from the solar system to the milky way vivienne parry [email protected]
DESCRIPTION
From the solar system to the Milky Way Vivienne Parry [email protected]. History of Medicine. Ancient methods of diagnosis. Astronomy & Astrology If the patient was a Pisces, doctors were told to avoid cutting the feet. Sacrifice Looking at the shape and position of a sheep’s liver . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
History of Medicine
Ancient Egyptians
Greeks & Romans
The Golden Age
18th Century
Modern Medicine
Ancient methods of diagnosis
Sacrifice• Looking at the shape and position of a
sheep’s liver
Astronomy & Astrology• If the patient was a Pisces, doctors
were told to avoid cutting the feet
Ancient GreeksGODS AS HEALERS HIPPOCRATES 400 B.C
Galen 150 AD
Galen• A Greek in the Roman empire• No dissection of human bodies• Knowledge based on animals• Often wrong• Promoted the idea of humors• Blood letting as a cure
• Founder of modern human anatomy
• “De humani corporis fabrica”• Printed descriptions and
illustrations of human dissections• Openly challenged Galen
Andreas Vesalius 1514 - 1564
Teatro Anatomico, Padua
16th – 19th Centuries
• Harvey, Fallopio, Colombo
•Anatomical knowledge
•Symptom observation but no understanding of cause
•Treatment of symptoms not cause
•Carving out of territory based on organs and body systems
Symptoms vs Causes
• Koch, Theory of Disease• Bacteria - not evil spirits or miasmas -
cause disease• Cholera, Anthrax and TB
The beginning – 1897:Archibald Garrod
• obsessed with urine
•alkaptonuria
• The first to recognise inborn errors of metabolism
•Linked it with work of Mendel
•Ignored
•Identification of specific genes with specific disorders post Second World War – progress halted by eugenics movement
SymptomsCause
s
Genomic medicine
Evolution of Medicine
GenomeEnvironment
Modified from Loscalzo et al Mol Sys Bio 20007;3:124
Genome
Transcriptome
Proteome
Environment
InflammationThrombosisHemorrhage Fibrosis
Immuneresponse
ApoptosisNecrosis
Cellproliferation
Abnormal organ function
Disease with different phenotypesModified from Loscalzo et al Mol Sys Bio 20007;3:124
Metabolome
Rare diseases
• Search for a diagnosis time consuming, expensive heartsink process
• Only 25% have molecular definition
• Where do you start looking?
• The same cause may have many different phenotypes
• No longer looking for single genes
• May be control and regulation that is the problem
• Whole Genome Sequencing
Today
Birth of modern genetics• Genomic healthcare• Refining diagnosis from not just observation
and biochemical tests• Understanding basis of disease• Predicting drug effects• Developing new therapies
