FRIENDS in Hydrology

Edited by

LARS ROALD Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Administration, Box 5091,

Majorstua 0301, Oslo 3, Norway

KJELL NORDSETH & KARIN ANKER HASSEL National Norwegian Committee for Hydrology, Box 5091,

Majorstua 0301, Oslo 3, Norway

FRIENDS: Flow Regimes from International Experimental and Network Data Sets

Proceedings of an international conference convened by the Norwegian National Committee for Hydrology in cooperation with the Steering

Committee of the FREND project (Flow Regimes from Experimental and Network Data), the

International Hydrological Programme of Unesco, and the International Association of Hydrological

Sciences (IAHS). The conference was held at Bolkesj0, Norway, 1-6 April 1989.

IAHS Publication No. 187

Published by the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 1989.

IAHS Press, Institute of Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK.

IAHS Publication No. 187.

ISBN 0-947571-27-2.

The. designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IAHS concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

The use of trade, firm, or corporate names in the publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by IAHS of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable.

Printed in Norway

V

PREFACE

International collaboration in hydrological projects allows a variety of analytical

techniques to be applied to large regional data sets not confined by national boundaries.

The scientific value is enhanced if these data sets include high-quality measurements

from experimental and research basins. There are two main advantages to hydrologists

of combining this data with time series from extensive operational hydrometric

networks. First, the application of advanced regional analyses on the variability of

hydrological processes and regimes, and second modern consequence analyses on trends

due to climatic change or human impact.

The FREND project was initiated by the Institute of Hydrology (Wallingford, UK) and

proposed and accepted as a contribution to Project 6.1 in the UNESCO's IHP-III

Programme for 1985 - 1988. During this period a group of hydrologists was established

from the United Kingdom, Federal Republic of Germany, The Netherlands and Norway

with colleagues from Sweden, Finland and Belgium joining them for shorter periods.

The FRIENDS Conference, April 1989, marks the conclusion of the FREND project ;

an example of practical cooperation in analysing hydrological data from as many as 13

European countries.

The experience of FREND.has been very positive. The project has benefitted from the

broader insights which follow from working in an international group and we

acknowledge their scientific results and particularly recognize the potential value of

establishing an operational international data base in hydrology and water resource

management. The relevance of this to international hydrology is obvious. Now more than

ever before hydrologists face, the task of solving regional and global problems for the

benefit of mankind. In response to this challenge the conference will discuss the

possibility of a FREND-II project with perhaps a similar organisation.

The conference has been sponsored by the International Association of Hydrological

Sciences(IAHS), and from the United Kingdom by the Overseas Development

Administration and the Institute of Hydrology, and from Norway, by The Ministry of

Development Cooperation, The Ministry of Environment, The Ministry of Petroleum

and Energy, Royal Norwegian Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, The

Norwegian Research Council for Science and the Humanities and Water System

Management Association. The Norwegian National Committee for Hydrology are

grateful for that support which has made this conference possible. We hope that the

Conference and these proceedings will be of great value for international hydrology.

Kjell Nordseth

Chairman

Norwegian National Committee for Hydrology

v i i

FRIENDS IN HYDROLOGY

Flow Regimes from International Experimental and Network Data Sets

Table of Contents

page

PREFACE by Kjell Nordseth v

OPENING SPEECH by Alan Gustard xiii

THEME I:

TECHNIQUES

Chairman: Max Beran

A REVIEW ON THE SMALL HYDROLOGICAL BASINS IN FINLAND Pertti Seuna

OPTIMAL FILTERING TECHNIQUES IN FLOOD FORECASTING 13 Gnanathikkam Amirthanathan

PERMEABILITY OF FROZEN AND THAWED SOILS AND SUB-SOILS

DURING SPRING SNOWMELT FLOODS 27 A.A. Kapotov

THE ROLE OF INSTRUMENT TYPE AND ERRORS IN THE CONSTRUCTION

OF CATCHMENT WATER BALANCES 35 Charles I. Essery

THE APPLICATION OF THE WEST GERMAN IHP RECOMMENDATIONS FOR

THE ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM SMALL RESEARCH BASINS 47 Siegfried Demuth

RIVERFLOW PREDICTION DURING BASEFLOW RECESSION ON SOME

BRITISH HARD ROCK CATCHMENTS 61 Ayodele Owoade, Mazadu D. Bako

USE OF THE FLOW RECESSION CURVE FOR THE ESTIMATION OF

CONDITIONS OF RIVER SUPPLY BY UNDERGROUND WATER 67 Laura Radczuk, Olga Szarska

COMPUTER-AIDED ANALYSIS OF FLOW RECESSIONS AND COUPLED BASIN

WATER BALANCE INVESTIGATIONS 75 R. Schwarze, U. Grunewald, A. Becker, W. Friilich

v i i i

ANALYSIS OF TIME VARIABILITY IN RECESSION 85 Lena Tallaksen

FITTING DISTRIBUTIONS TO ANNUAL MINIMUM FLOWS OF DIFFERENT

DURATION 97 Marianne Polarski

THEME II;

REGIONAL ANALYSIS

Chairman: Pertti Seuna

A CONSISTENT SCALE PARAMETER FOR HYDROLOG1CAL STUDIES 107 Abel Afounda

ANALYSIS AND APPLICATION OF EXPERIMENTAL AND NETWORK DATA

FOR DEFINING HYDROLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF UPSTREAM FORESTED

WATERSHEDS 119 Jack Jie-Dar Cheng, V.T. Liu, S.W. Lee, C.C. Koh

PREDICTION OF HYDROLOGIC SIMILARITY IN THE HUNTER VALLEY

AUSTRALIA 129 Bruce Cook, P. Laut, M.P. Austin, D.N.Body, D.P. Faith, M.S. Goodspeed, R. Srikanthan

ASPECTS OF HYDROLOGICAL INTERPOLATION 137 Lars Gottschalk, Irina Krasovskaia

CHARACTERIZATION OF WATERSHEDS BY THE INTEGRATION OF REMOTE

SENSING AND CARTOGRAPHIC DIGITAL DATA 147 Abdel-Ilah Mochadem, Jose O. Motta, S. Dautrebande

HYDROLOGY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS: SCIENTIFIC PROBLEM AND A

FIELD OF INTERNATIONALLY COORDINATED RESEARCH 153 Ludovit Molnar, Pavol Miklanek

APPLICATION OF REGIONAL FLOOD FREQENCY ANALYSIS TO BASINS IN

NORTHWEST EUROPE 163 Lars Andreas Roald

THE REGIONS ARE DEAD. LONG LIVE THE REGIONS. METHODS OF

IDENTIFYING AND DISPENSING WITH REGIONS FOR FLOOD FREQUENCY

ANALYSIS 175 Michael Acreman, Steve Wiltshire

I X

APPLICATIONS OF REGIONAL FLOODS FREQUENCY PROCEDURES IN

IRELAND 189 T. Bree, J. Curran, C. Cunnane

APPLICATION OF GIUH AND DIMENSIONLESS HYDROGRAPH MODELS IN

UNGAUGED BASINS 197 Urszula Soczynska, Barbara Nowicka

LOW FLOW REGIMES OF NORTHERN AND WESTERN EUROPE 205 Alan Gustard, Roswitha Gross

REGIONAL ANALYSIS OF FLOW DURATION CURVES, CASE STUDIES ON

CATCHMENTS IN NORTH-WEST GERMANY 213 Hartmut Wittenberg

THE MORPHOLOGY AND DOWNSTREAM HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY RELATIONS

OF ALLUVIAL STREAM CHANNELS IN A HUMID TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT,

SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA 221 Fola S. Ebisemiju

CHANGING FREQUENCY OF EXTREME EVENTS IN NORTHERN AND

WESTERN EUROPE 237 Nigel Arnell

CONSEQUENCES OF THE RECENT CLIMATIC VARIATIONS ON RIVER

FLOW REGIMES IN WEST AFRICA 251 O. Ojo

THEME III: HUMAN IMPACT STUDIES

Chairman: Ludovit Molnar

A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF GROUNDWATER ABSTRACTION ON SOIL

MOISTURE CONDITION AND EVAPOTRANSPIRATION 265 Hans Lumadjeng

TESTS AND APPLICATION OF SOIL MOISTURE DEFICIT MODELS USED FOR

ANALYSIS OF BASIN BEHAVIOUR 281 Lotta Andersson

FOREST CUT AND FOREST REGENERATION EFFECTS ON WATER BALANCE

AND RIVER RUNOFF 291 S. F. Fedorov, S. V. Marunich

SMALL CATCHMENT STUDIES OF MAN'S IMPACT ON FLOOD FLOWS: AGRICULTURAL DRAINAGE AND PLANTATION FOREST 299

Mark Robinson

APPLICATION OF A LUMPED CONCEPTUAL MODEL TO FREND 309

CATCHMENTS Roswitha Gross, C.W.O. Eeles, Alan Gustard

POSSIBILITY OF MATHEMATICAL MODEL APPLICATION TO EVALUATE MAN'S

ACTIVITY EFFECTS ON RAINFALL-RUNOFF HYDROGRAPHS 321 N. I. Kapotova, A. A. Kapotov, N. A. Livanova, S. A. Kondratiev

NEAR SURFACE HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES UNDER CHANGING LAND USE IN HUMID-EQUATORIAL CONDITIONS 33!

Ausaf-ur Rahman

STUDIES ON THE DETERMINATION OF ANTHROPIC INFLUENCES ON THE

HYDROLOGICAL REGIME IN SMALL BASINS 341 Spiridon Blidaru, M.J. Adler, E. Dragoi, I. Zlate, T. Nicolae, V. Oancea, S. Simionas, S. Teodor

THE ESTIMATION OF RIVER FLOWS WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO

NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL COMPONENTS 361 John Pirt

THEME IV: MANAGING INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH PROGRAMMES

Chairman: Kjell Nordseth

THE FREND RESEARCH PROGRAMME: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Alan Gustard 375

INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION ON HYDROLOGY OF THE CENTRAL AND

EASTERN COUNTRIES 381 Urszula Soczynska

A EUROPEAN NETWORK OF REPRESENTATIVE AND EXPERIMENTAL BASINS

FOR LONG-TERM MONITORING OF WATER RESSOURCES 391 P. Dubreuil

X I

POSTER SESSION:

ESTIMATION OF CHANGES OF RUNOFF FROM URBANIZED AND IND­

USTRIALIZED CATCHMENT 403

I. Holda, L. Osrodka, M. Wojtvlak

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATION OF RAINFALL AND RUNOFF IN

HONG KONG 409 A. W. Jayawardena, M.R. Peart

FLOOD-CALCULATIONS IN NORWAY 419 Lars Evan Petterson

RESEARCH DRAINAGE BASIN OF THE REAL COLLOBRIER (MEDITERRANEAN

FRANCE) FLOW MODELIZATION AND REGIONAL ANALYSIS 423 J. Lavabre

FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF FLOOD AND LOW FLOOD 435 Raija Leppâjârvi

LOW FLOW ANALYSIS 443 Bjarne Krokli

REGIONAL LOW FLOW ESTIMATION IN NORWAY 453 Bjorn E. Moltzau

MODELLING THE EFFECTS OF ACID DEPOSITION IN A PEATY CATCHMENT

IN FINLAND 455 Ahti Lepistô

THE PROJECT "RESEARCH AND REFERENCE CATCHMENT (FORSKREF)" 467 S. J. Saltveit, I. Blakar, J. Heggenes, J. Skurdal

REGIONAL HYDROLOGY - APPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 479 Bredo Erichsen

TIME-LAPSE STREAM-FLOW OVER NORTH AMERICA 483 Wendell Tangborn