friars and civil state
TRANSCRIPT
Who reigned and who ruled?
THE FRIARS AND THE CIVIL STATE
Mitschek, Ariane B.BSE-ENG1A
Subsequent increase in prestige and material wealth.
Lowering of standards- Intellectually and morally.Real possibility of getting materially rich.The unusual combination power of the friars and
principalia, made the friar the principal figure and the church the de facto dominant institution in the country.
With the friars economic power, indispensable role in civil administration, and spiritual authority the friars assume a more prominent role than would be seemly for the demands of a spiritual life.
Possible factors contributed to the abuses of the friars:
Subsequent increase in prestige and material wealth.
Conflict: Who was to be the guardian over the lives of the encomienda's inhabitants whose labor and property after all served as the source of both the friars and the encomendero's revenues?
The friars complained
the abuses in the
encomienda system
Friars complaint were often
seen as self-serving
Governor-General Gomez Perez
Dasmariñas felt the friars were
using the alleged abuses
to highlight what they
believed to be their own superior
qualifications
The friars complained about the abuses of the encomenderos. Including the
encomenderos’ withholding the friars’ fair share of the tributes-to the colonial
government and to the king.
Lowering of standards- Intellectually and morally;Real possibility of getting materially rich.
Conflict: Sovereignty and Adjudication, "by natural right belong to the Indios and neither the King nor the Pope can take it away from them…the Indios are as free in their lands and as the Spaniards are in theirs, and their liberty is not taken away by the King or by the Gospel.” – Council of Clerics 1582
The declaration of this constitution,
convened by first Bishop of
Manila, Domingo de
Salazar, easily and
subsequently disregarded.
The constitutio
n is resolutely
anti-colonial
Domingo de Salazar first Bishop of Manila
He convened a council of clerics in 1582. The council declared that sovereignty and
adjudication “by natural right belong to the Indios and neither the King nor the Pope can
take it away from them.”
Conflict: Exorbitant fees charge by the friars to hear a confession, to failure carrying the individual to the church for Holy Communion to be administered;Charging parishioners for supplying them with religious items such as rosary.
By 1698, the Manila
Archbishop had to forbid the exaction
of fees for the performance
of the sacraments
The archbishop found the
charging of fee to hear
a confession uncommon
His order prohibitin
g this practice
was ignored
According to Onofre D. Corpuz book, The Roots of the Filipino Nation,
“this had been the practice of the Spanish friars and curates since the early days of Hispanic Christianity in Filipinas. Previous
orders prohibiting this practice…were ignored.”
The unusual combination power of the friars and principalia, made the friar the principal figure and the church the de facto dominant institution in the country.
Conflict: Transferring more land to fewer people, mostly to friars with the aid of the principalia.
The friars were aided by the pricipalia,
agents of the Spanish colonial
apparatus, took advantage
to the privatization of
property.
Principalia were able to acquire individual and legal titles to
land
Having the position
and privilege, the friars were able
to manipulate state affairs
Estate-owning friar orders
Provincial Hierarchy (1800)
With the friars economic power, indispensable role in civil administration, and spiritual authority the friars assume a more prominent role than would be seemly for the demands of a spiritual life.
Conflict: The friars misused of the system of obras pias, building the road to heaven come cheap.
Governor General Fernando
Bustamante found out that the friars had
borrowed heavily from
the government and from the obras pias.
Bustamante demanded
repayment of loans and to,
assert his authority, had
the archbishop imprisoned
on charges of having
conspired against the
government.
In 1719, he was slain by a mob led by friars, who stormed at the palace, overpowered
the guard, and knifed the governor and
his son to death.
Governor-General Fernando Bustamante
• Activist governor•A military commander of high rank
and first such to be appointed governor general of the
Philippines
Conflict: The Dispute of Sebastian Hurtado de Corcuera with Archbishop Hernando Guerrero
Once Hurtado stepped down, the clergy
insisted he be brought to court and
punished. He was found guilty and
imprisoned for five years before finally being freed by royal
order.
Francisco de Nava had knifed his
female ex-slave in front of the
church for refusing to marry him.
After he was found guilty of murder, he was hanged at the
gallows erected right
across the church.
Officials of the archdiocese
requested the release of the prisoner and
his return to directly in front of the church
where Nava had claimed sanctuary. The same day the
archbishop ordered an interdict and the
church, but the governor refused to
see them. The sentence was soon
carried out (September 6, 1635),
on a specially built gallows suspension of
religious services.
Sebastián Hurtado de Corcuera, Spanish governor of the
Philippines, 1635-44
Hernando Guerrero, Archbishop of Manila, Philippines (1635-1641))
It wasn’t as though the civil authorities themselves were models of democratic behavior and restraint. They were no less exploitative.
The Guardia Civil, was much feared by the local populace for their often arbitrary and abusive behavior.
Extracting the most profit out of the colony turned into a pierce albeit unofficial competition between two rival spheres.
CONCLUSION
~FIN~