from electric generator to plugs - lgtrempart.fr · from electric generator to plugs ... (phase1)...

Power plants to Plugs (SC)

Electric production, transport and distribution

From electric generator to plugs

Serg e C arré


Global electric network overview


VHV (440 KV) HV (150 KV)

MV (20 KV) LV(230/400 V)

Voltage Levels


Generator 50Hz

20KV/440 KVTransformer

440 KV /63 KVTransformer

63 KV/20KVTransformer

20KV/400VElectricc ompanyTransformer

20KV/400VPrivateTransformer

Power plants

Factory

Companyschool,hospital...

Housing

Output Plant voltage(20KV)

Long distancelines

Mediumdistancelines

Overview of electric distribution


30 ,0 %

29 ,0 %

4 1 ,0 %

VHV and VH voltage customers

MV customers

LV customers

Customers

Temperatugrea p CRealt emperaturePower consumed (MW)

01/01 08/01 15/01 22/01 29/01

JANUARY

Electricite De France(EDF) DATA:


France Allemagne Etats-Unis Japon Grande BretagneCanada

0

20

40

60

80

100

Energy sources

Hydraulique Nucléaire Charbon Hydro carbureHydroelectric Nuclear Coal Fuel

FRANCE GERMANY USA JAPAN UK CANADA

Energy sources


A dam is used to control the water flowand pressure. The water in stock canbe use during peak consumed. Theelectric energy produced is cheap andflexible. Electricg énérator

Hydroelectric Power: Dam


Tanker

Low pressure and strong flow Low flow and strong pressure

The turbine choice depend of height dam : P: power (watt)

H: height (m)Q: flow (l/s)

P=10.h.Q


AIR

Fuel Heating

Water

Steam Mechanicalenergy

ELECTRICEnergy

Thermal power plant

P (1) fireplace

P (2) “cold”circuit

P (3) chimney

P (4) over heater

P (5) Low pressure turbine

P (6) “hot” circuit

P (7) Medium pressure turbine

P (8) High pressure turbine

P (9) Condenser

P (10) Pump

P (11) Cooling systemGenerator


Secondary coolant

Generator

coolingwatersources

Turbine

Primary coolantPumps

Containment Control rods

Nuclear reactor Principe

Nuclear power plants


SplittingChain reactionproduces energy andheat.... and risks

Nuclear Energy from Fission


Overhead HV(220KV) cable and HVunderground cable.

For long distance transfer we use VHVoverhead line (440 KV to 63 KV). Close to the city the network becomesunderground and MV (20 KV)

Energy transportVHV pylon


L1 (phase1)

L2 (phase2)

L3 (phase3)

N:Neutral

400 V

400 V400 V

230 V

230 * p3 = 400 V

MV (20KV)

LV (400V)

HV (63KV)

LV (400V)

MV (20KV)

LV (400V)

Transformer 20KV/400V 3~

Transformer 20KV/400V 3~

Local distribution :3 electric phases network:

Short distance LV distribution


L1

L2

L3

Neutral

U=400 V

U U

V=230 V

U=V * p3= 230 * p3 = 400 V

VV

High powercircuit use3 linesnetwork

Domesticcircuit useline/neutralnetwork

*In some cases the ground is connected to neutral

Single phase or three phases circuit?


Domestic (household) wiring


A domestic electric cabinet:

P Electricity meter

P Main breaker with ground fault detector(0,5A)

P Ground fault Interrupter (30mA)

P Breakers

P Earth connection

P Water heater wires

To plugs

Remotecontrolwaterheater


Normalised domestic devices


Typical industrial three lines motor stater

Direct On Line motorstarter(power circuit).

Induction motorconsumes 65% off all

industrial energy!examples:

pump, lift, fan...

Isolating switchTo de-energize

Contactor:To commut

Breaker:To protectagainsthigh currents

OverloadprotectionTo protect againstmechanic overload

3 phasesinductionmotor

Four in one function device:


Typical forward and reverse direct starting motor

Fuses:Protect against short circuit

S1: Stop switchS2: Forward start switchS3: Reverse start switchQ1: Isolating switchF2: Overload relayKM1: Contactor forwardKM2: contactor reverse


Electricity can be dangerous!Protect yourself!


PElectrical Shock

PElectrical Burns

PArc-Flash Burns

PArc Blast

PFalls

PFire

Types of Electrical Injury

What can happen ?


PMore than 3 mA< painful shock

PMore than 10 mA< muscle contraction “no-let-go” danger

PMore than 30 ma< lung paralysis- usually temporary

PMore than 50 ma< possible ventricular fib. < heart dysfunction, usually fatal

P100 ma to 4 amps< certain ventricular fibrillation, fatal

POver 4 amps< heart paralysis; severe burns. < Usually caused by >600 volts

Fundamentals of Electrical Hazards

You should know the electric hazards (risks)and the consequences.

Time is an importantparameter during

electric shock


Leakage current i s dangero us for everyone

A GFI (ground fault Interrupter)can detect a leakage current


Working in the safe way :

P Appropriated tools:< Isolated carpet< Protection glasses< Isolated gloves< No-Voltage controller< Isolated tools


P Appropriated acts:< Check Individual Protection Equipment< Protect yourself with IPE< De-energize the cabinet



P Appropriated acts:< Lock out the cabinetWith locker< Tag-out the lockWith a label



P Appropriated acts:< Identify the concerned circuit



P Appropriated acts:< Check there is NO Voltage on the circuit



P Appropriated acts:< To create a working zone< To protect yourselfagainst close energized part with an isolated Layer



Key words:

PPlug

PGFI(Ground Faut Interrupter)

PThree phases network

PGround

PEarth

PHousehold=domestic

PWiring

PCabinet

PBreaker

P Isolating switch

PDirect on Line stater

PCabinet

PHazards

PDe-energize

P Isolated layer

P IPE

PDam

POverload

from electric generator to plugs - lgtrempart.fr · from electric generator to plugs ... (phase1)...

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