from fibers to fabric: step by step process of the fiber to the yarn to the fabric
TRANSCRIPT
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From Fibers to Fabric:
Step by step process of the fiber to the yarn to
the fabric.
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Types of Fibers
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Natural Fibers• Sources:
–Animals
–Plants
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Protein Fibers
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Cellulose Fibers
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Manufactured or Synthetic Fibers
•Chemical or Protein
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Name•Generic Name
•Trade Name
Spandex
Lycra®
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Types• Acetate
• Acrylic
• Nylon
• Polyester
•Rayon
•Spandex
•Triacetate
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Yarns•Fibers overlapped and twisted together
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Types• Spun
• Monofilament
• Multifilament
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Twist• amount varies and increases strength
• very low twist - just barely holds together
• low twist - fluffy - weak
• average twist for short fibers
• high twist hard and compact
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Texture
• given to manufactured fibers
• adds bulk, stretch, less static
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Types of Texture
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Fabric Construction• woven of knit yarns
• fibers matted together and
glued
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Woven Fabrics
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Plain Weave
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Satin Weave
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Twill Weave
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Basket Weave
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Pile Weave
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Knits• Stretches
• Returns to Original
Shape
• Wrinkle Resistant
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Warp KnitsWarp Knits• vertical rows of loops
- tricot jersey
- lace- raschel knit
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Weft KnitWeft Knit• loops made as yarn added in crosswise direction
– double knit– jersey– rib knit– pile knit jersey– velour– purl knit
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Non Woven• no grain
• no stretch or give
• requires special sewing techniques
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Non Wovens
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Fabric Finishes• changes fiber properties to create a better product
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Permanent Finish• heat set
• improves fabric resistance to wrinkling• stains difficult to remove• no need to iron
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Shrinkage Resistant• reduce shrinkage
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Soil Release• aids in removing
dirt, oil, and grease
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Flame Retardant• resists burning
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Dyeing• changes color of finished product
• can be done at fiber, yarn, and fabric stage
• printing is done at fabric stage only
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Care Labels• Law Required
- Fiber Content
- Care Instructions
- Country of Origin
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Care Requirement• washing method• drying method• bleach type• iron temperature