

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;+o'Qm /fi6«;‹Lo gful/s ;dfh ;+:yf ;'g'jfO{af/] tkfO{Fn] s;/L yfxf kfpg'eof] < km\ofG;fn] ljZjJofkL ;~hfnaf6 Ps hgf k|ltlglw dgf]gog ug{ nfUbf To; cj;/af/] d}n] yfxf kfPF . d}n] ljZjf;} ug{ ;s]sf] lyOgF . &^) hgf dgf]gLtx¿af6 5flgPsf %@ hgf cfj]bsx¿dWo] Ps hgf d klg k/]F .

tkfO{Fn] tof/L s;/L ug'{eof] <pQm sfo{qmdsf nflu Go"of]s{;Ddsf] ofqf vr{ Joxf]g{ g;Sg] hfgsf/L ;+o'Qm /fi6«;‹Lo u}/;/sf/L ;Dks{ ;]jfn] dnfO{ lbof], efUojz km\ofg ljZjJofkLn] d]/f] ;xeflutfsf nflu ;xof]u h'6fpg] hdsf{] u¥of] . af]Ngsf nflu dnfO{ tLg ldg]6 dfq lbOPsf] lyof] . d}n] s]xL l6kf]6 agfPF / To;af/] k|ltlqmof / l6Kk0fLsf nflu d}n] ;~hfnaLr ;Dk|]if0f u/]F . To;af6 kfPsf lgs} pkof]uL s]xL ;'´fjx¿n] d]/f] jQmJodf ;~hfnsf Jofks rf;f]nfO{ k|ltljlDat ug{ dnfO{ jf:tjd} ;xof]u u¥of] .

;efdf tkfO{Fsf] ;xeflutfaf/] s]xL atfpg';\ g .d]/f] k|:t'ltkl5 dnfO{ e]6\g cfpg] k|foM ;a}n] pxL s'/f eg] – cGo k|:tf]tfx¿n] 5'6fPsf Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ ljifo d}n] p7fPF, Tof]

lyof] – kfgL / ;/;kmfO . d}n] kSs} klg k|efj 5f]8]sf] x'g'k5{ lsgeg] pgLx¿dWo] Ps hgfn] eg], ætkfO{Fsf b'O{ k|Zg c´} klg d]/f sfgdf u'l~h/x]sf 5g\ .Æ d}n] >f]tfx¿nfO{ ;fdfGo ¿kdf b'O{ j6f k|Zg s] ;f]w]sf] lyPF eg] Tof] laxfg ljZjdf slt hgf dflg;x¿n] v'nf :yfgdf lbzflk;fg u/] eGg]af/] pxfFx¿nfO{ s'g} cg'dfg 5 ls 5}g / plrt ;/;kmfOsf] cefjsf sf/0f k|lt jif{ ljZjdf slt hgf afnaflnsfsf] d[To' x'G5 .

tkfO{Fsf] ;xeflutfaf/] tkfO{F s] eGg rfxg'x'G5 <d]/f] cg'ejn] dnfO{ s] cg'e'lt lbnfof] eg] ljZj:t/Lo k}/aLnfO{ lg/Gt/ ¿kdf cufl8 a9fOg'k5{ . xfdL xfd|f nIo, dfu tyf /0fgLltaf/] lgs} :ki6 x'g'k5{ . o;sf cltl/Qm xfdL ljZjJofkL gLltnfO{ ;fFlRrs} k|efljt kfg{ rfxG5f}F eg] km\ofg / km\ofG;f s]xL 7'nf :yflkt gful/s ;dfh ;~hfnx¿sf] ;lqmo ;b:o aGg}k5{ . lgs} glhs cfO;s]sf] ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo;DaGwL lzv/ ;Dd]ngsf ;Gbe{df ug'{kg{] sfdx¿ w]/} 5g\ / xfdLn] ;f]Rg cfjZos s'/f lzv/ ;Dd]ngsf af/]df dfq xf]Og, To;eGbf k/sf s'/f klg xfdLn] ;f]Rg'kb{5 .

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;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo;DaGwL gful/s ;dfh k/fdz{df nhgf dfgGw/

ut h'gdf km\ofG;f ;~rfns ;ldltsf ;b:o tyf km\ofg g]kfnsf /fli6«o ;+of]hs nhgf dfgGw/n] Go"of]s{df cfof]lht ;+o'Qm /fi6«;‹Lo dxf;efdf k|ltlglwTj ul//x]sf k|ltlglwx¿n] el/Psf] Ps sf]7fdf ul/Psf] ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo;DaGwL gful/s ;dfh k/fdz{sf qmddf ljsf;sf ;Gbe{df kfgL tyf ;/;kmfOsf] dxTjaf/] hf]lznf] efif0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] . km\ofG;fsf If]qLo ;~rf/ clws[t k|sfz cdfTon] pxfF;Fu pxfFsf cg'ejaf/] s'/fsfgL ug'{ePsf] 5 .

hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL 5nkmn cj?4, ;d'bfox¿ cg's'ngtkm{km\ofG;fsf ;b:o 8f= ;Lyf/fdn] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;‹Lo hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL a}7ssf qmdf :yfgLo :t/sf kfgL;DaGwL d'2fx¿sf] kIfdf cleofg rnfP/ o;} jif{ tof/ ul/Psf] km\ofG;fsf] hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL /0fgLltnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] cj;/ k|fKt ug'{eof] .

8f= ;Lyf/fdn] ;~hfnsf] Ps k|d'v k}/aLsf] ljifosf ¿kdf /x]sf] hnjfo' kl/jt{gdf kfgLsf] e'ldsfdfly k|sfz kfg{] p2]Zo;lxt cf}krfl/s ;+o'Qm /fi6«;‹Lo a}7s;Fu;Fu} cfof]hgf ul/Psf ;x–sfo{qmdx¿df ;xefuL eP/ hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's'ng;DaGwL 5nkmnnfO{ k|efljt ug{] / hnjfo'sf ;Gbe{df ;~hfnsf rf;f]x¿af/] ljrf/ /fVg] cj;/ k|fKt ug'{eof] .

cfkm\gf] k|:t'ltsf qmddf pxfFn] kfgL tyf ;/;kmfOdf ljz]if Wofgs]lGb|t u/]/ ;d'bfox¿df hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf k|efjaf/] af]Ng'sf ;fy} cf}krfl/s 5nkmnx¿df kfgLsf] ;Gbe{sf] Jofks cefj eO/x]sf]af/] Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg'eof] . pxfFn] kfls:tfgsf jftfj/0f dGqLnufot s]xL k|efjstf{x¿;Fu klg s'/fsfgL

ug'{eof] . kfls:tfgL dGqLn] km\ofG;fsf sfdk|lt cle?lr k|bz{g ug'{eof] / kl/of]hgfx¿ sfof{Gjogsf qmddf gful/s ;dfh;Fu sfd ug{] / ;'rgf cfbfgk|bfg ug{ ;xdlt JoQm ug'{eof] .

Psflt/ ljZjJofkL a}7s s'g} 7f]; lg0f{odf k'Ug c;kmn x'g'sf ;fy} jftf{sf qmddf kfgL;DaGwL d'2f Jofks ¿kdf cf]´]ndf k¥of] eg] csf{]lt/ ljZjsf s]xL ;jf{lws ul/ hgtfnfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf k|efj cg's'lnt x'g afWo agfOPsf] 5 . oxL sf/0fn] km\ofG;fn] ut dfr{df hnjfo' kl/jt{gk|lt ;fd'bflos ;+j]bgzLntfaf/] ;d´bf/L ljsf; ug{ tyf k}/aL /0fgLlt / :yfgLo :t/Lo sfo{of]hgf tof/ kfg{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g sfo{zfnf cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . pQm a}7ssf] k|ltkmn:j¿k blIf0f Pl;ofdf hnjfo' kl/jt{g tyf kfgL / ;/;kmfOaLrsf] ;DaGwaf/] ;~hfnsf] a'´fOdf ;'wf/ cfof] tyf r]tgf clej[l4Ù ;~rf/ cleofg, cg';Gwfg tyf ;/sf/x¿;Fusf] 5nkmndf ;xefuL ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 tyf cg's'ngsf nflu ;fd'bflos Ifdtf lgdf{0f h:tf ljleGg lqmofsnfksf nflu lj:t[t sfo{of]hgf tof/ kfl/of] .

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lj1d08nsf Ps ;b:osf ¿kdf d}n] kfgL tyf ;/;kmfOsf] If]qdf ckof{Kt ;fwg;|f]t nufgL ul/Psf] dfq geO{ vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;‹Lo ljZjJofkL jflif{s d"Nofªsg k|ltj]bg -Unf;_n] k|sfz kf/] ´}F nufgL eO/x]sf ;fwg;|f]tx¿ klg k|efjsf/L ¿kdf k|of]u geO/x]sf] tYok|lt d]/f] b'Mv JoQm u/]F .

cy{dGqLx¿ / ljsf; ;xof]u;DaGwL dGqLx¿sf tkm{af6 ;/;kmfO tyf kfgL If]qsf ;Gbe{df /fhg}lts tyf ljQLo k|lta4tf xfl;n ug{sf nflu pQm a}7s lgs} dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf] lyof] . o;sf cltl/Qm, ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo xfl;n ug{];Gbe{df k5fl8 kl//x]sf /fi6«x¿k|lt nlIft kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO;DaGwL ;xof]udf j[l4 ug{ / ;'wf/ ug{ tyf bft[;+:yfx¿aLr ;f}xfb|{tf tyf ;+nUgtfdf ;'wf/ ug{ d'Vo bft[;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;D´fpgsf nflu dnfO{ pQm a}7s pkof]uL nfUof] .

pQm a}7ssf qmddf aËnfb]zn] cfufdL kfFr jif{df yk @) s/f]8 8n/ vr{ ug{] k|lta4tf JoQm u/]sf]df dnfO{ cToGt v'zL nfUof] . ;xefuL cGo /fi6«x¿n] klg dGqfno/ gful/s ;dfh ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx¿ ;xefuL /fli6«o 5nkmnx¿df k|df0fdf cfwfl/t lg0f{o k|lqmofdf ;'wf/ u/]/ tyf ;xof]u k|efjsfl/tfdf j[l4 u/]/ ;fwg;|f]tx¿sf] kl/rfng;DaGwL k|of;df pgLx¿n] s;/L k|of; a9fpg]5 eGg] tYodfly k|sfz kfb{} k|lta4tf JoQm u/]sf lyP .

/fi6«x¿df Pslqt eP/ cfsfª\Iffsf] :t/df j[l4 ug'{ xfdLnfO{ cfjZos lyof] . To;}n] k|lt jif{ @@ nfv afnaflnsfsf] d[To' /f]Sg] ;DefJotf af]s]sf ;]jf pknAw u/fpgsf nflu of] Pp6f klxnf] dxTjk"0f{ sbd xf] .

km\ofG;f aËnfb]zsf /fli6«o ;+of]hs ofs'a xf];}gn] ut clk|ndf jflzË6gdf cfof]lht kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO;DaGwL P]ltxfl;s pRr:t/Lo a}7sdf k|m]zjf6/ sfo{ ;~hfn blIf0f Pl;of -km\ofG;f_sf] k|ltlglwTj ug'{ePsf] lyof] . jiff} F {kl5sf] pk]Iffkl5 ljQLo tyf /fhg}lts ;lqmotfsf nflu k|lta4tf JoQm ug{] cj;/ pQm a}7sn] #) j6feGbf a9L /fi6«sf dGqLx¿ tyf gLlt lgdf{tfx¿nfO{ k|bfg u/]sf] lyof] .

h] eP klg, d]/f] Ps /fd|f] ;fyL tyf kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO;DaGwL clk|msL gful/s ;dfh ;~hfn -PGo"_sf cWoIf P8jf8{ sfO?n] eGg'eP h:t} , æcfhsf 3f]if0ffx¿ oyfy{df sfo{df ¿kfGtl/t ePdf dfq} jf:tljs :jfb cfpg]5 =========== To;a]nf dfq} afnaflnsfsf] d[To' b/df sd ePsf], yk aflnsfx¿ ljBfno hfg yfn]sf / ;d'bfox¿ cfkm'nfO{ ul/aLaf6 d'Qm ug{] lbzfdf cfkm}n] sfd ug{ ;Ifd x'g yfn]sf ¿kdf k|ultnfO{ jf:tjd} x]g{ yfn]sf x'g]5f}F .Æ

Unf; k|ltj]bg nf]sfk{0fsf cj;/df cfof]lht lj1d08nsf] a}7sdf ofs'a xf];}g

;fd'bflos :t/df kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO clwsf/;DaGwdf r]tgf clej[l4

æ8LPkmcfO{8Lsf] cfly{s ;xof]usf nflu wGojfb 5, xfdL jf6/P8 ;f´]bf/x¿eGbf klg k/ k'Ug / :yfgLo :t/sf ;d'bfox¿nfO{ e]6\g ;Ifd ePsf 5f}FÆ, km\ofg g]kfn /fli6«o ;ldltsf ;b:o tyf k|lzIfs /tg a'9fyf]sLn] eGg'eof] .

ægofF ;+ljwfgdf kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO;DaGwL clwsf/ ;dfj]z ug{sf nflu xfd|f] ;/sf/dfly lbO/x]sf bafaaf/] xfdL xfd|f b'u{d If]qsf ;b:ox¿nfO{ k|lzIf0f lbFb}5f}F / kfgL tyf ;/;kmfOdf kx'Fr j[l4 ug{sf nflu s;/L of] pkof]uL ;fwg x'g;S5 eGg]af/] pgLx¿nfO{ hfgsf/L lbFb}5f}FÆ, km\ofg g]kfn /fi6« ;+of]hs nhgf dfgGw/ eGg'x'G5 .

k|lzIf0fx¿ lgs} ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . ltgLx¿ :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0f ug{ ;kmn /xg'sf ;fy} ;~rf/ dfWodn] klg pQm sfo{qmdnfO{ /fd|f] :yfg lyP .

km\ofg g]kfnsf ;b:ox¿n] ;fd'bflos ;b:ox¿nfO{ kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO clwsf/;DaGwdf ;';'lrt x'g] sfo{df pgLx¿nfO{ cu|;lqmo ¿kdf ;+nUg u/fO/x]sf] 5 .

æo; k|lzIf0fkl5 :yfgLo :t/sf dflg;x¿n] o; clwsf/af/] ;f]Rg] tl/sfdf cfPsf] kl/jt{gsf sf/0f d lgs} pT;fxL ePsf] 5'Æ, csf{ ;b:o tyf k|lzIfs clgn :yflktn] eGg'eof], æpgLx¿ ca cfkm\gf ;fd'bflos ;b:ox¿dfly k|efj kfg{ / pgLx¿nfO{ lzlIft ug{ Pj+ cfkm\gf If]qsf ;f+;bx¿dfly bafa lbg tof/ 5g\ .Æ

k|lzIf0fkl5 s]Gb|Lo pk–/fli6«o zfvfsf Ps ;xefuL dfof tfdfË ;+ljwfgdf kfgL tyf ;/;kmfOnfO{ df}lns clwsf/sf ¿kdf ;dfj]z ug'{nfO{ lgs} dxTjk"0f{ s'/fsf ¿kdf cg'e'lt u/]sf] atfpFb} eGg'x'G5, æk|To]s gful/snfO{ ;'/lIft kfgLdf kx'Frsf] k|Tofe'lt lbOg'kb{5 . ca d cfkm\gf] clwsf/sf nflu bafa lbg k|lta4 5' . ;/sf/ s]xL ug{ c;kmn eof] eg] d pgLx¿nfO{ csf{] r'gfjdf dt gv;fNg ;S5' .Æ

k|m]zjf6/ PSzg g]6js{ cGt//fli6«o -km\ofg_8]lgon df]n{] sfo{sf/L ;lrjs]l/b\j]g hf]g;g km\ofg ;~hfn tyf ;~rf/ ;+of]hsdfs{ kmfpS; cfly{s ;xof]u clws[tsf]NnLg af}sfg] k}/jL sfo{ tyf l;sfO clws[t

k|m]zjf6/ PSzg g]6js{, bf];|f] tNnf, $&–$( b'xf{d dfu{, n08g, P;O{!! % h]8L, ;+o'Qm clw/fHo

( +$$ @) &&(# $%)(4 +$$ @) &&(# $%$%+ fan@freshwateraction.net7 www.freshwateraction.net

vfg]kfgL / ;/;kmfOsf nflu clk|msL gful/s ;dfh ;~hfn -PGo"_hfldNnfx Djfl~h;L sfo{sf/L ;lrjhf];]lkmg d'sf08fËf If]qLo ;~rf/ clws[t

dfkm{t\, dfhL gf pkmflg;L, y]6f n]g, n]gfgf /f]8 kNnf]kl§, x'ln{‹fd, kf]ag+= %*^*$–))@)), g}/f]aL, s]Gof

( +@%$ @) @&@&!)&÷*4 +@%$ @) @&@&^##@+ jamillah@anewafrica.netSkype anewafrica.comms7 www.anewafrica.net

k|m];jf6/ PS;g g]6js{ – dWo cd]l/sf -km\ofGsf_Jof]u{] df]/f If]qLo ;+of]hscfGb|]; df]/f If]qLo ;~rf/ clws[t

kf]ag+= !*%@–@)%), sf]:6fl/sf

( + %)^ @@*)–^%!^4 + %)^ @@*!–#@()+ fancaregional@gmail.com7 www.fanca.co.nr

k|m];jf6/ PS;g g]6js{ – d]lS;sf] -km\ofg d]S;_ gfyfnL ;]u'Og km\ofg d]S; If]qLo ;+of]hslal6«h ?Ohkfnfl;of]; ;~rf/ tyf cfly{s ;xof]u clws[tg'Pef] lnof]g @!&, sf]nf]lgof P:sf08f]g, ;LkL )^)&) d]lS;sf] 8LPkm, d]lS;sf( +%@ %% %@^$)%@$+ info@fanmexico.net7 www.fanmexico.net

k|m];jf6/ PS;g g]6js{ – cd]l/sf 8]n ;'/÷8f] ;'n -km\ofgf;_h]df{g /f]rf If]qLo ;+of]hsx¿lggf]g dfsf8f]of]xfGgf sfnf{]; a]h]/f{ If]qLo ;~rf/ clws[t

dfkm{t\, OlG:66\o'6f] Okfg]df, ?cf ;]/flkmd efnf08«f], Pg=^÷#)$ – af]6fkmf]uf], ;LO{kL M @@@^)–!!), l/of] 8] h]g]l/of], a|flhn( +%% @! @%@& *&$&+ fanas@freshwateraction.net

/fdL;]§L d'/nL ;+of]hsk|sfz cdfTo If]qLo ;~rf/ clws[tgLns07 ld> zf;g Joj:yf tyf kf/blz{tf sf]if ;+of]hs

k|m];jf6/ PS;g g]6js{ – blIf0f Pl;of -km\ofG;f_ ;lrjfno, 3/ g+= @–!@&÷$, Kn6 g+= $, Oi6 sNof0fk'/L pKkn, x}b/fjfb–%)) )#( -cfGw|k|b]z_, ef/t

( +(!–$)–^%*&#*#)+ convenor@fansasia.net df]afOn +(!–(#(@!#!!#+ prakasha@mos.com.np df]afOn +(&&–(&@!%)$**#+ gtf@fansasia.net df]afOn +(!–(^&^&&&$(@7 www.fansasia.net www.facebook.com/fansouthasia

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PGo"sf] nfdf] ;dob]lvsf] ;f´]bf/ cfe]8]s -u|fdL0f tyf ;fd'bflos ljsf; ;‹_ bz jif{eGbf a9L ;dob]lv a'?GbLsf dflg;x¿sf] hLjg ;'wf/ sfo{df ;lqmo /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . wf/f Pj+ ljBfno lgdf{0f h:tf k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f sfo{b]lv lnP/ :yfgLo sflnu9 tyf k|fljlwsx¿nfO{ k|lzIf0f lbg], ;'zf;g k|jw{g ug{] tyf PsLs[t hn;|f]t Joj:yfkgsf dfWodaf6 jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ug{] h:tf ;fd'bflos ljsf;sf ljleGg If]qdf of] ;+:yf ;+nUg /xFb} cfPsf] 5 .

PGo"sf] dfWodaf6 cfe]8]sn] ljleGg cGt//fli6«o sfo{qmdx¿sf ;fy} bafa Pj+ k}/jL lqmofsnfkx¿df a'?GbLsf] gful/s ;dfhsf] k|ltlglwTj u/]sf] 5 . ;g\ @))( df lnlaofdf ;DkGg clk|msL o'lgogsf /fi6«k|d'vx¿sf] s[lif tyf cfly{s j[l4;DaGwL a}7sk"j{ cfof]hgf ul/Psf] gful/s ;dfh k"j{a}7sdf pQm ;+:yfn] ;xeflutf hgfPsf] lyof] . pQm a}7sdf ;xefuLx¿n] ;/;kmfO;DaGwL ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo xfl;n ug{] k|lta4tf JoQm ug{ ;/sf/x¿ Pj+ cfkm\gf ljsf; ;f´]bf/x¿nfO{ cfXjfg ub{} ;+o'Qm gful/s ;dfh jQmJo hf/L u/]sf lyP .

;g\ @))( d} kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO If]qdf sfd ug{]x¿sf] ;ª\Vof ;Lldt eP klg ;+o'Qm ¿kdf sfo{ ug'{kg{] s'/fdf ljZj:t x'Fb} cfe]8]sn] PGo"sf] ;xof]udf a'?GbLdf /fli6«o ;~hfn lgdf{0f ug{] k|of;sf] g]t[Tj u/]sf] lyof] .

:yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ -:yfgLo ;/sf/, gu/kflnsfsf] kfgL;DaGwL lgsfo tyf ljBfno lgb{]zsx¿ nufot_;Fusf] ;xsfo{df cfe]8]sn] a'u]Gbfgfdf vfg]kfgL k|0ffnLdf ;'wf/ u/]sf] 5 eg] u|fdL0f ljBfnox¿df s}of}F wf/f / zf}rfno lgdf{0f ul/lbPsf] 5 . o;n] ;d'bfonfO{ pgLx¿sf kfgL cfk"lt{ Joj:yfkg ug{df ;xof]u u/]sf] 5, ;fd'bflos g]tfx¿nfO{ k|lzIf0f lbPsf] 5, r]tgf clej[l4 sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 / a'?GbLdf Ps df}lns kxnsf ¿kdf :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO k|jw{gsf nflu k|lzIf0f s]Gb| lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . o:tf] lsl;dsf] PsLs[t ljlwaf6 dfq} bL3{sfndf jf:tljs ljsf; x'g;Sg] ljZjf; cfe]8]ssf] /x]sf] 5 .

kfgL, ;/;kmfO tyf :jf:Yo If]qdf ljlzi6Ls/0f ub{} cfe]8]sn] a'?GbLsf ;d'bfox¿sf] dfu, /fHon] k|bfg ug{] ;]jf / bft[;+:yfx¿aLr dWo:ystf{sf] e'ldsf lgjf{x ub{} cfPsf] 5 . cfkm\gf] :yfkgf sfnb]lv g} o;n] pknlAwdfly nfeu|fxL ;d'bfosf] :jfldTj k|jw{g ug{ / lbuf]kgf ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu k|To]s kl/of]hgfsf] k"0f{ rqmel/ -cjwf/0ff lgdf{0fb]lv clGtd d'Nofªsg

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r/0f;Dd_ g} ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;xeflutfd'ns ljlw ckgfpg'kg{] s'/fdf hf]8 lbFb} cfPsf] 5 .

cfe]8]sn] cy{ ;+sng sfo{sf nflu lj1 k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u pknAw u/fpF5 / cfofltt ;fdu|Lx¿sf] cfk"lt{ sfo{ ;DxfN5 t/ s'g k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf; ug{] eGg];DaGwL lg0f{o ug{] Pj+ :yfgLo ;fdu|Lx¿ -afn'jf, 9'Ëf_ / cbIf sfdbf/ pknAw u/fpg] sfd ;d'bfon] g} ub{5 . k|To]s k/Lof]hgfsf qmddf k|lzIf0f tyf r]tgf clej[l4 cleofg klg ;~rfng ul/G5 .

cfkm\gf] Pp6f ljlw …afn k|lzIfsÚ -jf …afnaflnsfb]lv afnaflnsf;DdÚ_ ljlwÚdf cfe]8]sn] cGo afnaflnsf tyf pgLx¿sf kl/jf/aLr afnaflnsfnfO{ 5/]/ :jf:Yo;DaGwL ;Gb]z k|jw{g ug{df afnaflnsfsf] dxTjk"0f{ e'ldsfnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 .

kfgL eg{ hfg] tyf 3/;+;f/df kfgL Pj+ ;/;kmfOsf] Joj:yfkg ug{] h:tf sfo{sf nflu ;fdfGotof lhDd]jf/ JolQmsf ¿kdf dlxnf g} x'g] ePsfn] pgLx¿n] klg dxTjk"0f{ e'ldsf lgjf{x ul//x]sf x'G5g . b'ef{Uosf] s'/f s] 5 eg] kfgL;DaGwL ;fd'bflos a}7s Pj+ kbdf pgLx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj k|foM sd} x'G5 . o;} tYonfO{ b[li6ut u/L cfe]8]sn] cfkm\gf lqmofsnfkx¿df dlxnfx¿nfO{ af]Ng lbg] s'/fdf lgs} Wofg lbg] u/]sf] 5 / kfgL Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf k|To]s tLgb]lv kfFr hgf ;b:odf sDtLdf b'O{ hgf dlxnf x'g] s'/f ;'lglZrt u/]sf] 5 .

clk|msL u|]6 n]S;sf] d'6'df cjl:yt Pp6f ;fgf] /fi6« a'?GbL bz jif{sf] åGåkl5 k'gMlgdf{0fsf] af6f]df /x]sf] b]z xf] . oxfFsf jfl;Gbf lgs} ul/a 5g\ / o'4sf qmddf ePsf] Jofks ljgfzsf sf/0f l;lh{t ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/sf] cefjn] ubf{ kfgL jf cfwf/e't ;]jfdf pgLx¿sf] kx'Fr lgs} sd 5 . k|lt jif{ sl/a !,%)) ldld cf};t jiff{ x'g] u/]sf] / b]zel/ g} xhf/f}F kfgLsf d'n ePsf sf/0f a'?GbLn] kfgLsf] cefj Joxf]g'{ t k/]sf] 5}g t/ d[To' b/, ljz]if u/L kfFr jif{d'lgsf afnaflnsfsf] d[To'sf] d'Vo sf/0fsf ¿kdf kfgL / ;'Id hLjf0f' /x]sf 5g\ .

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