from waste dumping towards circular economy: challenges...

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From waste dumping towards circular economy: Challenges and Opportunities

IFAT, München, Germany, May 14th 2018Johannes Paul, PhD

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Agenda

1. GIZ-Portfolio in Waste Management

2. Waste Management and Circular Economy

3. Challenges and Opportunities

4. Outlook, ISWM enhancement & financing options

Apresentador

Notas de apresentação

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• Based at GIZ headquarters in Eschborn, Germany

• Policy advice to the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) on circular economy and waste related issues

• Conceptual work to support bilateral and regional cooperation projects on:

Climate-friendly and resource-efficient solid waste management

Marine litter prevention

E-waste management

• Knowledge exchange: organization of events; compilation of studies, presentations; networking with IGOs, NGOs, research institutes, private sector

Sector Project „Concepts for sustainable waste management and circular economy“

Apresentador


Introduction to our advisory project ‚concepts for sustainable waste management and circular economy‘.

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Main focusPartial focus

GIZ Portfolio Waste Management and Circular Economy

Bilateral and regional projects with activities in solid waste management – ranging from individual studies to areas of main focus

Diese kartografische Darstellung dient nur dem informativen Zweck und beinhaltet keine völkerrechtliche Anerkennung von Grenzen und Gebieten. Die GIZ übernimmt keinerlei Gewähr für die Aktualität, Korrektheit oder Vollständigkeit des bereitgestellten Kartenmaterials. Jegliche Haftung für Schäden, die direkt oder indirekt aus der Benutzung entstehen, wird ausgeschlossen.

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Supporting municipal waste management in four governorates and national framework Advice to solid waste management units and SWM

planning on municipal level in Kafr El Sheikh, Gharbeya, Assiut and Qena

Setting up and advising a national SWM authority Advice for elaboration of national waste policy An annual forum underpins and promotes networking

between actors, an internet platform provides information.

Operator models for collecting and recycling of waste are currently being piloted in the governorates.

Alternative financing models for waste management are being examined, for example Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR).

Egypt

National Solid Waste Management Programme (NSWMP)

Ministry of Environment Egypt

09/2012–12/2018

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Improving the management of secondary raw materials in the automobile and construction industry Development and recommendation for the recycling of

used cars as well as for the utilisation of secondary raw materials from and for the construction industry

Setting up and supporting the Indian Resource Panel Development of a political framework to foster

resource efficiency and use of secondary raw materials in India

India

Resource efficiency and secondary raw materials management as a contribution to climate change mitigation

Ministry of Environment,

Forests & Climate Change

05/2014–06/2017

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Initiatives towards circular economy in Europe and G20

• EU: circular economy package tackling waste management, but also eco-design, development of new strategy on plastics etc.

• G20 action plan on marine litter and G20 resource efficiency partnership

• EU Plastic Strategy (January 2018)

• Industry initiatives:

• Ellen MacArthur Foundation “New Plastics Economy” with World Economic Forum, CE 100 Programme, “circular cities network”

• WBCSD “CEO guide to the circular economy”

• WEF – PACE (Platfrom for accelerating Circular Economy)

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Regeneration

‘Outline of a circular economy‘

Source: Ellen MacArthur Foundation (2016)New Plastics Economy

Renewables flow management Stock management

Apresentador


“The circular economy is an industrial system that is restorative and regenerative by design. It rests on three main principles: preserving and enhancing natural capital, optimising resource yields, and fostering system effectiveness […]. Multiple research efforts and the identification of best-practice examples have shown that a transition towards the circular economy can bring about the lasting benefits of a more innovative, resilient, and productive economy. For example, the 2015 study Growth Within: A Circular Economy Vision for a Competitive Europe estimated that a shift to the circular economy development path in just three core areas — mobility, food and built environment — would generate annual total benefits for Europe of around EUR 1.8 trillion (USD 2.0 trillion).” (Quote to this figure from: Ellen MacArthur Foundation 2016)

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Primary resource extraction

Design/Production

Consumption/Use

Integrated Waste Management

Secondary resources(Primary resource substitution)

Circular Economy

Distribution

Decouplingenvironmental degradation from economical growth

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Key challenges: Increase of SW generation outpaces efforts

Source: UNEP (2015)

Apresentador



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Key challenges: Waste composition impacts SWM systems

Source: UNEP (2011)

Apresentador



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Key Challenges: Growing Waste Amounts

• Global waste: ~2 billion t of municipal solid waste per year (UNEP/ISWA, 2015)

• Plastic production: 322 million t in 2015 (PlasticsEurope, 2016)

• ~30-40% of plastics production is used for single-use items, e.g. packaging (UNEP/GRID, 2016)

• Drivers: economic growth, urbanization, changing production and consumption patterns

Source: UNEP, GRID (2016) Marine Litter Vital Graphics

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Primary resource extraction

Design/Production

Consumption/Use


Secondary resources(Primary resource substitution)

Circular Economy

Distribution

Decouplingenvironmental degradation from economical growth

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Secondary Resources

Recycling & recovery Composting

Co-processing Anaerobic digestion

A B C

MBT

Incineration Gasification & pyrolysis

Energy Recovery

Residues Open dumping & burning

Landfilling

Consumption / Use


Littering, Unmangaged?

Opportunity

Opportunity

Waste treatment

Opportunities Challenge

ChallengeResidual waste management

Challenge

Waste segregation

Secondary Resources

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Key challenges: Public participation & waste collection / segregation waste collection efficiency low, mostly

unsegregated wrong household practises, e.g. waste

littering, burning, burying Design of waste collection systems and

colour coding widely scattering Access for waste collection restricted Low refinancing of local SWM services

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Key challenges: Uncontrolled waste disposal

waste is disposed as mixed waste in an uncontrolled manner

Majority of waste is organic matter with potential to generate methane over long time periods

Emissions of waste disposal are not monitored and environmental impacts “tolerated”

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The 3 dimensions of ISWM

Stakeholders Waste generators /

service users Authorities Informal sector Waste dealers Wholesaler Waste

management enterprises and private sector

NGOs

Waste system elements Generation and

Segregation Material flow Collection Transfer / Transport Treatment 4R measures Disposal

Essential aspects Technical Environmental Political / legal Institutional Financial-economic Socio-cultural Educational

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Wasteincineration

Others (Composting, MBA, etc)

© Wolfgang Pfaff-Simoneit, KfW

GHG emissions in end-of-life wastemanagement perspective(treatment and disposal)

Global Warming Potential: 1



CO2

CH4

N2O

Challenges of GHG generation from Waste Sector

Source: GIZ Waste Management Training, 2011

Landfill / dumpsite

Apresentador


IPCC calculations on emissions in the waste sector take into account only end-of-pipe solid waste management strategies. So, potential emissions reductions in the waste sector are assumed to exist predominantly in avoiding methane production from landfills. Collection and flaring of landfill gas can already cut the emissions in half because it leads to CO2 emissions instead of methane emissions. Even more, waste incineration or composting have significantly less global warming potential than landfilling

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Samples of climate mitigation potentials in the waste sector

Source: NDC Factsheet, GIZ 2017

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Secondary Resources



A B C

MBT


Energy Recovery


Landfilling

Consumption / Use



Opportunity

Opportunity

Waste treatment



Challenge

Waste segregation

Secondary Resources

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ECO-Center Site Dev’t. Plan & Layout

Office

Sorting plant “Gravity-MRF”

Windrow compostingFirst SLF unit

Leachate treatment

Eco-Center San Carlos City, Philippines

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ECO-Center Site Dev’t. Plan & Layout

Office

Sorting plant “Gravity-MRF”

Windrow compostingFirst SLF unit

Leachate treatment

Low cost option Eco-Center San Carlos City, Philippines

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The Material Recovery Facility San Carlos uses gravity force

Bio-waste processing 10 tons/dayProcessed non-organic waste 8 tons/day

Apresentador


Erläuterungen: die deutsche EZ kann flexibel auf die Partnerstruktur reagieren: (z.B. Zusammenarbeit der politischen Stiftungen mit Parteien; NRO mit Zivil-Gesellschaft; staatliche Organisationen mit staatlichen Institutionen) Komplementäre Arbeitsteilung (verschiedene Instrumente werden von verschiedenen Organisationen mit spezifischer Expertise angewandt) Zulassung von begrenzter Konkurrenz (die Institutionen müssen sich auch im gemeinnützigen Bereich dem Wettbewerb von Ideen und Durchführungsformen innerhalb eines einheitlichen politischen Orientierungsrahmens stellen) weil Entwicklungspolitik damit eine breite Verankerung und Legitimation in der eigenen Gesellschaft erfährt

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Final Segregation of “non-bio” at the MRF

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Effectiveness of Eco-Center San Carlos

Total SW collection 2005: 5,475 tons

OrganicResidual

(51%)

(43%)

SpecialRecyclable (5%)(1%)

Organic

(65.2%)

Plastic(12.7%)

Diapers, Napkins

(6.3%)

Metals

(1.8%)

Paper(4.2%)

Fines(5%)

Textiles, Leather,(2.8%)

Glass (1%)

Total SW collection 2010: 6,586 tonsBiowaste disposed 2005: 3,570 tons Biowaste recovered 2010: 3,395 tonsNon-organic recycled 2005: 345 tons (6.3%) Non-organic recycled 2010: 329 tons (5%)

(in% of 15 tons/day)( in % of 17 tons/day)

(composted)

(disposed)

2005 at Dumpsite 2010 at Eco Center

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Assessment of GHG emission scenarios San Carlos City

-4.000

-2.000

0

2.000

4.000

6.000

8.000

10.000

2005 2010 AFR Plastic 2015 0

t CO

2_eq

GHG emissions

Debits Credits Net

tons C02-eq /year

2005 2010 2030?

(based on GIZ-KfW Climate Calculator; Giegrich & Vogt, 2009)

Dumpsite 2005

Eco-Center 2010 + AFR recovery

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Secondary Resources



A B C

MBT


Energy Recovery


Landfilling

Consumption / Use



Opportunity

Opportunity

Waste treatment



Challenge

Waste segregation

Secondary Resources

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Trend of biogas application in Germany

Elec

tric

al p

ower

MW

Year

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Kusel, near KaiserslauternRenewables 7,500 t/p.a.Electrical Power 330 kWLocal Heat / Drying

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BioFert, SaalfeldErfurt, 1050 KWCapacity: 18,200 Mg/a

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Secondary Resources



A B C

MBT


Energy Recovery


Landfilling

Consumption / Use



Opportunity

Opportunity

Waste treatment



Challenge

Waste segregation

Secondary Resources

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For more information: www.coprocem.comContact: [email protected]

GTZ – Holcim guidelines from 2006

English

Spanish

French

Russia

Chinese

Czeck

Slovak

Romania

Hungary

Bulgarian

Portuguese

Renewed Strategic Alliance 2018-2020Update of Guideline for Co-processingin 2018 available (event 16.5 at IFAT)

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Countries of (potential) cooperation (Holcim 2006)

MoroccoMexico

Philippines

Chile

China

IndiaEl Salvador

Indonesia

South Africa

Thailand

Colombia

Costa Rica

Brazil

Tests ongoingAgreement signed

Guidelines usedas reference in stakeholder’s

dialogues

EU

Canada

US

Australia

Egypt

Apresentador


The experience in the four pilot countries showed that the benefits of this partnership are Chile – raising awareness Generation of local interests in the AFR technology and on-going discussion about it Improved recognition of Holcim On-going support of authorities through the GTZ connections Mexico – promoted by law Mexico produces more than 11.5 million tonnes of hazardous waste annually (32% of this waste treated properly). A recent law actively promotes co-processing as an environmentally sound waste management option. Morocco – progressing quickly Waste law was passed in May this year Philippines – demonstrating commitment After a ban on incineration a legislative framework allowing co-processing is being drafted Holcim wishes to continue the mutually beneficial partnership with GTZ in the area of waste management, the recycling of construction waste and alternative building materials The second part of our alliance should Position Holcim as a trusted partner offering services in the field of waste management Promote framework conditions for recycling and reuse of construction materials Create new sustainable solutions for construction.

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Common input materials for co-processing in cement kilns

Segregated plastic and packagesfrom municipal waste management?

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Waste reclaimers at the Calahunan MRF Iloilo City

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Co-benefits for the informal sector through AFR recovery

Recovery of sellable materials increased

Working under a “roof” Working in a team Increased work safety and

occupational health Segregation of organic materials

enabled Additional jobs for AFR sorting,

packing Reduction of waste disposal

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Fair jobs forwaste workers

Circulareconomy

Consumption


Resources

Healthy environment&

Sustainable lifestyles

Production

Extend Producer‘sresponsibility

Marine litterprevention

Linear Economy

Resources Production Consumption Disposal Marine litter

Circular Economy to replace „end-of-the-pipe“ systems

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Financing / refinancing of SWM servicesa) National funds b) Budget from user fee’s (collection, disposal)c) Income from material recovery or recyclingd) Development support e) Climate finance

Opportunities from Circular EconomyResources

Switch to renewables Use by-products Resource efficiency Mining sector engages

in secondary raw materials

Production

Life cycle approach Design for longer use Design for repair Design for recycling Process optimization Prepaid collection and

recycling through EPR Producer fee’s Tourism sector fee’s

Consumption

Deposit / refund systems

Awareness raising Eco-labelling “Take back” options Sharing schemes Leasing Green public

procurement

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References

• Ellen MacArthur Foundation (2016) The New Plastics Economy – Rethinking the future of plastics.

• GIZ (2015) Economic instruments in solid waste management.

• Baldé et al. (2015), The global e-waste monitor – 2014, United Nations University, IAS – SCYCLE, Bonn, Germany.

• GIZ (2015) Marine Litter – Causes, impacts, solutions.

• GIZ (2015) Reducing the input of plastic litter into the ocean around Grenada.

• Jambeck et al. (2015) Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean. Science, vol. 347, issue 6223, p. 768-771.

• Ocean Conservancy (2013) Stemming the Tide.

• UNEP, GRID (2016) Marine Litter Vital Graphics.

• UNEP, ISWA (2015) Global Waste Management Outlook.

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GIZ – Flyer ‘Publications’

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Waste-to-Energy Options in Municipal Solid Waste Management

A Guide for Decision Makers in Developing and Emerging Countries

• Understanding WtE as part of integrated waste management system

• Overview on Financial, legal, ecological and institutional requirements which have to be met before WtE is applied, e.g.

• Composition, quantities and calorific value of waste

• Legal framework & environmental requirements for WtE

• Financing the management of MSW

GIZ WtE Decision-Makers Guide June 2017

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Please visit us on Twitter@waste2circular

Thank You!

Dr. Johannes PaulDeutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale ZusammenarbeitDag-Hammerskjöld-Weg 1-565760 Eschborn – GermanyTel: +49 (0) 6196 – 79 12 91Email:[email protected]

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