from the new mexico desert through the amazon to ... moore- ii sen-i isne.pdf · department of...
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KENYA MOORE DA CUNHA
Department of Civil Engineering
The New Mexico University
From the New Mexico Desert through
the Amazon to Antarctica:
An applied nuclear science journey to
save the environment
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Balloon fiesta Uranium mines
Tent rocks Road runner
Ski
Industrial waste
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
NUCLEAR ENERGY
Nuclear
accidents
Nuclear
Power plants
Nuclear
weapons
Nuclear
waste
Human
contamination
Nuclear
accidents
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Electron
Microscopy
neutron activation
analysis (NAA)
Gamma Microscopy
X-ray fluorescence
(XRF) Black Carbon
PIXE and PDMS Radiochemistry
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Nuclear Physics
Radiation Protection
Radiochemistry
Nuclear techniques
How this knowledge can be used to help us save the
environment and reduce the risk for human health?
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Ingestion Inhalation
Excretion
The Big Question
Whole body counter
(in case of radionuclide)
How much was incorporated?
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Rio de Janeiro
New Mexico
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Grand Canyon
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Four Corners region: 520
abandoned uranium mines.
About 4,389 people live in
these chapters and, they can
be exposed to uranium.
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Cove Chapter
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Red Valley Chapter
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Sweetwater chapter
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Tee Nos Pos chapter
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
% of 235U Mass Ratios in Water Samples
Cove chapter
--
Yellow C
ottonwood S
pring
Pine Water S
prings
Aquaduct
South Cove W
ash
Area 1
Area 4
Area 2
Nez Sprin
g
Cow Sprin
gs
Water W
ell 309
Red Point D
ug Well
Ellison W
ells
Cottonwood S
pring
P.H.S
. 4-28-59
Cove Chapter H
ouse
Pipe Mine
Cove Mesa 2
Deer Sprin
gs
Sheep Dip W
ell --
0.1
1
10
% of 235
U mass - Cove Chapter
% o
f 235 U
mas
s/tot
al u
rani
um m
ass
Samples
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
NON-PARAMETRIC TESTS
(Mann-Whitney ranking test α=0.05 )
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Lichen as Biomonitor
Amazon Rainforest
Shiprock uranium mine
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Particle Induced X rays Emission
- PIXE - technique
Detection limit for uranium
0.54 ng/L (6.9 µBq/L)
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Particle Induced X rays Emission - PIXE - technique
The proton beam is generated by the
4 MV van de Graaff accelerator at PUC-RIO.
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Particle Induced X rays Emission - PIXE - technique
X- rays
Protons
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
AS
MQEN xx 90
1066,2)(
4
Radiochemistry
Alpha spectroscopy
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
10
100
1000
Th CONCENTRATION IN LICHEN SAMPLESC
ON
CE
NTR
ATI
ON
(mB
q/g)
232 Th
228 Th
Buena
Amazonas (GP) Amazonas (Nb) Amazonas (SG)
Serra Mantiqueira (SF) Serra Mantiqueira (AN)
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
1
10
100
238U
234U
U CONCENTRATION IN LICHEN SAMPLES
CO
NC
EN
TR
AT
ION
(mB
q/g)
Buena
Amazonas (GP) Amazonas (Nb) Amazonas (SG)
Serra Mantiqueira (SF) Serra Mantiqueira (AN)
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
New Mexico
Nb and Ta mine
Amazon rainforest
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Deposits
Tantalum (Ta)
Application
Ta
Open pit mine
Mineral concentrated by
chemical processes
(flotation and leaching)
Aluminothermy
Produces Fe-Nb alloy
Waste deposited in the environment
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Ta, Nb, Th and U average concentrations in
respirable fraction of aerosol.
0,0001
0,0010
0,0100
0,1000
1,0000
10,0000
Mineral
crushing
Flotation Leaching Metallurgy Slag
chrushing
Entrance
Step of process
Co
nc
en
tra
tio
n
g/m
³
Ta Nb Th U
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Urine X respirable aerosol samples
R= 0,05142
0,00 0,02 0,04 0,06 0,08
0,000
0,001
0,002
0,003
0,004
0,005
Ta
conc
entr
ação
in u
rine
sam
ples
(w
orke
rs)
(g
/ L)
Ta concentration in respirable fraction( g / m³)
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Ta concentration in food < DL
(DLTa = 1.50 x10-1 ng/g)
Ta concentration in drinking water = 1.12x102 µg/L
Ta concentration in the industrial waste water =
4.98x102 µg/L
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Metabolic model
inhalation – insoluble Class Y f1=10-3
0,14
0,21
0,28
0,35
0,42
0,49
0,56
0,63
0,70
0,77
T22T20T17T15T13T09T08T04
Rat
io u
rine/
fece
s co
ncen
tratio
n
Workers
Theoretical Experimental
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Control group Workers Teoreticol class D Teoreticol class W and Y
10-1
100
101
102
Control group Workers
Teoreticol class D Teoreticol classes W and Y
Ra
tio u
rin
e/f
ece
s co
nce
ntr
atio
ns
Metabolic model
Ingestion – drinking water
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
Ta Th U
% T
a, T
h U
dis
so
lved
time (d)
Solubility in the Simulate Lung Fluid
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Nb and Ta mine
Nuclear Fuel cycle
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
E= 102,58 MeV 106
46Pd E= 78,67 MeV
142 60Nd
n
252CF-PLASMA DESORPTION MASS
SPECTROMETRY
252CF PDMS
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
252CF-PLASMA DESORPTION MASS
SPECTROMETRY
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
2
2
1mvK
PLASMA DESORPTION MASS SPECTROMETRY 252 Cf – PDMS
Time of flight tube
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Uranium oxide
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
252CF-PDMS
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Non
-dis
solv
ed u
rani
um fr
actio
n
Time (d)
Exeperimental data CEA IMPURE 2 ICRP TYPE S Chazel Metzger CEA IMPURE 1
URANIUM OXIDE
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
1 10 100 1000 10000
1E-9
1E-8
1E-7
1E-6
1E-5
1E-4
1E-3
0.01
0.1
1
Ura
nium
con
cent
ratio
n in
urin
e (B
q)
Time (day)
Experimental data CEA IMPURE 1 ICRP TYPE S
THEORETICAL URANIUM CONCENTRATION IN
URINE
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
ICRP dissolution parameters:
Minimum= 15.0
Maximum = 24.3
Experimental dissolution parameters:
Minimum= 2.1
Maximum = 3.5
Uranium Concentrations in Urine
Predicted Values / Experimental Values
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Nuclear fuel cycle
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Si P S Cl K Ca Ti V Cr Mn Fe Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Br Rb Sr Zr Ce Th Pb0,01
0,1
1
10
100
1000
10000
Rel
ativ
e m
ass
con
cen
trat
ion
(%
)
Elements
Soil Sample S2 - Pesticide
Veteble Sample V2 - Radish
MASS CONCENTRATIONS M
as
s c
on
cen
trati
on
(p
pm
)
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Si P S Cl K Ca Ti V Cr Mn Fe Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Br Rb Sr Zr Ce Th Pb
0,01
0,1
1
10
100
1000
10000
Rel
ativ
e m
ass
con
cen
trat
ion
(%
)
Elements
Soil sample S3 - Without pesticide
Vegeteble sample V3 - Radish
MASS CONCENTRATIONS M
as
s c
on
cen
trati
on
(p
pm
)
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Mass spectrum – soil 3(pesticide)
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Coal mine
Nuclear fuel cycle
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
The coal mine
Rn concentration
Si concentration
FeS2 (pyrita) concentration
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Antarctica
Uranium mine
MG and Bahia
Waste deposit of a
Cd produce plant
Rio de Janeiro
Mineral sands plant
Rio de Janeiro
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Glacial deposit of
about 50 million
years
14 millions km2
550 miles from South
American continent
Antarctic region
below parallel 60 S
ANTARCTIC CONTINENT
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Adelie Penguin
Gentoo Penguin
(Pygoscelis papua)
Chinstrap Penguin
(Pygoscelis antarcticus)
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Tern Antarctic
(Sterna vittata)
Skua (Lone skua)
Pale-faced sheathbill or
Paddy (Snowy Sheathbill) Larus dominicanus
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
Leopard seals
Elephanst seal
Weddell seals
Weddell seals
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
DRAKE PASSAGE
SOUTH AMERICA
ANTARTICTIC
CONTINENT
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
(Na
Cl)N
a
(H2O
) 4(H
3O
)/C
oS
(AlC
l)A
l
Co
O/V
C2 VC
3
Mg
Cl/C
o/(
CH
3) 2
SiH
Ca
OH
Si
VC
CH
3N
HC
H3O
/P/C
F
Al
(Na
Cl)K
KC
L/C
a(O
H) 2
Na
2N
Mn/K
O/H
30
(H20
)
V
SiH
K-4
1
Cr
SiO
H/C
2H
2O
K-3
9
Na
MASS SPECTRUM - EZCURRA
MASS
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
VC
4
(KO
)K
Fe(O
H) 2
ZnO
H
VC
ZnO
/Mg(M
gS
)FeO
(AlO
)Al
Al
VC
2/N
iO
SiH
Fe/M
gS
/CaO
Al 2
NiO
/KC
l/C
a(O
H) 2
V
FeH
/Ca
OH
K-3
9
K-4
1
Si
SiO
HAlO
/CH
3S
i
Be
PO
/CF
O
H3
H2
Na
H1
MASS SPECTRUM - DRAKE
MASS
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
AEROSOLS
SOURCE COMPOUNDS
Marine KCl; CuCl; Na; Na2N; (Na2O)H
(H2O)(H3O); P; K; NaCNO; Ca(OH); CaC2 FeS
Anthropogenic CF; VC; VO; Cr; Cr(OH)n; Cu
Crustal Si; SiO; SiOH; FeS; FeO
Ni(OH)3; Mn; MnO; Ca; CaC2 ; P
Biogenic P; MnP; CH2CN; NH4CN Na2CN; Na2CNO
C2H3O; C2H2O; CH3Si; SiH; CH3NH; FeS;
CaC; CaOH
Compounds Identified in the Ice samples from
both faces - Ezcurra or Drake
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
AEROSOLS SOURCE
Ezcurra Drake
Marine MgCl; NaCl; (NaCl)K; (K2SO4)Na; Na2SO3; AlCl; (CH3)2SiH; CaSO4
MgS; MgO; CaO KCl; KNO2; CaCl2; NiCl; Fe; FeH; Zn; ZnOH; CuCl2
Anthropogenic Co; CoO; CoCl FeO; MgO; NiCl; MnCO3; CoS; CrO; CrS4; PbO
Crustal Mg2Si; MgSiO2 (CH3)5Si2O; Al2; AlO; AlNi; KO; CaO; CaSi; CaAl2SiO8; Ni; NiO; FeH; FeSi; Fe(OH)n; FeI2;
FeS; FeO; FeKn
Zn; ZnO;PbCl2; PbSiO3
Biogenic C3H7O; SiH; KNO3; Co2P PO; NaCN; Na2CNO; AlN2; KO; KNO2; CaO; Fe; Fe(OH)2; CuCNS Ni(NC)2
COMPOUDS IDENTIFIED ONLY IN ONE ICE SAMPLE
EZCURRA OR DRAKE
Brazilian Station
Comandante Ferraz - EACF
Diesel deposit
FLOW RATE
2,0 L/min
daer = 2.4 m
FLOW RATE
12 L/min
AEROSOLS SAMPLES
RECENT SNOW SAMPLES
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
SNOW SAMPLES CORRELATION
Undissolved Particles
and
Dissolved Particles
No
Undissolved Particles (all
sampling site) YES
Dissolved Particles(all
sampling site) YES
STATISTICAL RESULTS
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
SAMPLES CORRELATION
SNOW (undissolved particles)
and
Aerosol (0,5 - 2,4 m)
No
(Base of ‘Morro da Cruz’ Hill)
yes
(Top of ‘Morro da Cruz’ Hille and
Ipanema refuge)
SNOW (dissolved particles)
and
Aerosol (0,5 - 2,4 m)
No
(Base of ‘Morro da Cruz’ Hill)
yes
(Topo do Morro da Cruz e Abrigo
Ipanema
Aerosol (0,5 - 19,9 m) yes
Aerosol (0,5 - 19,9 m)
and
Aerosol (0,5 - 2,4 m)
yes
STATISTICAL RESULTS
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
232Th, 228Th, 238U and 234U
CONCENTRATIONS IN SOLUBLE
FRACTION OF RECENT SNOW
Sampling site
Concentration (Bq/m3)
232Th 228Th 238U 234U
Ipanema 0.85 1.2 <LD <LD
Ezcurra 0.8 1.1 0.96 1.35
Punta Ulmann <LD <LD 1.32 1.45
Base of ‘Morro da
Cruz’Hill 0.7 1.24 1.18 1.42
Top of ‘Morro da
Cruz’Hill 0.75 1.29 1.07 1.5
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico
II SEN– I ISNE
August 13-17
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of
New Mexico