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FROM BROWNFIELD TO GREENFIELD
International WorkshopTorino, November 9 TH
Museo A come Ambientedott. GIAN LUIGI SOLDI – Landfill and Remediation Off ice, Provincia di Torino
dott. GIAN LUIGI SOLDI – Landfill and RemediationOffice, Provincia di Torino
CONTAMINATED SITES MANAGEMENT
Overview of the Italian Regulatory System
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Evolution of the regional and national regulation� Regione Piemonte - D.C.R. n. 1005-4351-8/3/1995
Regional guidelines for the remediation of contaminated sites
� D.lgs 22/1997 “Decreto Ronchi”, on waste management, art. 17
� D.M. 471/1999, technical regulation on contaminated sites
� D.lgs 152/2006 (Framework Environmental Law), Part IV, title V, remediation of contaminated sites
� D.lgs, n. 4/2008 Further amendments on the Environmental Law
Remediation of contaminated sites
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SURFACE:
6,830 km 2
POPULATION (2008):
2,278,588 inhabitants
MUNICIPALITIES:
315
PROVINCE OF TURIN
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GROWTH OF REMEDIATION ACTIVITIESPROVINCIA DI TORINO
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
NEW SITESTOTAL
DECREE"RONCHI"
D.M. 471/99
num
ber
of s
ites
D.lgs 152/2006
Remediation of contaminated sites
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PROVINCIA DI TORINO
Remediation of contaminated sites
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ORIGIN OF CONTAMINATIONPROVINCIA DI TORINO
waste facilities12%
illegal dumping7%
transport4%
active industrial facilities
16%
closed industrial facilities
17%
Petrol stations oil storages
29%
other15%
Remediation of contaminated sites
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Industrial
brownfields
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CONTAMINANTS
0 50 100 150 200 250
petroleum hydrocarbons
metals
aliphatic chlorin. (cancerogenic)
aliphatic chlorinated (non canc.)
aliphatic alogenated (non canc.)
PAH
BTEX
Amines
Chlorobenzene
Dioxins
Chlorophenol
Phenol
Pesticides
others
n°. of sites
soil
subsoil
ground water
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REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
capping
dig & dump (landfill)
dig & dump (recovery)
inertization/vetrification
landfarming
soil washing
phytoremediation
bioremediation
biopiles
bioventing
SVE
biosparging
AS
natural attenuation
vertical barriers
PRB
chemical oxi/red
pump & treat
free product recovery
multy phase extraction
landfill capping
other
soil
ground water
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OBLIGATION FOR REMEDIATION(Law Decree n. 152/2006)
• Remediation procedure must be carried out by the responsible of contamination whenever threshold contaminant concentration limits (CSC) are exceeded (table values )
• Table values (soil) refer the land use, according to the Municipal Master Plan
• If local background concentration is higher than the threshold limits, background levels can be adopted as maximum concentration limits
• Site Specific Risk analysis (human health) must be performed when contaminant concentrations measured on site exceed table values (RBCA-ASTM procedure)
• Remedial action must be carried out if contaminant concentration exceed site specific target levels (CSR) calculated by risk analysis, otherwise a monitoring program is required
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TABLE VALUES (CSC)(soil)
A. Green / ResidentialB. Commercial / industrial
TABLE VALUES (CSC)(soil)
A. Green / ResidentialB. Commercial / industrial
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1) SITE ASSESSMENT PLAN
3) CLEANUP DESIGN
cleanup action cleanup action
SITE REMEDIATION PROCEDURE
PreventionMeasures
Monitoring Plan 2) RISK ASSESSMENT DOCUMENTC<CSR
C>CSR
C>CSC
Active facility
EmergencyAction
“Operative”safety plan
Accidental spill or Historical contamination
Responsible of contaminationResponsible of contamination
Activity closure
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• site assessment plan • risk assessment doc.• cleanup design
REMEDIATION DESIGN APPROVAL“Conference of the Services”
LANDSCAPEPROTECTIONAUTHORITY
LANDSCAPEPROTECTIONAUTHORITY
GEOLOGICALSURVEY
GEOLOGICALSURVEY
HEALTHPROTECTIONAUTHORITY
HEALTHPROTECTIONAUTHORITY
STATEFORESTSERVICE
STATEFORESTSERVICE
ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION
AGENCY
ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION
AGENCY
RIVERBASIN
AUTHORITY
RIVERBASIN
AUTHORITY
NATIONAL PARK AUTHORITY
NATIONAL PARK AUTHORITY
COMPETENT AUTHORITYCOMPETENT AUTHORITY
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Competent Authority• evaluates emergency actions• evaluates the remediation design• approves the remediation design• defines the financial security• acts “ex officio” on orphan sites and public areas
�MUNICIPALITY �PROVINCE�MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT (on sites of
“national interest”)
Remediation of contaminated sites
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Sites of “National Interest”
• Areas of particular environmental sensitivity and/or very densely populated and/or having particular historic value, and/or extending over more than one region etc.
• Communication and design procedures are similar to “standard” procedures, but the competent authority is the Ministry of the Environment
Remediation of contaminated sites
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Site of National Interest
BASSE DI STURA
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OFFICIAL ORDERS
• Whenever a public authority becomes aware of a situation of contamination, it must inform the Province
• The Province then formally orders the responsible of the contamination to carry out the remediation procedure, and notifies the owner of the property
• If the responsible party or the land owner does not act or cannot be found, competent authority (Municipality or the Province ) has to carry out the remedial action “ex officio”
• The innocent owner is called to refund the cost of the remediation activity carried out “ex officio” by the public administration, according to the market value of the site after remediation
Remediation of contaminated sites
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LIABILITY
RESPONSIBLE OF THE CONTAMINATION
LAND OWNER
COMPETENT AUTHORITY“EX OFFICIO”
• emergency action• remediation design• clean up action
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control and final certification• Control and validation of field activities and their
compliance to the approved remediation design is entrusted to the Province with the technical support of the Regional Environmental Protection Agency (ARPA)
• The Province approves the completed remediation by issuing a act of final certification
• The act of Final Certification enables withdrawal of the financial security
Remediation of contaminated sites
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ACTIONS � emergency response actions� site characterization plan� site characterization activity� risk assessment� final cleanup design� financial security� cleanup action� control� final certification� regional inventory of contaminated sites
Remediation of contaminated sites
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ACTORS
� Responsible party / Land Owner
� Municipality / Province
� Regional Environmental Protection Agency (ARPA)
� Ministry of the Environment (sites of “national interest”)
� Regional Administration (Regione Piemonte)
Remediation of contaminated sites
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Remediation of contaminated sites
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CITTA' DI TORINO
28%
REMEDIATION SITES PROVINCIA DI TORINO: 541
REMEDIATION SITES IN TORINO: 151
Remediation of contaminated sites
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Remediation of contaminated sites
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Remediation of contaminated sites
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closed at emergency
action28%
cleanup in progress
19%
design evaluation in
progress50%
final certification
3%
REMEDIATION PROCEDURES
Remediation of contaminated sites