From Ocean to OceanFrom Ocean to Ocean

Unit 5 Chapter 11 Lesson 3Pages 444-451

ObjectivesObjectives

Explain how Texas became a state.Describe how pioneers traveled

west on the Oregon and Mormon trails.

Tell how the United States gained lands after the Mexican-American War.

Describe the California gold rush.

Content FocusContent Focus

Mexico took control of Texas in 1821. In 1836, Texas leaders declared Texas an independent republic and fought against Mexico’s army.

Texas IndependenceTexas Independence

1821 – Mexico wins independence from Spain

Few people lived in Texas

Mexico offered land to encourage settlement in Texas

Americans in TexasAmericans in Texas

Many new settlers were AmericansMexico becomes worried1830 – tries to stop American

settlementAlso, raised taxes on the

Americans already in TexasAmericans become angry

Gen. Antonio Lopez de Gen. Antonio Lopez de Santa AnnaSanta Anna

Sent troops to TX to enforce laws

Santa Anna had made himself the dictator of TX

Dictator – leader who has complete control of the government

The AlamoThe Alamo

TX turn the Alamo, San Antonio de Valero mission, into a fort

Davy Crocket & Jim Bowie – Americans at the Alamo

Feb. 23, 1836 – Santa Anna attacked

Lasted 13 daysMexicans won

IndependenceIndependence

Texas leaders declared TX an independent republic

Sam Houston – led the army Texas had formed

                                        

             

Never gave upNever gave up

TX never gave upAttacked Santa Anna at San JacintoTX surprised the Mexicans

screaming “Remember the Alamo!”

Santa Anna capturedFor his freedom, he declared TX

independent

The Lone Star RepublicThe Lone Star Republic

Sam Houston elected the nation’s first president

Called the Lone Star Republic because it had one star on it’s flag

Stayed independent until annexed by U.S. in 1845

Annexed – added on

The Oregon TrailThe Oregon Trail

Marcus & Narcissa Whitman – 1st Americans to travel to Oregon Country

Missionaries Narcissa wrote detailed letters of the

beautiful valleys & rich soil Letters were published Created a desire for many to go west

Oregon TrailOregon Trail

Started in Independence, MissouriTraveled in covered wagonsLong and shaped like boatsNicknamed “Prairie schooners”Wagon trains – groupsTrains left in spring – deadly to

travel in winter

Oregon TrailOregon Trail

Hard life in westMany people walkedWagons filled with suppliesNight – wagons in circle =

protectionFord – crossDanger when wagons had to ford

rivers

Mormon TrailMormon Trail

1840’s Mormons not welcomed in many places Brigham Young – Mormon leader 1846 – led group west from Illinois to

Great Salt Lake valley Now Utah This route is known as Mormon Trail

Mormon TrailMormon Trail

Established a city

Brigham Young became the territories first governor

Expanding BordersExpanding Borders

1840’s – Britain & U.S. claim Oregon territory

U.S. believed they had a right to the land

Manifest Destiny – idea that the United States was meant to stretch from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean

New ConflictNew Conflict

Will war break out over the Oregon territory?

1846 – signed a treaty setting nations northern border

Two years later – Oregon Territory created

California?California?

Americans want California too.Mexico controlled President James Polk – strong

believer in Manifest DestinyOffered to buy CA, AZ, and NM for

$30 millionMexico refused

President James K. PolkPresident James K. Polk

Mexican-American WarMexican-American War

Same time – dispute over Texas & Mexico border

U.S. claimed the border to be the Rio Grande

Mexico said it was the Nueces (nu AY says)River

100 miles north of the Rio Grande

WARWAR

Pres. Polk sent Gen. Zachary Taylor

Mexico attacked

May 13, 1846 – U.S. declares war

WAR continuesWAR continues

1847 – Americans capture Vera Cruz

Marched to Mexico city

Sept. 14, 1847 – War ends

New BordersNew Borders

Feb. 1848

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends war

Mexico gives up all claims to southern TX

Rio Grande recognized as border

In additionIn addition

Mexico sells large area known as the Mexican Cession

Cession- concession, something given up

All of present day CA, Nevada, Utah, parts of NM, AZ, CO, WY

U.S. paid $15 million (half of original offer)

1853 – U.S. buys rest of NM, AZ Gadsden Purchase

California Gold RushCalifornia Gold Rush

GoldGold

1848 – gold discovered

Changed land forever

The Forty-NinersThe Forty-Niners

1848James Marshall – working on saw

mill for John SutterBank of South RiverJan. 24, small gold nugget foundMore gold found and news spreadsGOLD FEVER!

GOLD RUSHGOLD RUSH

Gold Rush – sudden rush of people to an area where gold has been found

1 year = 90,000 people rush to CA Forty-Niners – name given to these

people because many arrived late 1849 Men, women, 1,000 African Americans

(free & enslaved)

Where & How?Where & How?

Came from all over U.S. Trails Sailing around southern tip of South

America Crossing Isthmus of Panama Also from other parts of world: Mexico,

South America, Europe, and Asia 1 out of every 4 were Chinese

California ChangedCalifornia Changed

Didn’t find gold ranched and farmed

Businesses formed

1849 – population 100,000

1850 California became the 31st state

What forced Native Americans What forced Native Americans to move west of the to move west of the Mississippi River?Mississippi River?

Indian Removal Act

What trail began in What trail began in Independence, Missouri?Independence, Missouri?

Oregon Trail

What leader was the first What leader was the first governor of Tennessee?governor of Tennessee?

John Sevier

In order to travel west, many In order to travel west, many American settlers had to ____ American settlers had to ____

rivers to reach their rivers to reach their destinations.destinations.

ford

Many Americans felt a sense Many Americans felt a sense of _____ after the nation had of _____ after the nation had

defeated the British in the War defeated the British in the War of 1812.of 1812.

nationalism

Cherokee Indians had ____ to Cherokee Indians had ____ to American way of life.American way of life.

assimilated

After the Mexican-American After the Mexican-American War, many new lands were War, many new lands were given to the U.S. in an act of given to the U.S. in an act of

____ by Mexico.____ by Mexico.

cession

Why were trails so important Why were trails so important to the growth of the United to the growth of the United

States?States?

Travel west was new to many AmericansTrails helped settlers travel more safelyGave Americans confidence to follow

others

What was the Indian Removal What was the Indian Removal Act?Act?

A law signed by Andrew Jackson forcing the Cherokee tribe and other tribes to leave their lands and move to Indian Territory, which is now Oklahoma.