WASHINGTON — The Obama administration on Monday accused China’s military of mounting attacks on American government computer systems and defense contractors, saying one motive could be to map “military capabilities that could be exploited during a crisis.”

The accusations relayed in the Pentagon’s annual report to Con-gress on Chinese military capabili-ties were remarkable in their direct-ness. Until now the administration had avoided directly accusing both the Chinese government and the People’s Liberation Army of using cyberweapons against the United States in a deliberate, government-developed strategy to steal intel-lectual property and gain strategic advantage.

“In 2012, numerous computer systems around the world, includ-ing those owned by the U.S. govern-ment, continued to be targeted for intrusions, some of which appear to be attributable directly to the Chi-nese government and military,” the nearly 100-page report said.

The report, released Monday, described China’s primary goal as stealing industrial technology, but warned that the same information-gathering could easily be used for “building a picture of U.S. defense networks, logistics, and related military capabilities that could be exploited during a crisis.”

When the United States mounted its cyberattacks on Iran’s nuclear facilities in President Obama’s first term, Obama expressed concern to aides that China and other states might use the American operations to justify their own intrusions.

But the Pentagon report describes a China that has now leapt into the first ranks of cybertechnologies, in-vesting in electronic warfare capa-bilities, searching for ways to blind American satellites and other space assets, and using a combination of electronic and traditional weap-ons systems to gradually push the United States and others behind the second island chain in the Pacific.

DAVID E. SANGER

VIDALIA, Ga. — For years, labor unions and immigrant rights activists have accused large-scale farmers, like those harvesting Vidalia onions here this month, of exploiting Mexican guest workers. Working for hours on end under a punishing sun, the pickers are said to be crowded in-to squalid camps, driven without a break and cheated of wages.

But as Congress weighs immi-gration legislation expected to ex-pand the guest worker program, another group is increasingly crying foul — Americans, mostly black, who live near the farms and say they want the work but cannot get it because it is going to Mexicans. They contend that they are illegally discouraged from ap-plying for work and treated shab-bily by farmers who prefer the foreigners for their malleability.

“They like the Mexicans be-cause they are scared and will do anything they tell them to,” said Sherry Tomason, who worked for seven years in the fields here, then quit. Last month she and other local residents filed a law-suit against a large grower of on-

ions, Stanley Farms, alleging that it mistreated them and paid them less than it paid the Mexicans.

The suit is one of several actions containing similar complaints against farms, including one in Moultrie, Ga., where Americans said they had been fired because of their race and national origin, given less desirable jobs and pro-vided with fewer opportunities than Mexican guest workers. Under a consent decree with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the farm, Southern Valley, agreed to make changes.

With local unemployment about 10 percent and the bureau-cracy for hiring foreigners oner-ous — guest workers have to be imported and housed and require extensive paperwork — it would seem natural for farmers to hire from their own communities.

Farmers say they would like to.“We have tried to fill our labor

locally,” said Brian Stanley, one of the owners of Stanley Farms, which is being sued by Tomason and others. “But we couldn’t get enough workers, and that was hin-dering our growth. So we turned to the guest worker program.”

Lawyers for the local workers say the system is rigged to favor low-cost foreign labor.

“If we need them, why not bring them in and make them legal citizens with real protec-tions?” asked Jim Knoepp of the Southern Poverty Law Center, a nonprofit group that has cam-paigned against the guest worker program. “The answer is because then they wouldn’t keep working in the fields given the conditions of that work. They would do some-thing else.” ETHAN BRONNER

WASHINGTON — The White House insisted Monday it would not be thrown off its cautious ap-proach to Syria, despite Israeli military strikes near Damascus and new questions about the use of chemical weapons in the civil war there. The administration cast doubt on an assertion by a United Nations official that the Syrian rebels, not the government of President Bashar al-Assad, had used the nerve agent sarin. And it backed Israel’s right to strike Syr-ian targets to disrupt shipments of weapons from Iran to the Islamic militant group Hezbollah.

For President Obama, both de-velopments muddied a crisis that is already rife with complexity. But there was little evidence that they did anything to affect what his aides say is a deep reluctance to be drawn further into a conflict that has killed more than 70,000 people.

Despite that reluctance, the

White House is weighing more ro-bust action, including supplying arms to the rebels — in part be-cause of its conclusion that there was a strong likelihood that As-sad’s government has used chem-ical weapons on its citizens. The rationale for that response could be undermined, however, if there was proof that the rebels — some of whom are radical Islamists — had also used such weapons.

Meanwhile, as part of the ad-ministration’s latest attempt to engineer the departure of Assad, Secretary of State John Kerry left on Monday for Russia, where he will meet with President Vladimir V. Putin to try to persuade Russia, Syria’s main patron, to withdraw its support for Assad.

The assertion that there is evi-dence suggesting the rebels have used sarin was made by Carla Del Ponte, a former chief prosecutor for international criminal tribu-nals that investigated Rwanda

and the former Yugoslavia who is now serving on a commission looking into human rights abuses in Syria. But that commission later issued a statement clarify-ing that it had not reached a con-clusion about which side used the gas, and the White House press secretary, Jay Carney, added the administration’s doubts.

“We are highly skeptical of the suggestion that the opposition could have or did use chemical weapons,” Carney said. “We find it highly likely that any chemical weapon use that has taken place in Syria was done by the Assad regime. And that remains our position.”

A senior State Department official told reporters that the United States took Del Ponte’s al-legations seriously, but said of the rebels, “We have no information that they have either the capabil-ity or the intent to deploy or use such weapons.” (NYT)

China’s Military Is Accused by U.S.

In Cyberattacks

White House Sticks to Cautious Path on Syria

Workers Claim Bias in Hiring at Farms

Grant Blankenship for the new York times

the typical wage for a guest worker is about $9 an hour.

F R O M T H E PAG E S O F

Tuesday, May 7, 2013 © 2013 The New york TimesFROM THE PAGES OF

midnight in New York

WASHINGTON — The black hole of North Korea intelligence gathering is getting blacker.

When President Obama and South Korea’s new president,

Park Geun-hye, meet for the first time at the White House on Tuesday,

intelligence officials and outside experts say, they will be work-ing, by necessity, from a deeply incomplete understanding of their common adversary. At a time when the United States has learned to conduct drone strikes with increasing accuracy in Paki-stan, and direct cyberweapons at specific nuclear centrifuges deep under the Iranian desert, its understanding of North Korea’s leadership and weapons systems has actually gotten worse.

The most recent intelligence failures included what adminis-tration officials now acknowledge was the C.I.A.’s initial judgment that the North’s young new lead-er, Kim Jong-un, was probably more interested in economic re-form than in following his father’s and grandfather’s “military first” policy of bolstering the North’s missile and nuclear arsenals, and threatening to use them unless the world came to its door.

At the same time, North Ko-rea’s ability to hide critical facts about its weapons capability has improved.

Nearly three months after the North’s third nuclear test dan-gerously escalated tensions on the Korean Peninsula, the United States remains unable to answer the most crucial question about the blast: whether the country

figured out a way to enrich ura-nium and dramatically speed its nuclear buildup.

The North has managed to contain the telltale gases that would have provided the answer, thwarting American efforts to sniff out the evidence from Air Force sensors flown along the North Korean coast.

Since then, new mobile missile systems have appeared and then been whisked out of the view of spy satellites, leaving their whereabouts, to say nothing of their ability to reach Guam or the West Coast of the United States, uncertain.

American officials said Mon-day that two missiles they once believed the North could launch imminently had been moved from launching sites, perhaps

a sign that for now at least, the North wants to de-escalate.

In a sign of continuing confu-sion, the Defense Intelligence Agency — the Pentagon’s intel-ligence arm — recently declared with “moderate confidence” that the North can now shrink a nuclear warhead to fit onto one of those missiles, only to find its as-sessment disputed, in public, by both Obama and the director of national intelligence.

“We lack uniform agreement on assessing many things in North Korea,” the director, James R. Clapper Jr., recently told Con-gress in a blunt assessment of the disagreements within the intel-ligence world. “Its actual nuclear capabilities are no exception.”

DAVID E. SANGER and CHOE SANG-HUN

DHAKA, Bangladesh — Vio-lence erupted across Bangladesh on Monday as Islamist fundamen-talists demanding passage of an anti-blasphemy law clashed with security forces, leaving a trail of property damage and at least 22 people dead after a second day of unrest.

The skirmishes began Sunday when thousands of Islamic activ-ists staged a march on Dhaka, the capital, followed by speeches and a mass demonstration. The authorities said several hundred shops were vandalized, and lo-cal television channels showed fires in the central part of the city. When protesters refused to leave, security officers unleashed tear gas and fired rubber bullets to drive them out of the capital.

The confrontations escalated on Monday, as a major clash occurred about 15 miles outside the capital in the district of Narayanganj, where photographs show stick-wielding protesters fighting with police of-ficers in riot gear. Bangladeshi news media reported that three security officers were beaten to death while a dozen other people were killed, including protesters shot by the police. Traffic was halt-ed for at least eight hours on one of the country’s most important highways, connecting Dhaka with the southern port of Chittagong.

“They put trees and bricks and many other things on the road,” said S. M. Ashrafuzzaman, a police official in Narayanganj. “When police went to clear the road, they attacked police.” JIM YARDLEY

and JULFIKAR ALI MANIK

Iran Warns Rebels in SyriaIran’s Shiite leaders warned of regional

sectarian conflict after reports that Syr-ian rebels raided a Shiite shrine in a suburb of Damascus last week, destroying the site and making off with the remains of the re-vered Shiite figure buried there. It was im-possible to independently verify the report, which appeared on a Facebook page on April 28. (NYT)

Former Italian Premier DiesGiulio Andreotti, a seven-time prime min-

ister of Italy with a résumé of signal accom-plishments and checkered failings that reads like a history of the republic, died on Mon-

day. He was 94 and lived in Rome. Andreotti had been at the center of Italy’s postwar po-litical order until its collapse in 1992, emerg-ing at the close of World War II as a close aide to Alcide De Gasperi, a founding father of the Italian republic. (NYT)

New Commander OptimisticUnder Gen. Joseph F. Dunford Jr., the

new commander of international forces in Afghanistan, the American-led military co-alition is no longer aiming to change Af-ghanistan. Its focus now is on a far more narrow goal: readying Afghan forces to withstand the Taliban regardless of the country’s looming political and economic troubles. The rest, he said in his first inter-

view since assuming command in Febru-ary, is up to the Afghans. (NYT)

Rally Against New TrialsThousands of people turned out Monday

for a protest in Moscow that was intended to draw attention to what organizers said was the return of political prosecutions in the Russian courts. The rally was timed to coin-cide with the anniversary of a riot in Bolot-naya Square last year that was followed by mass arrests and prosecutions. The prosecu-tions are known collectively as the Bolotna-ya case. Organizers said nearly 30,000 people attended the rally on Monday, but Interfax, a Russian news agency, said that turnout was closer to 8,000. (NYT)

Intelligence on North Korea Remains ElusiveAnti-Blasphemy Unrest Escalates

In Brief

News Analysis

DaviD GuttenfelDer/associateD press

north korea’s ability to hide facts about its weapons capability has vastly improved. soldiers tour the kumsusan palace of the sun, the mausoleum of kim il-sung and kim Jong-il.

INTeRNATIONAl Tuesday, May 7, 2013 2

WASHINGTON — As the ad-ministration struggles to put in place the final, complex piece of President Obama’s signature health care law — an endeavor on a scale not seen since Medicare’s creation nearly a half-century ago — Democrats are worried about major snags in the face of Republi-can plans to use the law as a weap-on in the midterm elections.

A number of health insurance changes have already taken place, but this fall is the deadline for introducing the law’s core fea-ture: the insurance marketplaces, known as exchanges, where mil-lions of uninsured Americans can buy coverage.

Obama is returning to the fray to an extent unseen since he signed the law in 2010, including a White House event on Friday to promote the law’s benefits for women. Still, some Democrats want a more vis-ible president.

For the third time, Republicans are trying to make the law per-haps the biggest issue of the elec-

tions, and are preparing to exploit every problem and complaint that arises. After unsuccessful efforts to repeal the law, the Republican-led House plans another vote soon. And Republican governors or legislatures in many states are balking at participating.

“There are very few issues that are as personal and as tangible as health care, and the implementa-tion of the law over the next year is going to reveal a lot of kinks, a lot of red tape, a lot of taxes, a lot of price increases and a lot of people forced into health care that they didn’t anticipate,” said Brad Day-spring, communications direc-tor for the Republican Senatorial Campaign Committee.

In 2010, a conservative back-lash against the new law helped Republicans take control of the House. But last year Obama was re-elected and Democrats gained seats in Congress.

Democrats are worried about 2014 — a president’s party typi-cally loses seats in midterm years

— and some have gone public with concerns about the pace of carry-ing out the law. Sen. Harry Reid of Nevada, the majority leader, last week said that he agreed with a recent comment by Sen. Max Baucus of Montana, a Democratic architect of the law, who said “a train wreck” could occur this fall if preparations fell short.

The White House has allayed some worries, with briefings for Democrats about their public ed-ucation plans, including Power-Point presentations that show areas with target populations.

“There’s clearly some concern” among Democrats “that their con-stituents don’t yet have all facts on how it will work, and that Repub-licans are filling that vacuum with partisan talking points,” said Rep. Steve Israel of New York, head of House Democrats’ campaign committee. “And the administra-tion must use every tool they have to get around the obstructions, and make it work.”

JACKIE CALMES

Weeks before the long-awaited publication of a new edition of the so-called bible of mental dis-orders, the federal government’s most prominent psychiatric ex-pert has said the manual suffers from a scientific “lack of validity.”

Dr. Thomas Insel, director of the National Institute of Mental Health, said in an interview Mon-day that his goal is to reshape psy-chiatric research to focus on biol-ogy, genetics and neuroscience so that scientists can ultimately define disorders by their causes, rather than their symptoms.

While The Diagnostic and Sta-tistical Manual or D.S.M. is the best tool available for clinicians

treating patients and shouldn’t be tossed out, he said, it doesn’t re-flect the complexity of many dis-orders and its way of categorizing mental illnesses should not guide research. “As long as the research community takes the D.S.M. to be a bible, we’ll never make prog-ress,” Insel said.

The current revision of the D.S.M., the first since 1994, has stirred unprecedented question-ing from the public, patient groups and senior figures in psychiatry who have challenged not only de-cisions about specific diagnoses but also the scientific basis of the enterprise.

Decades of spending on neu-

roscience have taught scientists mostly what they don’t know. Genetic glitches that appear to increase the risk of schizophrenia in one person seem to predispose others to autism-like symptoms. The mechanisms of the field’s most commonly used drugs — antidepressants like Prozac, and anti-psychosis medications like Zyprexa — have revealed nothing about the causes of the disorders.

Insel is one of a growing num-ber of scientists who think that the field needs a new paradigm for understanding mental disorders, though neither he nor anyone else knows what it will look like.

(NYT)

BOSTON — Even some of the worst criminals are claimed at their death by someone and given a proper burial.

Adam Lanza, who killed 26 peo-ple, including 20 children, in the shooting rampage in Newtown, Conn., last year before shoot-ing himself, was claimed by his father for a private burial at an undisclosed location. Albert De Salvo, the Boston Strangler who was linked to several murders

and rapes in the 1960s, was bur-ied in Peabody, Mass., after being stabbed to death in prison.

But Tamerlan Tsarnaev, a suspect in the Boston Marathon bombings, who was killed more than two weeks ago after a shoot-out with police and after his broth-er, another suspect, drove over him with a car as he fled the scene, remains above ground.

His body was claimed a few days ago by an estranged uncle who

had little love for Tsarnaev but who believes he deserves a proper burial. “A dead person needs to be buried,” Ruslan Tsarni said.

But on Monday still no cem-etery could be found to receive him. And officials spent the day tossing around responsibility for his burial like a hot potato.

Gov. Deval Patrick of Massa-chusetts said that burying him was not up to the government but up to the family. (NYT)

Senate Passes Bill On Internet Sales Tax

A bipartisan coalition in the Senate easily passed legisla-tion on Monday to force Inter-net retailers to collect sales taxes for state and local gov-ernments, sending the issue to the House, where antitax forc-es have vowed to kill it. But the vote of 69 to 27 in the Sen-ate will give the measure sig-nificant momentum. Hundreds of retailers are flying to Wash-ington this week to pressure House lawmakers and counter the arguments of small-govern-ment groups, including Grover Norquist’s Americans for Tax Reform, which wields great in-fluence in the House. (NYT)

Burned limo Carried An extra Passenger

The limousine that burst into flames Saturday night on the San Mateo Bridge in San Fran-cisco, killing five female passen-gers on their way to a wedding shower, was carrying more peo-ple than was authorized, the au-thorities said, adding that they did not know if this had contrib-uted to the deadly outcome. The Lincoln Town Car stretch lim-ousine was authorized to carry no more than eight passengers, Officer Art Montiel, a spokes-man for the California Highway Patrol, said Monday. Nine were in the vehicle that night, plus a driver. (NYT)

Teacher Salaries Took A Hit In Recession

During the recession and its aftermath, public schools took a hit as both state coffers and local property taxes shriveled. That showed up in shrinking employment, but also in teach-er salaries. According to a new report being released Tuesday, the vast majority of teachers in the nation’s largest school dis-tricts took a pay cut or had their pay frozen at least one year be-tween 2008 and 2012. The re-port by the National Council on Teacher Quality, a nonprofit group that advocates for tough-er teacher standards, looked at salary data across 41 of the country’s 50 largest school dis-tricts. (NYT)

G.O.P. Readying New Offensive on Health Care

Psychiatry’s New Guide Falls Short, Experts Say

Marathon Suspect’s Body Ready for Burial. But Where?

In Brief

NATIONAl Tuesday, May 7, 2013 3

Newspapers have digital sub-scriptions. Record labels have iTunes and Spotify. And YouTube is about to have special program-ming for paying customers.

Later this week YouTube, the world’s largest video Web site, will announce a plan to let some video makers charge a monthly subscription to their channels. There will be paid channels for children’s programming, enter-tainment, music and many other topic areas, according to people with knowledge of the plan, who spoke on condition of anonymity because they had been asked by YouTube not to comment publicly yet. Some of the channels — there will be several dozen at the out-set — will cost as little as $1.99 a month.

If the subscription option catches on, it could herald a huge

change for the online video indus-try, which has subsisted almost entirely on advertising revenue. It could give producers of Web video series it could provide a second source of revenue, analo-gous in some ways to the flexible pay walls that some newspapers and magazines have adopted. It could also put more pressure on the cable television industry, which is fighting off fresh compe-tition from the Web.

For now, though, it’s just a test, intended in part to mollify some of the most popular contributors to the sprawling Web site. The overwhelming majority of vid-eos on YouTube, a unit of Google, will remain free. But some home-grown YouTube stars, start-ups and major media companies have been frustrated by what they see as relatively low amounts of rev-

enue coming from the ads that YouTube attaches to their videos. By enabling the subscription option, YouTube is giving them another way to profit from their work — if their fans are willing to pay to watch.

Some of YouTube’s partners planned to start promoting their paid channels on Thurs-day, though the announcement could come sooner. YouTube will process the payments through Google Wallet, the same system that Google’s app store uses.

For YouTube, at least, adver-tising will remain the basis of its business. The company was esti-mated to take in $1.3 billion in ad revenues last year, and that num-ber could climb to $2 billion this year, according to a recent report by Pivotal Research.

BRIAN STELTER

TAIPEI, Taiwan — Terry Gou did almost everything that Apple could ask for. He made all those iPhones — and he made them cheap. When Apple was subse-quently criticized for low wages and poor working conditions at his factories in China, it was Gou’s company, the Foxconn Technol-ogy Group, and not Apple, that caught the most heat.

But now Foxconn, a potent symbol of the perks and perils of globalization, is taking a step that, not all that long ago, would have seemed unthinkable: it is con-templating life beyond Apple.

Foxconn, which is based here but does most of its manufactur-ing in mainland China, wants to reduce its reliance on Apple. Its new strategy is a shift away from

making products that other com-panies design, and toward devel-oping products of its own, with an especially aggressive push into designing and manufacturing large, flat-screen televisions.

“Foxconn senses that the Apple aura isn’t as invincible as before,” said Jamie Wang, an analyst at the research firm Gartner. “So they are worried that they need some-thing besides Apple’s business that will allow them to grow.”

As the biggest contract manu-facturer for American electron-ics companies like Apple, Dell, Hewlett-Packard and Amazon, Foxconn has been faced with la-bor unrest, worker suicides, in-dustrial accidents and complaints about working conditions and la-bor practices. It has been working

with many of its client companies to improve conditions, raise pay and improve labor standards.

Last month, Foxconn reported that first-quarter revenue was dragged down 19.2 percent com-pared with the same period last year because of declining iPhone and iPad orders from its main customer, Apple.

Analysts say Gou’s efforts to buy an LCD factory and integrate his TV manufacturing represent anticipation that orders for an Ap-ple television product will come his way. “Their gamble now is if Apple will put out a TV, and they should know better than anyone else in the world,” said Thompson Wu, an analyst at Credit Suisse. “They’re making a bet that it’ll work.” LIN YANG

New York’s top prosecutor plans to sue two mortgage titans, Bank of America and Wells Fargo, over claims that they breached the terms of a multibillion-dollar settlement intended to end fore-closure abuses.

On Monday, Eric T. Schneider-man, New York’s attorney gen-eral and top prosecutor, said that the lenders violated the terms of the National Mortgage Settle-ment, a sweeping $26 billion pact brokered last year between five of the nation’s biggest banks and

49 state attorneys general. The agreement came amid a national outcry over potentially wide-spread foreclosure abuses like shoddy paperwork, erroneous fees and wrongful evictions.

Schneiderman says that Bank of America and Wells Fargo did not follow guidelines dictating how the banks field and process requests from homeowners try-ing to modify their mortgages.

Under the terms of the settle-ment, banks have to abide by 304 servicing standards, like

notifying homeowners of miss-ing documents within five days of receiving a loan modification and providing borrowers with a single point of contact.

“Wells Fargo and Bank of America have flagrantly vio-lated those obligations, putting hundreds of homeowners across New York at greater risk of fore-closure,” Schneiderman said. Since October 2012, his office has documented 210 violations involv-ing Wells Fargo and 129 involving Bank of America. (NYT)

YouTube Is Said to Plan Subscription Option

Foxconn Is Taking Steps to Move Beyond iPhone

2 Big Banks Face Lawsuits in Mortgage Pact Abuses

ONlINe: MORe PRICeS AND ANAlYSIS

Information on all United States stocks, plus bonds, mu-

tual funds, commodities and for-eign stocks along with analysis of industry sectors and stock indexes: nytimes.com/markets

COMMODITIeS/BONDS

GOLD

U 3.80

$1,468.10

10-YR. TREAS. YIELD

0.02 0.55U

1.76% $96.16

CRUDE OIL

U

the MArketS

14,968.89

12,453.92

5.07 0.03%

DJIA

D

Market holiday

FTSE 100

Market holiday

NIKKEI 225

15.89 0.13%

TSX

U

14.34 0.42%

NASDAQ

3,392.97

U

10.21 0.13%

DAX

8,112.08

D

225.13 0.99%

58.20 0.10%

HANG SENG

BOVESPA

22,915.09

55,429.88

U

D

3.08 0.19%

S&P 500

1,617.50

U

5.91 0.15%

CAC 40

3,907.04

D

25.67 1.16%

SHANGHAI

2,231.17U

404.08 0.95%

BOLSA

42,197.99D

eUROPe

ASIA/PACIFIC

AMeRICAS

BRITAIN

JAPAN

CANADA

GERMANY

HONG KONG

BRAZIL

FRANCE

CHINA

MEXICO

FOREIGN EXCHANGE Fgn.currency Dollarsin inDollars fgn.currency

Australia (Dollar) 1.0249 .9757Bahrain (Dinar) 2.6526 .3770Brazil (Real) .4977 2.0093Britain (Pound) 1.5541 .6435Canada (Dollar) .9933 1.0067China (Yuan) .1622 6.1665Denmark (Krone) .1755 5.6979Dom. Rep. (Peso) .0244 40.9000Egypt (Pound) .1441 6.9414Europe (Euro) 1.3073 .7649Hong Kong (Dollar) .1289 7.7592Japan (Yen) .0101 99.3300Mexico (Peso) .0826 12.1056Norway (Krone) .1714 5.8339Singapore (Dollar) .8125 1.2307So. Africa (Rand) .1117 8.9490So. Korea (Won) .0009 1094.6Sweden (Krona) .1528 6.5458Switzerland (Franc) 1.0659 .9382

Source: Thomson Reuters

BUSINeSS Tuesday, May 7, 2013 4

SAN FRANCISCO — Google’s wearable computer, the most anticipated piece of electronic wizardry since the iPad and iP-hone, will not go on sale for many months.

But the resistance is already under way.

The glasseslike device, which allows users to access the Inter-net, take photos and film short snippets, has been pre-emptively banned by a Seattle bar. Large parts of Las Vegas will not wel-come wearers. West Virginia leg-islators tried to make it illegal to use the gadget, known as Google Glass, while driving.

“This is just the beginning,” said Timothy Toohey, a Los Ange-les lawyer specializing in privacy issues. “Google Glass is going to cause quite a brawl.”

As personal technology be-comes increasingly nimble and invisible, Glass is prompting questions of whether it will dis-tract drivers, upend relationships and strip people of what little pri-vacy they still have in public.

A pair of lens-less frames with a tiny computer attached to the right earpiece, Glass is promoted

by Google as “seam-less and empower-ing.” It will have the ability to capture any chance encoun-ter, from a celeb-rity sighting to a grumpy salesclerk, and broadcast it to millions in seconds.

“We are all now going to be both the paparazzi and the paparazzi’s tar-get,” said Karen L. Stevenson, a law-yer with Buchalter Nemer in Los An-geles.

Google stresses that Glass is a work in progress, with test ver-sions now being released to 2,000 developers. Another 8,000 “ex-plorers,” people picked by Google, will soon get a pair.

Among the safeguards to make it less intrusive: you have to speak or touch it to activate it, and you have to look at someone to take a photograph or video of them.

“We are thinking very carefully about how we design Glass be-

cause new technol-ogy always raises new issues,” said Courtney Hohne, a Google spokes-woman.

Developers, how-ever, are already cracking the limits of what Glass can do. One created a small sensation in

tech circles last week with a pro-gram that eliminated the need for gestures or voice commands. To snap a picture, all the user needs to do is wink.

Thad Starner, a pioneer of wear-able computing who is a technical adviser to the Glass team, thinks concerns about disruption are overblown. “Asocial people will be able to find a way to do asocial things with this technology, but on average people like to main-tain the social contract,” Starner said. DAVID STREITFELD

Pfizer has taken the unusual step of selling its erectile dys-function drug, Viagra, to consum-ers on its Web site, in an effort to establish a presence in the huge online market for the popular blue pill, considered to be one of the most counterfeited drugs in the world.

Pfizer said Viagra brought in more than $2 billion in sales in 2012, but some experts estimate Pfizer could be losing hundreds of millions of dollars a year to online pharmacies that cater to men too embarrassed to buy the drug through traditional means. In an arrangement with CVS/pharmacy, patients in the United States with a valid prescription for Viagra are able to fill their or-ders through the Web site, where the phrase “Buy Real Viagra” is featured prominently. Patients will still need to visit a doctor, but they will be spared the additional trip to the pharmacy counter.

If Pfizer’s move is successful, more drug makers could follow suit, especially for other prod-ucts that treat conditions carry-ing social stigmas. “This could

be the prelude to a vast number of products, which are extremely important medically, being sold online,” said Roger Bate, a resi-dent scholar at the American En-terprise Institute and an expert in counterfeit drugs.

But others cautioned against such predictions, saying that Viagra might be particularly well suited to online sales because of its brand recognition and the widespread competition from counterfeiters.

Victor Clavelli, a marketing ex-ecutive at Pfizer, said Viagra ap-pears in about 24 million Internet searches a year, often in phrases such as “buy Viagra” — well above the approximately 8 mil-lion Viagra prescriptions written in the United States last year, ac-cording to the research firm IMS Health. “A lot of those patients get diverted into an illegal counterfeit market,” Clavelli said.

Not all medicines purchased through online pharmacies are fake, however — many pharma-cies, based both in the United States and abroad, require a pre-scription and sell valid versions

of drugs. Importing drugs from other countries is technically il-legal, although the federal gov-ernment generally does not pros-ecute individuals who purchase medicines in small amounts for their own use. The problem, Bat said, is that it is difficult for con-sumers to evaluate the legitimate pharmacies from the illicit ones. He noted that some cash-paying customers may balk at the pur-chase price. The wholesale list price for Viagra is about $22 a pill, while many online pharmacies sell it for about $10.

Some industry analysts saw Pfizer’s move as part of a con-tinuing effort to bypass insurance companies that can be reluctant to pay for so-called “lifestyle” drugs, or force consumers to pay hefty copayments.

The company said about 90 per-cent of privately insured patients in the United States receive cover-age for Viagra, and co-payments can range from $29 to $49.

Customers who buy Viagra through the Pfizer Web site get three free pills in their first pre-scription. KATIE THOMAS

Google Glass Picks Up an Early Signal: Keep Out

Pfizer Is Turning to the Internet to Sell Viagra

Stocks that moved substantially or traded heavily Monday:

Tyson Foods Inc., down 83 cents at $24.10. The meat company said its second-quarter net income fell 42 per-cent and cut its full-year forecast.

Bridgepoint Education Inc., down 18 cents at $10.83. The for-profit college operator said its first-quarter net in-come dropped 29 percent as student enrollments continued to fall.

Westlake Chemical Corp., up $6.49 at $88.94. The company’s net income rose 40 percent thanks to strong in-come from its olefins and vinyls units.

WellCare Health Plans Inc., down 88 cents at $56.38. Shares of the Medic-aid and Medicare provider fell after re-porting last week that its first-quarter net income declined 58 percent.

Humana Inc., up $1.56 at $75.49. A J.P. Morgan analyst upgraded the in-surer’s stock rating, saying it should be able to grow its Medicare Advantage enrollment.

Google Inc., up $15.83 at $861.55. The Internet search company’s stock is up over 20 percent since the start of the year.

Tesco Corp., down 69 cents at $12.02. The oil and natural gas drilling service provider’s first-quarter net income fell 39 percent. (aP)

Stocks on the Move

Google Glass users can access the internet and take photos.

DaviD walter Banks for the new York times

Most Active, GAiners And Losers % VolumeStock(TICKER) Close Chg Chg (100)

10MoSTACTIVEBank of Am (BAC) 12.88 +0.64 +5.2 2624747MBIA Inc (MBI) 14.29 +4.46 +45.4 672778Ford Motor (F) 14.09 +0.26 +1.9 536717Advanced M (AMD) 3.61 +0.01 +0.3 512698Sirius XM (SIRI) 3.39 +0.04 +1.0 498165Facebook I (FB) 27.57 ◊0.74 ◊2.6 438155Microsoft (MSFT) 33.75 +0.26 +0.8 409756BMC Softwa (BMC) 45.42 0.00 0.0 341394Pfizer Inc (PFE) 28.72 ◊0.24 ◊0.8 330285Cisco Syst (CSCO) 20.81 ◊0.02 ◊0.1 313137

10TopGAInERS

MBIA Inc (MBI) 14.29 +4.46 +45.4 672778YRC Worldw (YRCW) 15.44 +4.49 +41.0 25885Arkansas B (ABFS) 14.73 +4.18 +39.6 43832First Secu (FSGI) 5.24 +1.18 +29.1 659ALCO Store (ALCS) 9.44 +1.54 +19.5 284iCAD Inc (ICAD) 6.05 +0.83 +15.9 1152PHI Inc (PHIIK) 33.56 +4.44 +15.2 687PHI Inc (PHII) 32.40 +4.18 +14.8 43Mobile Min (MINI) 33.00 +4.01 +13.8 11767Stein Mart (SMRT) 9.72 +1.13 +13.2 4665

10TopLoSERS

Spherix In (SPEX) 8.10 ◊1.17 ◊12.6 68Tower Inte (TOWR) 17.80 ◊2.26 ◊11.3 3043Geospace T (GEOS) 83.92 ◊8.25 ◊9.0 3941SCG Financ (RMGN) 15.43 ◊1.42 ◊8.4 68Groupon In (GRPN) 5.46 ◊0.38 ◊6.5 305430Tredegar C (TG) 25.97 ◊1.79 ◊6.4 4560FNB United (FNBN) 6.00 ◊0.41 ◊6.4 362LinnCo LLC (LNCO) 39.24 ◊2.60 ◊6.2 41561Omega Prot (OME) 8.78 ◊0.56 ◊6.0 1195InterGroup (INTG) 21.76 ◊1.34 ◊5.8 34

% VolumeStock(TICKER) Close Chg Chg (100)

% VolumeStock(TICKER) Close Chg Chg (100)

Source: Thomson Reuters

BUSINeSS Tuesday, May 7, 2013 5

MONTE VISTA NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE, Colo. — An electric whir filled the air of this high desert valley as Jeff Sloan, a cartographer for the U.S. Geo-logical Survey, hurled a small re-mote-controlled airplane into the sky. The plane, a four-and-a-half-pound AeroVironment Raven, dipped; then its plastic propeller whined and pulled it into the sky.

There, at an altitude of 400 feet, the Raven skimmed back and forth, taking thousands of high-resolution photographs over a wetland teeming with ducks, geese and sandhill cranes.

The Raven looks like one of those radio-controlled planes be-loved of hobbyists. But its sophis-ticated video uplink and computer controls give it away as a small unmanned aerial system, better known as a drone. Drone technol-ogy, which has become a staple of military operations, is now draw-ing scientists with its ability to provide cheaper, safer and more accurate and detailed assess-ments of the natural world.

“This is really cutting edge for us,” said Jim Dubovsky, a migra-tory-bird biologist with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, which is responsible for the health of more than a thousand bird species.

Designed to monitor enemy positions from afar, the early Ra-vens, which cost $250,000 per sys-

tem, were slated for destruction when an Army colonel thought they might be better used for sci-entific research and were donated to the Geological Survey. They were retrofitted for civilian life with new cameras and other gaug-es. Their first noncombat mission was counting sandhill cranes.

Traditionally, species counts are done by a biologist flying in a small plane or a helicopter. While many missions will still require the range of those craft and the experienced eyes of a scientist, drones offer many advantages, in-cluding the ability to fly very close without scaring animals.

“I think I’m the only electrical engineer who’s ever applied for a marine mammal harassment per-mit,” Gregory Walker, director of the Alaska Center for Unmanned Aircraft Systems Integration at the University of Alaska, Fair-banks, said, referring to a federal permit necessary for close study of the animals. He has used drones to gather images of seals and sea lions that might have slipped un-derwater as a full-size plane or helicopter approached.

Though such mammals are less startled by drones than by air-planes, birds require a more cau-tious approach. In 2010, when re-searchers first tried out the Raven, no one knew what to expect; there were even worries that the birds

might fly into the drone. While that did not happen, the cranes promptly scattered, perhaps mis-taking it for a predatory eagle.

But then the scientists changed their approach. Sandhill cranes settle in the wetlands each eve-ning and rarely move until morn-ing, making them an easy target for a drone with a thermal imag-ing camera. Video of the birds ap-peared as “a bunch of rice grains on a piece of paper, a dark piece of paper,” Dubovsky said. A com-plete count, which was conducted in an evening, proved to be as ac-curate as manned flight counts.

Since that flight, drones have scanned Idaho’s backcountry for pygmy rabbits; been battered by trade winds and rain in Hawaii while monitoring fencing protect-ing rare plant species; and gauged the restoration of the recently un-dammed Elwha River in north-west Washington.

Phillip A. Groves, a fisheries biologist with Idaho Power, which operates dams on the Snake River sees drones as a safer alternative to manned flights. He said he had steered his drones into canyons with 40-mile-an-hour gusts — enough to abort a manned helicop-ter mission. The device struggled but flew, and no one’s life was put in danger. And that margin of safe-ty, Groves said, is “priceless.”

SEAN PATRICK FARRELL

A large new study confirms that sticking to the Mediterranean di-et — fish, poultry, vegetables and fruit, with minimal dairy foods and meat — may be good for the brain.

Researchers prospectively followed 17,478 mentally healthy men and women 45 and older, gathering data on diet from food questionnaires and testing mental function with a well-validated six-item screening tool. They ranked the subjects’ adherence to the Mediterranean diet on a 10-point scale, dividing the group into low adherence and high adherence. The study was published April 30 in the journal Neurology.

During a four-year follow-up, 1,248 people became cognitively impaired. But those with high ad-herence to the diet were 19 percent less likely to be among them. This association persisted even after the researchers controlled for almost two dozen demographic, environmental and vascular risk factors, and held true for both African-American and white subjects.

The study included 2,913 people with Type 2 diabetes, but for them adherence to the diet had no effect on the likelihood of experiencing cognitive impairment.

The lead author, Dr. Georgios Tsivgoulis, an assistant professor of neurology at the University of Athens, said that this was the larg-est study of its kind.

The Mediterranean diet, he added, “has many benefits — cardiovascular, cancer risk, anti-inflammatory, central nervous system. We’re on the tip of the iceberg, and trying to understand what is below.”

NICHOLAS BAKALAR

Boneworms are gutless and mouthless, but somehow they live off the carcasses of whales. Now researchers say that the worms produce and secrete an acid that can dissolve bone.

“Trapped inside is collagen and lipids, and we think the worms absorb this,” said Martin Tresguerres, a comparative physiologist at the University of California, San Diego, and one of the researchers involved in the study, which appears in The Proceedings of the Roy-al Society B.

Tresguerres and his colleagues discovered that boneworms have enzymes called proton pumps on the part of their body that bores into whalebone. These enzymes allow the worm to secrete the acid.

Similar acid-secreting enzymes exist in al-most all organisms.

The researchers now want to learn more about how the worms transport and use the nutrients they retrieve from whalebones.

SINDYA N. BHANOO

Mediterranean Diet’s Benefits For the Brain

Revealing the Secrets of the Boneworm

A Drone’s-Eye View of Nature

sean p. farrell/the new York times

launching a raven drone at the monte vista national wildlife refuge in southern colorado.

chris Gash

SCIeNCe Tuesday, May 7, 2013 6

CAIRO — Every year, Egyptians mark the arrival of spring by flocking to the rare patches of green in this sprawling, crowded megalopolis to celebrate a holiday believed to be passed down from the pharaohs. Called Shem el-Nessim, its Arabic name means liter-ally “smell the breeze.”

That’s not always advisable in the case of the holiday’s traditional dish: a heavily salted, aged fish called feseekh that admirers ac-knowledge smells more like garbage than food.

“It’s terrible!” said Mohammed Shaaban, 54, who lounged with his extended family under a tree in a Cairo park during the holiday on Monday.

“It’s an Egyptian tradition that’s been with

us for 7,000 years,” he said. “We’re used to it.”These are turbulent times for Egypt as its

people deal with recurrent street violence, po-litical polarization and increasing economic distress.

A discussion about whether Muslims were permitted to wish their Christian neighbors a happy holiday on the Coptic Christian Easter this past Sunday, was taken by some as an in-dication of how much society has frayed since the revolution that toppled President Hosni Mubarak more than two years ago.

But those worries were largely set aside on Monday as Egyptians of all classes and religions held picnics, took boat rides on the Nile and celebrated a holiday whose roots

most believe date back to this land’s ancient inhabitants.

They also stood by their fish.“Feseekh is Egyptian, and the ancients

taught us how to make it,” said Maher Dahab, a clothing merchant standing in line at a fish shop downtown. “They built the pyramids and they made feseekh.”

Both the holiday and its stinky meal have proved resistant to attack, despite declara-tions from a few conservative clerics brand-ing Shem el-Nessim a pagan holiday that Muslims are forbidden to celebrate.

Nor have government warnings about the dangers of eating partly rotted fish dried up demand.

Two days before the holiday, the Egyptian Health Ministry released statistics for food poisoning and deaths from bad feseekh in recent years: 49 poisoned and 9 dead in 2007; 26 poisoned and 4 dead in 2008; and more than a dozen poisoned and 2 dead in both 2009 and 2010.

One of Cairo’s most storied feseekh sellers, Abdel-Nabi Shahin, gave a concerted shrug when asked about the warnings.

“There are cheaters who give us a bad image,” he said. The job, he added, requires “cleanliness and vigilance.”

Shahin, 58, is the third-generation owner of the family business, which now has two stores that draw customers from far away seeking fish they can trust.

The process has changed little over the years, Shahin said. He starts with fresh mul-let caught in the Mediterranean, which is washed but left intact, guts and all.

It is packed in salt in wood barrels and left to sit for 45 days. After that, it is good to eat for six months, Shahin said.

Customers waiting in line disputed the idea that feseekh stinks, or at least tried to.

“It’s psychological,” said Mohammed Ab-dullah, 26. “If you smell this smell from a pile of garbage in the street you get grossed out. But if you smell it from feseekh, you don’t.”

BEN HUBBARD

A Taste of Spring That Reeks of Tradition (and More)

ACROSS 1 Scolding,

nagging sort 6 Hence10 The opposition14 John who wrote

“Appointment in Samarra”

15 Invitation sender16 Vagrant17 See

40-/42-Across19 Key of Haydn’s

Symphony No. 12 or 29

20 Refuse21 Word after

sports or training22 Dummy23 Seven-time

All-Star Sammy25 Cop’s target27 The “A” of B.A.31 Latvia neighbor:

Abbr.33 Contemporary of

Gandhi36 Hellmann’s

product, informally

37 Urge strongly39 Quaker cereal

brand40 & 42 Subject of

the poem that contains the line 17-/65-Across

44 N.E.A. concern

45 Depth charge, in slang

47 Collecting a pension: Abbr.

48 Bakery and pharmacy

50 Story that goes on and on

51 It is, in Ibiza52 Flutters, as

eyelashes54 Indecent56 Smart-mouthed58 Down a sub, e.g.60 One of the ABC

islands64 Eastern nurse65 See

40-/42-Across68 Texter’s

disclaimer69 Branch of

engineering: Abbr.

70 Tribe with a lake named after it

71 Colors72 Long hallway

effect73 “This looks bad!”

DOWN 1 First word of

“Blowin’ in the Wind”

2 Cries of discovery

3 Pro ___ 4 Mice, to cats

5 Elaborate stories 6 “___ Crossroads”

(1996 Grammy-winning rap song)

7 Relaxing conclusion to a long, hard day

8 Manipulator 9 Rein, e.g.10 “And ___ off!”11 Read and blew,

for red and blue12 Fortune 500

company founded in 1995

13 Austin Powers’s power

18 Some winter garments

24 Trivial Pursuit wedges, e.g.

26 ___’acte

27 Gather over time

28 Dressing choice

29 Astronomer who coined the word “nova”

30 “___ hear”

32 Show of respect

34 Butler of “Gone With the Wind”

35 Nutritional fig.

38 Fled

41 Bridge position

43 Tick off

46 West Coast engineering institution, informally

49 Pity53 Note

accompanying an F, maybe

55 BBC sci-fi show56 Invoice stamp57 Cousin of a

Golden Globe59 With: Fr.61 “Ain’t gonna

happen!”62 Arctic Ocean

sighting63 Suffix with buck66 Sigma preceder67 Conclusion

ANSWER TO PREVIOUS PUZZLE

PUZZLE BY JEFF CHEN

5/7/13 (No. 0507)

S T E P Y A M S A D Z E SC A F E U N I T W R I S TI D O L M E M E M O T T O

A R O O M W I T H A V I E WE S P Y O N E

M A F I A A G R O M O L DA T F R E R E A D A H O YI W O N T L E T Y O U D O W ND A R E L A G O O N L E ES R T A I R O N A B Y S S

T S O S P A NU C A N T T O U C H T H I SS O F I A S T A R A G H AP A R K S L A M E I H O PS L O S H O H O K S T O P

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

14 15 16

17 18 19

20 21 22

23 24 25 26

27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

36 37 38 39

40 41 42 43

44 45 46 47

48 49 50 51

52 53 54 55

56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63

64 65 66 67

68 69 70

71 72 73

For answers, call 1-900-289-CLUE (289-2583), $1.49 a minute;or, with a credit card, 1-800-814-5550.Online subscriptions: Today’s puzzle and more than 5,000 past puzzles, nytimes.com/crosswords ($39.95 a year).Annual subscriptions are available for the best of Sunday crosswords from the last 50 years: 1-888-7-ACROSS.Read about and comment on each puzzle: nytimes.com/wordplay.

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CROSSWORD Edited By Will Shortz

jOURNAl Tuesday, May 7, 2013 7

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For all the talk among Gov. Andrew Cuomo and other leaders about cleaning up New York’s rancid state government, it is the F.B.I. that is doing the cleaning — indictment by in-dictment. State Sen. John Sampson is the latest Albany politician to face corruption charges. On Monday, he was taken into custody by fed-eral agents on charges of embezzling about $440,000 from the sale of foreclosed properties, obstruction of justice and witness tampering.

Sampson, who pleaded not guilty, is the for-mer leader of the Democratic caucus in the Senate, a big catch for prosecutors and an-other huge embarrassment for New Yorkers. He also becomes the 32nd state politician to be indicted or convicted of a crime, censured or otherwise accused of misbehaving in the last seven years. Alan Hevesi, the former state comptroller, went to jail as part of a pension scandal. Former Gov. Eliot Spitzer resigned in disgrace. Nearly two dozen state senators and Assembly members have been accused and convicted. Assemblyman Vito Lopez, once the Democratic power broker in Brooklyn, was censured for harassing young women on his staff.

Sampson, who led the Senate Democrats from June 2009 to December 2012, is the fourth top Senate power broker to be indicted on a charge of misusing his office. The others were: Joseph Bruno, the Republican leader who is being retried on public corruption charges; Pedro Espada Jr., a Democrat, who was con-victed of stealing from his nonprofit health care

network; and, most recently, Malcolm Smith, a Democrat, who is now fighting charges of trying to bribe Republicans to put his name on their ballot for New York City mayor.

New York’s ever-expanding gallery of rogue politicians makes one wonder what can be done to keep the remaining unindicted lawmakers in line. The numerous arrests and convictions are certainly one way to weed out the worst of the bunch. No less helpfully, at least two former legislators in trouble with federal investiga-tors — Nelson Castro, a Bronx assemblyman, and Shirley Huntley, a Queens senator — were secretly taping their colleagues. Wiring politi-cians as part of a plea deal is an unsavory busi-ness. But it may be exactly what is required to create an atmosphere of fear and paranoia necessary break the cycle of temptation.

The indictment in Sampson’s case outlines a scheme to embezzle money from the sale of forfeited property in Brooklyn where he had been appointed a court referee. He is also ac-cused of trying to conceal the public records involving this scheme.

It will take more than public shaming to the Albany crowd to do things right. Our list of pro-posals includes, foremost, the public financing of campaigns in order to provide competition for those entrenched in state office. That would be especially helpful in New York City, where voters have elected too many of the worst malefactors in Albany. Meanwhile, we encour-age the prosecutors to keep probing — and listening.

There are many reasons to be bullish on housing. Valuations, affordability and supply and demand are moving in the right direction. But there are causes for concern. Home sales and home prices can rise only so far given to-day’s high level of unemployment and low level of wage gains. And millions of homeowners are still in financial distress. At the end of 2012, some 11.3 million homeowners — nearly one-fourth of all those with a mortgage — still owed more on their mortgages than their homes were worth, according to Moody’s Analytics. Of those, three million are in or near foreclosure.

Against that backdrop, President Obama has nominated Rep. Melvin Watt, D-N.C., to be the next director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency, the overseer of the govern-ment-backed mortgage companies Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

As a senior member of the House Finan-cial Services Committee, Watt has long been a champion of homeownership and credit availability. Before credit standards were abandoned in the lending of the bubble years, careful efforts by Watt and other policy makers had prudently expanded homeownership to middle- and low-income families, without the negative consequences of the subprime era. Reviving those successful efforts should be a

priority for the next director of the agency. Watt has been criticized for taking campaign

donations from the financial industry. But he has shown a willingness to act in the public in-terest — and to compromise skillfully across the aisle. During debates over the Dodd-Frank financial reform bill in 2010, he was instrumen-tal in passing core mortgage reforms.

The question, of course, is whether Watt can be confirmed. For some time, many Republi-cans have insisted that the most important housing issue is the privatization of Fannie and Freddie, which have been under government control since their bailout in 2008.

The debate over the future of Fannie and Freddie is premature. Currently, Fannie and Freddie and other federal agencies guarantee about 90 percent of new mortgages. Banks and other private sector lenders are simply in no position to fill that role anytime soon.

A confirmation hearing should focus on the real, near-term priorities for Fannie and Fred-die, especially the need to ensure the flow of ample mortgage credit and to provide relief to hard-pressed borrowers.

Watt has what it takes to explain and carry out policies to help revive credit and provide long overdue assistance to homeowners — if only the Senate will give him the chance.

The opponents of immigration reform have many small complaints, but they really have one core concern. It’s about control. America doesn’t control its borders. Past reform efforts have not established control. Current propos-als wouldn’t establish effective control.

The opponents talk about border security and various mechanisms to achieve that, but they rarely go into detail about what we should be so vigilant about restricting. I thought I would spell it out.

Immigration opponents are effectively try-ing to restrict the flow of conservatives into this country. In survey after survey, immigrants are found to have more traditional ideas about family structure and community than compa-rable Americans. They have lower incarcera-tion rates. They place higher emphasis on ca-reer success. They have stronger work ethics. Immigrants go into poor neighborhoods and infuse them with traditional values.

Immigration opponents are trying to restrict assimilation. Current immigrants enter this country because they want to realize the same dreams that inspired past waves. Studies show current Hispanic immigrants are picking up English at an impressive clip. They are making steady gains in homeownership rates, job sta-tus and social identity. By second generation, according to a Pew Research Center study re-leased this year, 61 percent of immigrants think of themselves as “typical Americans.”

Immigration opponents are trying to restrict love affairs. Among all newlyweds in 2010, 9 percent of whites married outside of their ra-cial or ethnic group, as did 17 percent of blacks. But an astonishing 26 percent of Hispanics and 28 percent of Asians married outside their groups. They are blending into America in the most intimate way.

Immigration opponents are trying to re-strict social mobility. Generation after genera-tion, the children of immigrants are gradually better educated and more affluent than their parents.

Immigration opponents are trying to re-strict skills. Current reform proposals would increase high-skill immigration. Opponents of reform are trying to restrict an infusion of people most likely to start businesses and in-vent things.

Finally, opponents of reform are trying to hold back the inevitable. Whether immigration reform passes or not, the United States is going to become a much more cosmopolitan country than it is now. The country will look more like the faces you see at college commencement exercise and less like the faces you see in se-nior citizen homes.

One crucial question is whether America will be better off in that future with today’s dys-functional immigration laws or something else. Another question is whether a major political party is going to consign itself to irrelevance. If conservatives defeat immigration reform, the Republicans will definitely lose control of one thing for years to come: political power.

e d I t o r I A l S o f t h e t I M e S

Corruption in Albany

Melvin Watt, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac

DAVID BROOKS

Beyond the Fence

OPINION Tuesday, May 7, 2013 8

MIAMI — The latest homage to LeBron James took shape in the hours before the Miami Heat’s second-round playoff game against the Chicago Bulls. The

front facade of American Airlines Are-na suddenly featured a

huge black-and-white mural of James’s profile, along with the headline: “2013 MVP.”

The sign also just happened to greet the Bulls on Monday upon their arrival for Game 1, and they were intent on making his life as miserable as possible.

The Bulls have the most injury-ravaged roster in the playoffs, and their best player has not taken the court all season. It mattered not one bit in their 93-86 victory over the Heat, as they relied on defense and toughness in taking an early

series lead against the defending champions.

The Bulls’ Nate Robinson, the smallest player on the court, scored the game’s final 7 points to break open a nip-and-tuck game. He gave the Bulls the lead for good with a deep step-back jumper and finished with 27 points.

“He’s as confident as they come,” Bulls Coach Tom Thibo-deau said of Robinson, adding: “He always thinks he’s hot. He’s never afraid.”

The Bulls overcame a late surge from James, who received his fourth Most Valuable Player award in a pregame ceremony. He scored 15 of his 24 points in the fourth quarter. When he drove past Jimmy Butler for a layup, a foul and a 3-point play, the Heat’s lead grew to 76-69. But the Bulls, coming off a seven-game series against the Nets, refused to buck-

le, mounting a 9-1 run.The Bulls were once again

without Luol Deng, who experi-enced complications after hav-ing a spinal check to test for viral meningitis; Kirk Hinrich, who has a bruised left calf; and Der-rick Rose, a former most valuable player who has been out all season after tearing the anterior cruciate ligament in his left knee during the playoffs a year ago. Many of the players who were available had their own issues, and that includes Joakim Noah, who has plantar fasciitis.

“They have a no-excuse mental-ity,” James said of the Bulls before the game. “No matter who’s in the lineup, they play the same style of basketball: hard-nosed, together and with a sense of urgency each and every possession. That’s why they continue to win games.” SCOTT CACCIOLA

Derek Stepan and Arron Asham both scored tiebreaking goals in the third period for the New York Rangers in a 4-3 victory over the Washington Capitals in Game 3 on

M o n d a y. The Rang-ers finally found their

offense and got back into their first-round playoff series. Stepan gave the Rangers the lead for good with 6:25 remaining when he deftly tipped in a pass in front from Rick Nash. Asham had put New York in front 3-2 at 2:53, but Jay Beagle got the Capitals even again 4:26 later. Derick Brassard had a goal and two assists for

the Rangers, who managed only one goal in the first two losses in Washington and hadn’t scored since the first period of Game 1 — a scoreless stretch of 124 minutes, 6 seconds. BRUINS 5, MAPle leAFS 2 Bos-ton spoiled the return of playoff hockey to Toronto, scoring two quick goals in the second period in a victory over the Maple Leafs. Adam McQuaid, Rich Peverley, Nathan Horton, Daniel Paille and David Krejci, with an empty-net goal with 1:17 remaining, scored for Boston. After being beaten 4-2 in Boston on Saturday night, the Bruins upped their game. The Leafs, meanwhile, made mistakes

and were punished, although they tried to close the gap with a busy third period in which they out-shot the visitors 18-6. Game 4 is Wednesday in Toronto.ReD WINGS 3, DUCKS 2, OT Damien Brunner scored with 4:50 left in overtime, lifting Detroit to a 3-2 series-evening win over the Anaheim Ducks on Monday. Game 5 is Wednesday night in Anaheim and Game 6 is in Detroit on Fri-day. During the Red Wings’ run of playing in 22 straight postseasons, they have won 11 of 19 series that were tied at 2-2. Detroit played with a sense of desperation, hop-ing not to face elimination on the road in Game 5. (AP)

Heat Have M.V.P. but Bulls Have Series LeadOfficials Say Collins Seeking Book Deal

Jason Collins, the N.B.A. vet-eran who last week announced he is gay, is seeking a book deal, The Associated Press has learned. Officials at three pub-lishing houses said Monday they had been contacted about a planned memoir by Collins, the first active player in any of four major U.S. professional sports leagues to come out as gay. The officials said Collins was work-ing on the book with Sports Il-lustrated’s Franz Lidz, to whom he broke the news that he was gay, and was being represented by Kristine Dahl of Internation-al Creative Management. (AP)

Power Play Comes Alive and Rangers Top Capitals

WeATHeRHigh/low temperatures for the 21 hours ended at 4 p.m. yesterday, eastern time, and precipitation (in inches) for the 18 hours ended at 1 p.m. yesterday. expected conditions for today and tomorrow.

Weather conditions: C-clouds, F-fog, H-haze, I-ice, PC-partly cloudy, R-rain, s-sun, sh-showers, sn-snow, ss-snow showers, T-thunderstorms, Tr-trace, W-windy.

U.S. CITIeS

Yesterday Today Tomorrowalbuquerque 70/ 58 Tr 76/ 51 PC 72/ 49 PCatlanta 58/ 44 0.03 68/ 53 PC 77/ 57 PCBoise 80/ 50 0.07 78/ 53 PC 78/ 50 TBoston 56/ 43 0 70/ 52 PC 66/ 55 CBuffalo 75/ 52 0 75/ 52 PC 72/ 52 PCCharlotte 71/ 56 0 65/ 52 T 71/ 53 CChicago 70/ 53 0 71/ 50 PC 73/ 52 PCCleveland 72/ 53 0 70/ 54 PC 70/ 51 PCdallas-Ft. Worth 77/ 48 0 85/ 60 s 88/ 65 PCdenver 66/ 35 0.01 66/ 46 PC 62/ 44 Tdetroit 73/ 48 0 74/ 52 PC 76/ 51 PC

Houston 79/ 49 0 87/ 59 s 85/ 66 PCKansas City 69/ 51 0 75/ 57 PC 76/ 61 TLos angeles 68/ 57 0.42 70/ 56 sh 71/ 56 PCMiami 84/ 64 0 83/ 68 s 85/ 69 sMpls.-st. Paul 74/ 46 0 75/ 56 s 75/ 56 TNew york City 68/ 46 0 69/ 55 PC 64/ 57 ROrlando 79/ 61 0 81/ 60 PC 85/ 60 sPhiladelphia 69/ 45 0 67/ 56 C 69/ 58 shPhoenix 86/ 69 0 85/ 64 s 84/ 66 ssalt Lake City 75/ 60 0.01 66/ 48 PC 69/ 51 PCsan Francisco 68/ 59 0.05 64/ 52 C 63/ 52 PCseattle 85/ 54 0 76/ 51 s 74/ 51 PCst. Louis 69/ 54 0 75/ 54 PC 80/ 61 PCWashington 64/ 52 Tr 62/ 59 R 69/ 56 T

FOReIGN CITIeS Yesterday Today Tomorrowacapulco 89/ 71 0 90/ 71 s 90/ 73 sathens 88/ 68 0 81/ 64 PC 75/ 61 PCBeijing 88/ 59 0 87/ 58 C 82/ 59 PCBerlin 72/ 46 0 74/ 57 sh 78/ 58 PCBuenos aires 73/ 54 0 63/ 52 s 70/ 54 sCairo 93/ 68 0 94/ 69 s 91/ 68 PC

Cape Town 82/ 46 0 75/ 56 C 64/ 55 PCdublin 63/ 50 0 59/ 47 C 59/ 41 RGeneva 61/ 54 0.04 70/ 45 PC 67/ 51 PCHong Kong 79/ 72 0 83/ 76 sh 83/ 77 PCKingston 86/ 78 0 88/ 77 PC 88/ 77 PCLima 75/ 62 0 78/ 63 PC 77/ 63 PCLondon 70/ 52 0 69/ 50 s 61/ 42 shMadrid 77/ 46 0 75/ 50 PC 75/ 54 PCMexico City 82/ 52 0 88/ 52 PC 85/ 53 PCMontreal 81/ 55 0 81/ 54 s 82/ 57 sMoscow 52/ 46 0 64/ 48 s 70/ 50 PCNassau 82/ 71 0 82/ 70 s 84/ 72 PCParis 64/ 46 0 68/ 56 C 68/ 44 shPrague 61/ 48 0.06 72/ 51 R 73/ 55 shRio de Janeiro 72/ 71 0.32 79/ 64 PC 75/ 64 sRome 64/ 54 0.18 72/ 52 T 72/ 54 ssantiago 75/ 43 0 82/ 45 s 77/ 45 sstockholm 66/ 43 0 70/ 46 s 64/ 48 PCsydney 63/ 51 0 70/ 55 PC 71/ 57 PCTokyo 75/ 59 0.01 65/ 48 W 71/ 55 sToronto 70/ 50 0 73/ 50 s 72/ 48 sVancouver 72/ 54 0 70/ 52 s 68/ 50 PCWarsaw 72/ 50 0 75/ 57 C 81/ 57 s

In Brief

BASeBAll — A.l.

BASeBAll — N.l.

MONDAYChicago White sox 2, Kansas City 1, 11 inningsCleveland 7, Oakland 3Toronto 8, Tampa Bay 7Boston 6, Minnesota 5, 11 innings

MONDAYatlanta 7, Cincinnati 4Chicago Cubs 9, Texas 2

N.H.l. SCOReSSUNDAY’S LATE GAMEsan Jose 5, Vancouver 2 sharks lead series, 3-0MONDAYBoston 5, Toronto 2 Bruins lead series 2-1 Rangers 4, Washington 3 Capitals lead series 2-1 detroit 3, anaheim 2, OT series is tied 2-2

N.B.A. SCOReSMONDAYChicago 93, Miami 86 Bulls lead series 1-0

BUllS 93, HeAT 86Chicago leads series, 1-0

RANGeRS 4, CAPITAlS 3Washington leads series, 2-1

SPORTS Tuesday, May 7, 2013 9

A little more than a week after a 17-year-old soccer player punched a recreation-league referee in the head in suburban Salt Lake City, the referee is dead, the player faces charges, and youth sports are left with questions about the seeming rise in severity of as-saults on officials.

Ricardo Portillo, the 46-year-old referee, is only the second of-ficial in the United States known to have died as a result of referee assault, according to the National Association of Sports Officials. But Barry Mano, the organization’s president, said that many serious assaults went unreported, and Portillo’s eldest daughter, Johana, said her father had sustained bro-ken ribs in another on-field attack about five years ago.

Mano said treatment of officials had deteriorated drastically since he began the organization in 1980.

“It wasn’t on anyone’s radar,” he said. “But now it’s part and parcel of what we do, and not a week goes by where we don’t get at least two or three calls with reports of offi-

cials being assaulted.”Youth sports leagues are the

most problematic, Mano said.When she picked up the phone

shortly after noon on April 27, Ms. Portillo said, she was not sur-prised to hear from an uncle that her father had been injured while officiating. “He said, ‘Your daddy is hurt, and he is going to the hos-pital,’ ” Ms. Portillo, 26, said Mon-

day. “I said, ‘Again?’ ”Portillo was in a coma

for a week. He and his family had planned a trip to Disneyland dur-ing those days, but his youngest daughter, Val-eria, celebrated her 15th birthday by his hospital bed instead. “We were hoping for a miracle,” Ms. Portillo said.

Her father died Saturday. The player has not been identified by the police because he is a minor.

James Yapias, the coach of the player’s team, was approached by the player earlier that day about joining the team, Yapias’s brother, Tony, said in an interview.

Because the season was just beginning and the league is con-sidered a community organiza-

tion, Tony Yapias said, his brother did not hesitate to allow the boy to play.

Portillo called a foul on the play-er for shoving an opponent. While Portillo was writing the player’s information in his notebook, the player swung at him, according to the police. Witnesses said the player threw one punch before Portillo crumpled.

The player was arrested and charged with suspicion of aggra-vated assault. After Portillo died, the local police said additional charges would be considered.

Ms. Portillo said she said she never imagined a player doing what this player did.

“Maybe he is a boy, but he was old enough to do what he did, so he must be old enough to be respon-sible and take the consequences,” she said.

“Maybe he didn’t mean to kill him. But he meant to hurt him. And because of that, he has to be responsible. He changed every-thing. He changed all our lives.”

SAM BORDEN

A Whistle, a Punch and a Soccer Referee Is Dead

kim raff/the salt lake triBune, via associateD press

ricardo portillo, a utah soccer referee punched by a player, died sunday after a week in a coma.

SPORTS Tuesday, May 7, 2013 10

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