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From the 1880s until the First World War, western Europe and the United States witnessed thedevelopment of Art Nouveau ("New Art"! a#in$ inspiration from the unrul% aspe&ts of thenatural world,

Art Nouveau influen&ed art and ar&hite&ture espe&iall% in the applied arts, $raphi& wor#, and illustration!Sinuous lines and "whiplash" &urves were derived, in part, from 'otani&al studies and il lustrations of deepsea or$anisms su&h as those '% )erman 'iolo$ist Ernst *einri&h *aeel (18+-1.1. in Kunstformender Natur(Art Forms in Nature, 18..! /ther pu'li&ations, in&ludin$ Floriated /rnament (18.

'%)othi&evivalist Au$ustus Wel'% Northmore u$in (1812-1832 and The Grammar ofOrnament(1834 '% 5ritish ar&hite&t and theorist /wen 6ones (180.-187, advo&ated nature as theprimar% sour&e of inspiration for a $eneration of artists see#in$ to 'rea# awa% from past st%les! heunfoldin$ of Art Nouveaus flowin$ line ma% 'e understood as a metaphor for the freedom and releasesou$ht '% its pra&titioners and admirers from the wei$ht of artisti& tradition and &riti&al e9pe&tations!

Additionall%, the new st%le was an out$rowth of two nineteenth&entur% En$lish developments forwhi&hdesi$n reform(a rea&tion to prevailin$ art edu&ation, industriali:ed mass produ&tion, and thede'asement of histori& st%les was a leitmotif;theArts and t further drew upon elements of 6apanese art ("?aponisme", whi&hfloodedWestern mar#ets, mainl% in the form of prints, after tradin$ ri$hts were esta'lished with 6apan inthe 1840s! >ndeed, the $amut of late nineteenth&entur% artisti& trends prior to World War >, in&ludin$those in paintin$ and the earl% desi$ns of the Wiener Wer#st@tte, ma% 'e defined loosel% under the ru'ri&of Art Nouveau!

he term art nouveaufirst appeared in the 1880s in the 5el$ian ?ournal Art Boderne to des&ri'e thewor# of es Cin$t, twent% painters and s&ulptors see#in$ reform throu$h art! es Cin$t, li#e mu&h of theartisti& &ommunit% throu$hout Europe and Ameri&a, responded to leadin$ nineteenth&entur% theoreti&ianssu&h as Fren&h )othi& evival ar&hite&t Eu$DneEmmanuel Ciolletleu& (181-187. and 5ritish art&riti& 6ohn us#in (181.-1.00, who advo&ated the unit% of all the arts, ar$uin$ a$ainst se$re$ation'etween the fine arts of paintin$ and s&ulpture and the so&alled lesser de&orative arts! eepl% influen&ed

'% the so&iall% aware tea&hin$s of William Borris and theArts and n e&em'er 18.3, )erman'orn aris art dealer Sie$fried 5in$ opened a $aller% &alled Art Nouveaufor the &ontemporar% dH&or he e9hi'ited and sold there (1...!+.8!+! hou$h 5in$s $aller% is &reditedwith the populari:ation of the movement and its name, Art Nouveau st%le rea&hed an internationalaudien&e throu$h the vi'rant $raphi& arts printed in su&h periodi&als as The Savoy, La Plume, Jugend,Dekorative Kunst, The ellow !ook, and The Studio!The Studiofeatured the 'old, S%m'olistinspiredlinear drawin$s of Au're% 5eardsle% (1872-18.8! 5eardsle%s flam'o%ant 'la and white 'lo print J"ai

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/bfpn/hd_bfpn.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/bfpn/hd_bfpn.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/mgot/hd_mgot.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/mgot/hd_mgot.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/mgot/hd_mgot.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/dsrf/hd_dsrf.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/dsrf/hd_dsrf.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/dsrf/hd_dsrf.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/acam/hd_acam.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/acam/hd_acam.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/whis/hd_whis.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/whis/hd_whis.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/jpon/hd_jpon.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/euor/hd_euor.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/euor/hd_euor.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/acam/hd_acam.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/2000.350http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/2000.350http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/1994.120http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/2000.278.1-.9http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/2000.278.1-.9http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/poim/hd_poim.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/poim/hd_poim.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/poim/hd_poim.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/symb/hd_symb.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/symb/hd_symb.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/symb/hd_symb.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/dcpt/hd_dcpt.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/dcpt/hd_dcpt.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/64.148http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/1999.398.3http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/mgot/hd_mgot.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/dsrf/hd_dsrf.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/acam/hd_acam.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/whis/hd_whis.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/jpon/hd_jpon.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/euor/hd_euor.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/acam/hd_acam.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/2000.350http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/1994.120http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/2000.278.1-.9http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/poim/hd_poim.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/symb/hd_symb.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/dcpt/hd_dcpt.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/64.148http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/1999.398.3http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/bfpn/hd_bfpn.htm

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ornament! Althou$h a rea&tion to histori& revivalism, it 'rou$ht Ci&torian e9&esses to a dramati& fin-de-si+%le&res&endo! >ts influen&e has 'een far rea&hin$ and is evident inArt e&ofurniture desi$ns, whoseslee# surfa&es are enri&hed '% e9oti& wood veneers and ornamental inla%s! ramati& Art Nouveau;inspired $raphi&s 'e&ame popular in the tur'ulent so&ial and politi&al milieu of the 1.40s, amon$ a new$eneration &hallen$in$ &onventional taste and ideas!

In 1884 he trained as an architect in a local firm and studied art and design at evening classes at the

&e collaborated to the 1900 Vienna Secessionand with Austrian architect'designer J.

Hoffmann, greatl$ influencing his wor(. In 190), he resented his !*ac(intosh! room

furniture at the "urin International +hibition and he later designed houses and various "ea'-ooms interior decorations.

er$ areciated all over +uroe, but nearl$ ignored at home, in 1914 he retired anddedicated himself to ainting, roducing a beautiful collection of fine watercolour flowerstudies.

%harles -ennie *ac(intosh is one of the most influential figures of Art Nouveau, as hedeveloed his original, incomarable and linear st$le in architecture and decorative arts. &efinel$ eloited natural and artificial lighting and elored new satial concets, based onstrong traditional Scottish elements adated to modern wa$ of life. &is buildings were treatedas whole wor(s of art, where ever$ detail was carefull$ designed into clear and ure lines.

&is elegant decorative interiors comlemented his wooden furniture, designed with minimal decorati

ne of his most famous iece of furniture is the !&illhouse chair!, in dar( oa( wood, designed into geo

Art Nouveau Interior Design

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/frdc/hd_frdc.htmhttp://www.senses-artnouveau.com/biography.php?artist=SEChttp://www.senses-artnouveau.com/biography.php?artist=HOFhttp://www.senses-artnouveau.com/biography.php?artist=HOFhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/frdc/hd_frdc.htmhttp://www.senses-artnouveau.com/biography.php?artist=SEChttp://www.senses-artnouveau.com/biography.php?artist=HOFhttp://www.senses-artnouveau.com/biography.php?artist=HOF

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