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Definition of Distance EducationDefinition of Distance Education Theoretical Development in Distance Theoretical Development in Distance

EducationEducation Millennial RestructuralismMillennial Restructuralism Incremental Reformism Incremental Reformism Change and Restructuring Change and Restructuring

From Last Week …

Levels of Course WebnessLevels of Course Webness Media RichnessMedia Richness.. Affordances & Affordances & PredictabilityPredictability Questions About Distance EducationQuestions About Distance Education Equipment for DL and costEquipment for DL and cost

TE 601 Distance Education

Distance Education Media &Distance Education Media & Overview of typical communication Overview of typical communication & information systems in education & information systems in education

and infrastructure developmentand infrastructure development

TE 601 Distance Education

Distance Education Media &Distance Education Media & Overview of typical communication Overview of typical communication & information systems in education & information systems in education

and infrastructure developmentand infrastructure development

Objectives

Distance Education Media and InfrastructureDistance Education Media and Infrastructure What do you want to learn under this topic?What do you want to learn under this topic? What do we need to know?What do we need to know? Your career (career goal), your knowledge Your career (career goal), your knowledge

and skills?and skills? Industry Industry AcademiaAcademia

Evolution of Distance Education Media

PrintPrint Broadcast television and radioBroadcast television and radio Cable television Cable television Interactive instructional televisionInteractive instructional television

Evolution of Distance Education Media

PrintPrint Broadcast television and radioBroadcast television and radio Cable television Cable television Interactive instructional televisionInteractive instructional television

Evolution of Distance Education Media cont Recorded audio and video mediaRecorded audio and video media Audiographic conferencingAudiographic conferencing Video conferencing or Video conferencing or

TeleconferencingTeleconferencing

Evolution of Distance Education Media cont

Compressed Video TeleconferencingCompressed Video Teleconferencing Full-Motion Video TeleconferencingFull-Motion Video Teleconferencing Desktop Video TeleconferencingDesktop Video Teleconferencing

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDNIntegrated Services Digital Network (ISDN))

DSLDSL Fiber OpticsFiber Optics

Distance Education Media- from correspondence to collaborative learning

The correspondence model The correspondence model emphasized learner emphasized learner independenceindependence paper basedpaper based Videotapes or DVDVideotapes or DVD BROADCASTING BROADCASTING

Interaction : in form of correspondence of self-Interaction : in form of correspondence of self-assessment exercises and instructor feed backassessment exercises and instructor feed back

TODAY: learner autonomy should include TODAY: learner autonomy should include interdependence. interdependence.

Today's - media

Synchronous, Asynchronous feature of Synchronous, Asynchronous feature of CMCCMC

Digital communications and the Digital communications and the convergence of telecommunication convergence of telecommunication technologiestechnologies

Current Technology for Distance Education 1) Computers and Learning

Laptop computersLaptop computers Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) DVDDVD Course Management ToolsCourse Management Tools (Cellular Phone - Korea) (Cellular Phone - Korea)

Current Technology for Distance Education 2) Computer Mediated Communication (CMC)

Electronic NetworksElectronic Networks Wireless NetworksWireless Networks Computer –conferencingComputer –conferencing Virtual RealityVirtual Reality

WV Virtual Environments LabWV Virtual Environments Lab (http://wvvel.csee.wvu.edu)(http://wvvel.csee.wvu.edu)

Media Media Strengths Strengths Weaknesses Weaknesses

Print inexpensive; learner-controlled; dense information

passive

Audio/Video dynamic; learner-controlled; vicarious experience

development time/ cost

Radio/TV immediacy; mass distribution

development time/ cost; real time use

Teleconferencing interactive immediacy

complexity unreliability

Computers multimedia; dynamic

equipment needed development time/ costs

Moore, M. G., & Kearsley, G. (1996). Distance education: A systems view. Belmont, CA:

Wadsworth.

Model of a Comm & Info Systems Infrastructure

Devices

Policy Networks Money

Skills

TE 601 Distance Education

3 Major System Transfer Modes?3 Major System Transfer Modes?

SatelliteSatelliteCMC (WWW)CMC (WWW)VideoconferenceVideoconference

TE 601 Distance Education-Satellite

System Transfer ModesSystem Transfer Modes SatelliteSatellite

1. Geostationary orbit1. Geostationary orbit• 35,785 km from the center of the Earth35,785 km from the center of the Earth• Covers 1/3 of the EarthCovers 1/3 of the Earth• http://www.geo-orbit.orghttp://www.geo-orbit.org//

TE 601 Distance Education-Satellite

System Transfer ModesSystem Transfer Modes SatelliteSatellite

2.2.  Satellite deliverySatellite delivery•a.a.            C-Band 3700-4200 MHz C-Band 3700-4200 MHz

EDNET-Institute, WV EDNET-Institute, WV

•b. b. Ku-Band 11700-12200 MHz Ku-Band 11700-12200 MHz CERC, WVU CERC, WVU          

•c. L Band 950-1450 MHzc. L Band 950-1450 MHz Chart- Chart- http://history.acusd.edu/gen/recording/spectrum.htmlhttp://history.acusd.edu/gen/recording/spectrum.html

TE 601 Distance Education-Satellite

System Transfer ModesSystem Transfer Modes SatelliteSatellite

Many satellite-based providersMany satellite-based providersHigh quality picture and soundHigh quality picture and soundCost effectiveCost effectiveIntradistrict network supportIntradistrict network supportGeographical coverage in rural areasGeographical coverage in rural areas

Disadvantages of Telecommunications satellites

subject to regulation by the FCCsubject to regulation by the FCC Only a hand full of organizations in the world Only a hand full of organizations in the world

operating rocket facilities that can perform to lift a operating rocket facilities that can perform to lift a satellite into orbit. satellite into orbit. Rocket misfire and blow upRocket misfire and blow up

Redundancy is required for built –in repetition of Redundancy is required for built –in repetition of signalssignals

Atmospheric disturbances, raindrops and Atmospheric disturbances, raindrops and snowflakes can create staticsnowflakes can create static

Disadvantages of Telecommunications satellites

New competition: optical fiber lines New competition: optical fiber lines (networks)(networks) Flexibility, lower costFlexibility, lower cost Have diverted much of the long-distance Have diverted much of the long-distance

telephone business from satellitestelephone business from satellites Competition benefit us = the development Competition benefit us = the development

of more flexible satellite servicesof more flexible satellite services

TE 601 Distance Education - CMC

System Transfer ModesSystem Transfer Modes CMCCMC

Uses Internet - WAN, LAN, Uses Internet - WAN, LAN, ISDN,ISDN, cable, ATM, SMDS, DSL, Fibercable, ATM, SMDS, DSL, Fiber

Wireless Wireless

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN).

ISDN is an international ISDN is an international telecommunications standard that offers a telecommunications standard that offers a future worldwide network capable of future worldwide network capable of transmitting voice, data, video, and graphics transmitting voice, data, video, and graphics in digital form over standard telephone or in digital form over standard telephone or fiber optic cable.fiber optic cable.

ISDN transmits media using digital rather ISDN transmits media using digital rather than analog signals.than analog signals.

TE 601 Distance Education- Internet

System Transfer ModesSystem Transfer Modes InternetInternet

Access to librariesAccess to librariesCollaboration - ftp, email, (Frontpage)Collaboration - ftp, email, (Frontpage)Link between home and schoolLink between home and school

Videoconferencing

Videoconferencing technology allows Videoconferencing technology allows people at two or more locations to see people at two or more locations to see and hear each other at the same time.and hear each other at the same time.

http://www.vtel.com/http://www.vtel.com/ http://www.polycom.com/home/http://www.polycom.com/home/ http://www.phones4less.co.ukhttp://www.phones4less.co.uk