friday 9 am fp weight loss therapies-dr. church · 2015-06-26 · provider communication activates...
TRANSCRIPT
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Matching Patients to Weight Loss Therapies
• Tim Church MD
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Key Takeaways for Successful Weight Management
• Discuss body weight with patients using BMI and risk
factor values
• Engage patients in decision making regarding goals
and therapy
• Support and help patients with lifestyle modification
• Support with weight loss medications when necessary
• Engage patient lifelong for success and satisfaction
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Provider Communication Activates
Patients to Lose Weight Patients advised to lose by their
physician lost weight up to 1 yr
later, n>90,000 (Berning 2015)
PCP’s underutilize weight
management interventions,
n>90,000 (Booth 2015)
Patient Activation Improves
Outcomes, Reduces Costs,
n>32,000 (Greene 2015)
– More activated patients =
Better health outcomes
– As patient activation increased = costs decreased
– If patient activation decreased = costs increased
– If patient activation increased = costs decreased
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Patient Activation and Engagement Include Shared Decision Making
Provider Educates
• Medical information • Patient-friendly • Uses Aid
Patient Shares
• Concerns • Values • Preferences
Decision Mutual
• Care plan • Follow-up
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KEY: SDM Aid and Mobile App
Welcome to PEPtalkTM, a program of PEPeducation.net
PEPtalk clinician downloadable apps provide points-of-care opportunities to engage patients in shared decision-making discussions in your office.
PEPtalk aids are listed by medical problem. Each program can be used on a computer, tablet or smart phone.Patient Aid
Clinician App
PEPtalk is your source for personalized patient education and engagement programs that can activate your patients to improve their health outcomes and reduce costs.
TM
The value of PEPtalk:• Saves time by explaining complicated medical conditions using engaging animated video• Explains therapy options, risks, and side affects in patient friendly terms• Solicits patient values, concerns, and preferences in a private, safe environment• Documents patient input and action• Produces a printable ACTION PLAN for engagement in mutual discussion and decisions
How PEPtalk works:Using two formats, PEPtalk supports Shared Decision-Making efforts between you and your patients. Programs like PEPtalk help patients choose behaviors, adhere to therapy, and be more satisfied with their care.
1. Identify patients with specific therapeutic needs and disease states.2. Send them the PEPtalk SDM Aid link to review and complete.3. Use the PEPtalk Mobile App in your office when reviewing therapeutic options. This SDM tool reinforces learning and engagement.
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How confident are you that you can support weight loss efforts in your patient
population?
• Very
• Somewhat
• Not at all
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Denise ! A 39-‐year-‐old African American female
! Hypertension for 5 years.
! Former high school athlete
! Concerned about her weight gain after
having 3 children (she has had tubal ligation)
and wants to get “back in shape.”
! Tried various diets without enduring results
! Concerned about her lack of energy.
Medications:
• HCTZ 12.5 mg, 1 tab daily
• Amlodipine 5 mg daily
• Paroxetine 20 mg daily
" Weight: 180 lbs.
" Height: 63 in.
" BMI: 31.7 kg/m2
" WC: 36 in.
" BP: 138/88 mmHg
" A1C: 5.9%
" FBG: 101 mg/dL
" TC: 218 mg/dL
" TG: 247 mg/dL
" LDL-‐C: 145 mg/dL
" HDL-‐C: 43 mg/dL
" Non-‐HDL-‐C: 175 mg/dL
" TSH: 2.14 miu/mL
" Fasting Insulin: 23 u/mL
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Body Weight
Pressure to Eat More
Pressures to Be Less Physically Active Biology
Behavior Ein Eout
Portion Sizes, Soft drinks/junk food Variety High Energy density food, Convenience High glycemic index, Added Sugar , Great Taste Low Cost, Easy food access, Ads/marketing
Sedentary workplaces/schools/ entertainment Activity “unfriendly” community design Drive-‐through conveniences Elevators/escalators Remote controls Labor-‐saving devices Television/computer
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Components of an Effective Obesity Management Program
Wadden TA, Foster GD. Behavioral treatment of obesity. Med Clin North Am. 2000;84:441-‐461 Stumbo, PH, et. al. Dietary and medical therapy of obesity. Surg Clin N Am 85(2005)703-‐723
Surgery or Medications
Physical Activity
Behavior Modification
Diet
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Why is 5%-‐10% Weight Loss the Goal?
Modest weight loss (5-‐10%) can:
10 1. Hamman RF, et al. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(9):2102-‐2107. 2. Look AHEAD. www.lookaheadtrial.org/public/bibliography.pdf
DPP1
-‐10
-‐8
-‐6
-‐4
-‐2
0
Weigh
t los
s
Years from baseline
Look AHEAD2
Diabetes Support and Education
Intensive Lifestyle Intervention
• Prevent T2DM1
• Improve glycemic control in T2DM • Reduce need for anti-diabetic
agents • Reduce blood pressure • Reduce triglycerides • Increase HDL-C • Reduce CRP • Improve symptoms of sleep apnea • Improve markers of NAFLD
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11
Low Glycemic
Low Fat
Low CHO
Low Calorie
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Weight and Metabolic Outcomes After 2 Years on a Low CHO vs. Low-Fat Diet A Randomized Trial
Foster, GD, et al. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153(3):147-157. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-153-3-201008030-00005
Predicted absolute mean change in body weight for participants in the low-fat and low-carbohydrate diet groups, based on a random-effects linear model. Error bars represent 95% CIs.
12
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Most Popular Commercial Programs
13
Two diet options, expanded from classic points program
Low cost (as little as $12 per week)
Choose between web-‐based and group setting
Lay counseling
Provides food and telephone counseling
~$280-‐$370 per month
Shelf-‐stable dry or frozen foods with supplemental fruits and vegetables
Provides food and in-‐person or telephone counseling
~$500-‐$650 per month
Shelf-‐stable dry or frozen foods with supplemental fruits and vegetables
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Internet Online Programs
14
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Exercise
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The Lifestyle Approach
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Noon-time jog
Walk to bus stop
After-dinner walk
Ener
gy E
xpen
ditu
re (M
ETS)
Time (hours)
Sedentary Exercise
Lifestyle Activity
Blair SN, et al. Med Exerc Nutr Health. 1992;1:54-‐57.
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Tracking Physical Activity
17
JawBone Accelerometer Nike FUEL
Fitbug Fitbit BodyMedia
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Self-monitoring
Water Intake
19
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Look AHEAD Research Group. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170:1566-1575.
How Much Weight Does the State-‐of-‐the-‐Art Lifestyle Intervention Produce?
-‐0.63 -‐0.93 -‐0.92 -‐1.01 0.00
-‐8.5
-‐6.35 -‐5.04
-‐4.66
-‐9 -‐8 -‐7 -‐6 -‐5 -‐4 -‐3 -‐2 -‐1 0
Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4
Mean weight loss (%) from baseline by year
Diabetes support and education
% W
eigh
t cha
nge
P<.0001
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Denise
• Returns 3 months later
having lost only 5 lbs.
• States stressful lifestyle
leads to constant hunger
and stress eating
• Asks about weight loss
medications
Current Medications:
• HCTZ 12.5 mg, 1 tab daily
• Amlodipine 5 mg daily
• Paroxetine 20 mg daily
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Food Intake is Not Merely a Cognitive Function
Central Nervous System
– Homeostatic system: hunger
and satiety
– Reward system: over-‐rides to
produce food intake even in
absence of hunger
Peripheral Signals
– Leptin from fat
– GLP-‐1, GIP, PYY, OXM, from
small intestine
– Pancreatic polypeptide, amylin,
insulin from pancreas
– Ghrelin from stomach
GLP-1, Glucogen-like peptide 1; GIP, Gastric inhibitory polypeptide; PYY, Peptide YY; OXM, oxyntomodulin
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Why Do We Need Drugs for Weight Loss?
Address pathophysiological problems
• Adherence to healthy eating plan
• Achieve meaningful weight loss
• Produce more weight loss – greater health benefits
• Early weight loss = more success
• Sustain weight loss
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Indications for Pharmacotherapy
• FDA prescribing criteria
– Adjunct to diet and increased physical ac3vity for
adults with an ini3al BMI ≥30 kg/m2 or ≥27 kg/m2
in the presence of at least one weight-‐related
comorbid condi3on
– Chronic weight management
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You decide that it is reasonable to consider intensifying treatment and add adjunctive pharmacotherapy. Based on your level of comfort, what is your next step?
1. Prescribe orlistat
2. Prescribe phentermine
3. Prescribe phentermine/topiramate
4. Prescribe lorcaserin
5. Prescribe bupropion/naltrexone
6. Prescribe liraglutide
7. Refer to an obesity medicine specialist
8. Unsure
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Recent Addi*ons to Pharmacotherapy
ER: extended release; GABA: gamma-‐aminobutyric acid; NDA: new drug approval; SR: sustained release. 1. Qsymia (phentermine and topiramate extended-‐release) Prescribing Informa3on. Mountain View, CA: VIVUS, Inc.; 2013. 2. Belviq (lorcaserin) Prescribing Informa3on. Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey: Eisai Inc.; 2012. 3. h]p://clinicaltrials.gov/show/ NCT01601704. Accessed July 8, 2014. 4. h]p://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm413896.htm. Accessed September 16, 2014. 5. h]p://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01272219. Accessed July 8, 2014. 6. h]p://novonordisk.com/include/asp/exe_news_a]achment. asp?sA]achmentGUID=D57A8F09-‐21EA-‐4D84-‐84FE-‐E2C38B41E25F. Accessed September 16, 2014.
Agents Ac*on Approval
Phentermine/ topiramate ER1
• Sympathomime3c • An3convulsant (GABA receptor modula3on, carbonic
anhydrase inhibi3on, glutamate antagonism) • 2012
Lorcaserin2 • 5-‐HT2C serotonin agonist • Li]le affinity for other serotonergic receptors • 2012
Naltrexone/ bupropion SR3-‐4
• Dopamine/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor • Opioid receptor antagonist • 2014
Liraglu3de5-‐6 • GLP-‐1 receptor agonist • 2014
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Management Decision Making
" Was my patient represented in the pivotal trials?
" What are the exclusions/contraindications?
" What is the effectiveness of treatment (weight loss) if
my patient stays on the drug for at least 1 year?
" What are the side effects/risks?
" When can I determine if my patient is responsive to
treatment?
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Newer Medications
Trial Age (yrs.)
BMI kg/m2
Co-‐morbidities Warnings/Contraindications
Phentermine-‐topirimate ER Equip Conquer
18 – 70 18 – 70
≥ 35 27 -‐ 45
Metabolic abnl Metabolic abnl
History of nephrolithiasis, recurrent major depression, suicidal behavior, tricyclic antidepressants
Lorcaserin BLOOM BLOOSOM
18 – 65 18 – 65
27 – 45 27 – 45
Metabolic abnl Metabolic abnl
Mod/severe MR, mild/severe AR Depression. Use of SSRI
Bupropion-‐ Naltrexone COR I COR II
18 – 65 18 – 65
27 – 45 27 – 45
Metabolic abnl Metabolic abnl
History of seizures, serious psychiatric illness Chronic opioid use
Liraglutide SCALE Studies ≥18 ≥27 with
comorbidity or ≥30
Metabolic abnl History of pancreatitis or FH of medullary thyroid cancer or MEN II
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Reducing Body Weight by % Categories at 1 Year with Adjunctive Medication Among those who Complete
Treatment*
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
100.00
Phen/TPM 7.5/46 Phen/TPM 15/92 lorcaserin 10 BID bupropion/naltrexone 32/360
liraglutide 3.0
5% weight loss 10% weight loss
*combined with lifestyle modification; Data are from largest Phase III trial
%
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Patient Decision: Medication or No Medication (Both groups received Intensive Behavior
Modification)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
≥5% ≥10% ≥15%
Participa
nts (%
) Placebo NB32
Weight Loss at Week 56
NB32, naltrexone SR 32 mg/d + bupropion SR 360 mg/d Wadden TA, et al. Obesity. 2011;19:110-120.
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Newer Medications: Side Effects and Considerations
Trial Most Common Side Effects
Considerations
Phentermine-‐Topirimate ER Dry mouth (13.5%) tingling (13.7%) constipation (15.1%) altered taste (7.4%)
MAOIs; Acute Myopia and Secondary Angle Closure Glaucoma, hyperthyroidism, oxalate kidney stones, teratogenic
Lorcaserin Headache (16.8%) Constipation (8.3%) dizziness (8.5%)
MAOIs; Warning – SSRIs, SNRIs, triptans
Bupropion-‐ Naltrexone Nausea (32.5%) constipation (19.2%) headache (17.6%) vomiting (10.7%) dizziness (9.9%) insomnia (9.2%)
MAOIs; Seizure disorders, chronic opioid use, suicidal thinking, anorexia nervosa or bulimia, other bupropion-‐containing products
Liraglutide Nausea (39.3%) diarrhea (20.9%) constipation (19.4%) vomiting (15.7%) headache (13.6%)
Potential risk of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), pancreatitis, gall bladder disease
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Determining Responsiveness
Medication Responsiveness Criteria
Phentermine/topiramate If <3% weight loss at 3 months on 7.5/46 mg dose, can increase to 15/92 mg dose. If <5% weight loss at 6 months, discontinue
Lorcaserin If <5% weight loss at 3 months, discontinue
Bupropion/naltrexone If <5% weight loss at 3 months, discontinue
Liraglutide If <4% weight loss at 4 months, discontinue
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Denise
• After 7 months of monthly visits and encouragement she
lost 27 lbs (15% of original body weight)
• She is feeling great and wants to lose another 20 lbs and,
most importantly, keep it off.
• Concerned she has not lost at all this month
• Asks what to do and is this a plateau she has heard about?
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Great Expectations!! Patient Expectations for Weight Loss
66.5 61.4
68 74.2
81.9
0
25
50
75
100
Current Goal
Dream Weight
Happy Weight
Acceptable Weight
Disappointed Weight
Mea
n Weigh
t, kg
Foster GD, et al. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1997;65:79-85.
≈ 33% loss
≈ 38% loss
≈ 31% loss
≈ 25% loss
≈ 17% loss
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What is a weight “plateau”?? A state of energy balance,
with intake equaling expenditure,
where rate of weight change is zero
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What Causes Plateau?
• There is no “plateau”
• Decreased expenditure
• Dietary adherence
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Plateau: Weight loss first 2 years
Hall KD, et al. Lancet 2011;378:826-‐37.
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What Causes Plateau?
• There is no “plateau”
• Decreased expenditure
• Dietary adherence
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Energy Expenditure Changes As Weight Changes
Liebel R, et al. NEJM 1995.
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What Causes Plateau?
• There is no “plateau”
• Decreased expenditure
• Dietary adherence
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What To Do
• Don’t let the patient give up
• Address expectations
• Address motivations and self-‐assessment
• Don’t let yourself (provider) give up
• Consider escalating therapy
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Additive Effects of Treatments
Wadden T, et al. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:218-‐227.
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Combination Pharmacotherapy
Aronne, 2013.
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Key Takeaways for Successful Weight Management
• Discuss body weight with patients using BMI and risk
factor values
• Engage patients in decision making regarding goals
and therapy
• Support and help patients with lifestyle modification
• Support with weight loss medications when necessary
• Engage patient lifelong for success and satisfaction
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How confident are you that you can support weight loss efforts in your patient
population?
• Very
• Somewhat
• Not at all
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You decide that it is reasonable to consider intensifying treatment and add adjunctive pharmacotherapy. Based on your level of comfort, what is your next step?
1. Prescribe orlistat
2. Prescribe phentermine
3. Prescribe phentermine/topiramate
4. Prescribe lorcaserin
5. Prescribe bupropion/naltrexone
6. Prescribe liraglutide
7. Refer to an obesity medicine specialist
8. Unsure