from linked data to linked science - ub...

AG Semantic Computing

Philipp Cimiano & Cord Wiljes

10th International BielefeldConference

Philipp Cimiano, Semantic Computing, CITEC, Bielefeld Univ.

»From Linked Data to LinkedScience«



Papers, papers, papers, ...



Limitations

I can not `work' with the paper

I can not get access to the full data (only views)

I can not check / validate data

I difficult to reproduce results

I No aggregation

How can these limitations be overcome?



RAW DATA NOW!



Linked Data Principles

I Use URIs as names for things -- provide unique IDs

I Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those names -- access to

content

I When someone looks up a URI, provide useful information, using

the standards (RDF*, SPARQL) -- fostering reuse

I Include links to other URIs -- fostering discovery



Linked Data Cloud



Scientific Data remains in silos

In Science, we often have the situation that valuable data is not

publicly available.

There are many reasons for this:

I high effort involved in publishing data (curation, manuals)

I lack of incentives (but this is changing, ...)

I competitive advantage (careers, ...)

I lack of technical expertise

BUT: openness requires to make raw scientific available (btw. it has

been payed by the tax payer)



Science Organizations calling for makingdata publicly accessible

I DFG: strong commitment to open access and long-term archiving

I Wissenschaftsrat:I Empfehlungen zur Zukunft des bibliothekarischen

Verbundsystems in DeutschlandI Übergreifende Empfehlungen zu Informationsinfrastrukturen

I European Commission: Open Access Pilot (FP7)



Applying Linked Data Principles toScientific Data

I Idea: create an ecosystem and infrastructure where Scientific Data

can be published using open formats so that the data can be

easily found and re-used.

I Infrastructure already there (WWW, HTTP), standards available

(RDF*, SPARQL), linked data search engines

I Missing: Incentives, Methodology.



What would this support?

I find relevant data

I check / validate data

I reproduce experiment

I compare to own data

I ...

Provenance data is of course key.



Our goal

I Develop a methodology that supports scientists in publishing

their research / experimental data as linked open data.

I So far: two use cases that guide us in the design of the

methodology and will provide a benchmarking.

I Fortunately: two scientists at Bielefeld University that are willing

to release their data as linked open data.



Chemistry: Glass Transition of AtomsphericAerosols



Use Case in Chemistry

I A researcher in chemistry wants to collect all known glass

transition temperatures about aerosols.

I The researcher would use a semantic web search engine to look

for appropriate data, using a SPARQL query to aggregate the data

as needed.

I The collected data would contain provenance information so that

the scientist can assess how trustful the data actually is.



Competency Questions

I Give me all glass transition temperatures of organic compounds.

I Give me all glass transition temperatures of amino acids

measured by differential scanning calorimetry.

I Which substances form glasses at temperature and pressure

conditions in the troposphere?

Technical challenges: vocabulary alignment, provenance data, data

indexing etc.



Biology: Natural Movement of Stick Insects



Use Case

I A researcher interested in insect locomotion downloads this

dataset.

I The researcher is able to recompute the course of joint angles

from the data given.

I As a result, the researcher is for example able to perform a

simulation of the organism or compare the data to own

measurements on the same or a similar organism.



Competency Questions

I Give me all motion capture datasets about insects!

I Recompute the course of joint angles and compare them to own

motion capture data.

I ...



Towards a Methodology



Vocabularies

I Provenance: Open Provenance Model, Provenir, PML, ...

I Bibliographic Data: BIBO, PRISM, ISBD, ...

I domain-specific vocabularies

Publication of Linked Data is an intellectual activity!



Summary

I Open Science: making research products available to the public.

I Linked Open Science: apply Linked Data technology to accomplish

this (RAW RESEARCH DATA NOW!).

I Infrastructure and open standards exist (but we need dedicated

search engines that index and provide access to content).

I Proposal of a first methodology

I Important: decentralized approach!

I Central role: Data curators

I Discussion: what does it mean for the way libraries publish data?

How do we link paper and research results? Interactive papers?



Acknowledgements

Funding by Cognitive Interaction Technology Excellence Center (CITEC)

Joint work with Cord Wiljes

from linked data to linked science - ub...

Documents