108Advances in BiochemicalEngineering/Biotechnology

Series Editor: T. Scheper

Editorial Board:

W. Babel · I. Endo · S.-O. Enfors · A. Fiechter · M. Hoare · W.-S. HuB. Mattiasson · J. Nielsen · H. Sahm · K. Schügerl · G. StephanopoulosU. von Stockar · G. T. Tsao · R. Ulber · C. Wandrey · J.-J. Zhong

Advances in Biochemical Engineering/BiotechnologySeries Editor: T. Scheper

Recently Published and Forthcoming Volumes

Biosensing for the 21st CenturyVolume Editors: Renneberg R., Lisdat F.Vol. 109, 2008

BiofuelsVolume Editor: Olsson, L.Vol. 108, 2007

Green Gene TechnologyResearch in an Area of Social ConflictVolume Editors: Fiechter, A., Sautter, C.Vol. 107, 2007

Cell SeparationFundamentals, Analytical and PreparativeMethodsVolume Editors: Kumar, A., Galaev, I.Y.,Mattiasson, B.Vol. 106, 2007

White BiotechnologyVolume Editors: Ulber, R., Sell, D.Vol. 105, 2007

Analytics of Protein-DNA InteractionsVolume Editor: Seitz, H.Vol. 104, 2007

Tissue Engineering IIBasics of Tissue Engineering and TissueApplicationsVolume Editors: Lee, K., Kaplan, D.Vol. 103, 2007

Tissue Engineering IScaffold Systems for Tissue EngineeringVolume Editors: Lee, K., Kaplan, D.Vol. 102, 2006

Cell Culture EngineeringVolume Editor: Hu, W.-S.Vol. 101, 2006

Biotechnology for the FutureVolume Editor: Nielsen, J.Vol. 100, 2005

Gene Therapy and Gene Delivery SystemsVolume Editors: Schaffer, D. V., Zhou, W.Vol. 99, 2005

Sterile FiltrationVolume Editor: Jornitz, M. W.Vol. 98, 2006

Marine Biotechnology IIVolume Editors: Le Gal, Y., Ulber, R.Vol. 97, 2005

Marine Biotechnology IVolume Editors: Le Gal, Y., Ulber, R.Vol. 96, 2005

Microscopy TechniquesVolume Editor: Rietdorf, J.Vol. 95, 2005

Regenerative Medicine IIClinical and Preclinical ApplicationsVolume Editor: Yannas, I. V.Vol. 94, 2005

Regenerative Medicine ITheories, Models and MethodsVolume Editor: Yannas, I. V.Vol. 93, 2005

Technology Transfer in BiotechnologyVolume Editor: Kragl, U.Vol. 92, 2005

Recent Progress of Biochemical and BiomedicalEngineering in Japan IIVolume Editor: Kobayashi, T.Vol. 91, 2004

Biofuels

Volume Editor: Lisbeth Olsson

With contributions by

B. K. Ahring · M. Alapuranen · A. Berlin · R. Bura · R. P. ChandraJ. Cherry · J. P. van Dijken · M. Galbe · M. F. Gorwa-GrauslundT. B. Grabar · R. den Haan · B. Hahn-Hägerdal · L. O. IngramL. R. Jarboe · Y. J. Jeon · M. Jeppsson · K. Karhumaa · M. KuyperW. T. A. M. de Laat · H. G. Lawford · K. J. Lee · L. R. LyndW. E. Mabee · A. J. A. van Maris · J. E. McBride · S. T. MerinoL. Olsson · J. M. Otero · X. Pan · G. Panagiotou · J. T. PronkT. Puranen · P. L. Rogers · J. N. Saddler · P. SassnerK. T. Shanmugan · M. Siika-aho · J. Vehmaanperä · L. ViikariP. Westermann · A. Wingren · A. A. Winkler · L. P. YomanoG. Zacchi · W. H. van Zyl

123

Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology reviews actual trends in modern biotechnology.Its aim is to cover all aspects of this interdisciplinary technology where knowledge, methods andexpertise are required for chemistry, biochemistry, micro-biology, genetics, chemical engineering andcomputer science. Special volumes are dedicated to selected topics which focus on new biotechnologicalproducts and new processes for their synthesis and purification. They give the state-of-the-art ofa topic in a comprehensive way thus being a valuable source for the next 3–5 years. It also discussesnew discoveries and applications. Special volumes are edited by well known guest editors who invitereputed authors for the review articles in their volumes.In references Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology is abbeviated Adv Biochem En-gin/Biotechnol and is cited as a journal.

Springer WWW home page: springer.comVisit the ABE content at springerlink.com

Library of Congress Control Number: 2007930762

ISSN 0724-6145ISBN 978-3-540-73650-9 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New YorkDOI 10.1007/978-3-540-73651-6

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the materialis concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broad-casting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication ofthis publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Lawof September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained fromSpringer. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law.

Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media

springer.com

c© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007

The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absenceof a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulationsand therefore free for general use.

Cover design: WMXDesign GmbH, HeidelbergTypesetting and Production: LE-TEX Jelonek, Schmidt & Vöckler GbR, Leipzig

Printed on acid-free paper 02/3180 YL – 5 4 3 2 1 0

Series Editor

Prof. Dr. T. Scheper

Institute of Technical ChemistryUniversity of HannoverCallinstraße 330167 Hannover, Germanyscheper@iftc.uni-hannover.de

Volume Editor

Prof. Lisbeth Olsson

Center for Microbial BiotechnologyBioCentrumTechnical University of DenmarkBuilding 2232800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmarklo@biocentrum.dtu.dk

Editorial Board

Prof. Dr. W. Babel

Section of Environmental MicrobiologyLeipzig-Halle GmbHPermoserstraße 1504318 Leipzig, Germanybabel@umb.ufz.de

Prof. Dr. I. Endo

Saitama Industrial Technology Center3-12-18, Kamiaoki Kawaguchi-shiSaitama, 333-0844, Japana1102091@pref.saitama.lg.jp

Prof. Dr. S.-O. Enfors

Department of Biochemistry andBiotechnologyRoyal Institute of TechnologyTeknikringen 34,100 44 Stockholm, Swedenenfors@biotech.kth.se

Prof. Dr. M. Hoare

Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonTorrington PlaceLondon, WC1E 7JE, UKm.hoare@ucl.ac.uk

Prof. Dr. W.-S. Hu

Chemical Engineeringand Materials ScienceUniversity of Minnesota421 Washington Avenue SEMinneapolis, MN 55455-0132, USAwshu@cems.umn.edu

Prof. Dr. B. Mattiasson

Department of BiotechnologyChemical Center, Lund UniversityP.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Swedenbo.mattiasson@biotek.lu.se

VI Editorial Board

Prof. Dr. J. Nielsen

Center for Process BiotechnologyTechnical University of DenmarkBuilding 2232800 Lyngby, Denmarkjn@biocentrum.dtu.dk

Prof. Dr. H. Sahm

Institute of BiotechnolgyForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52425 Jülich, Germanyh.sahm@fz-juelich.de

Prof. Dr. G. Stephanopoulos

Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, MA 02139-4307, USAgregstep@mit.edu

Prof. Dr. U. von Stockar

Laboratoire de Génie Chimique etBiologique (LGCB)Swiss Federal Institute of TechnologyStation 61015 Lausanne, Switzerlandurs.vonstockar@epfl.ch

Prof. Dr. G. T. Tsao

Professor EmeritusPurdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN 47907, USAtsaogt@ecn.purdue.edutsaogt2@yahoo.com

Prof. Dr. Roland Ulber

FB Maschinenbau und VerfahrenstechnikTechnische Universität KaiserslauternGottlieb-Daimler-Straße67663 KaiserslauternGermanyulber@mv.uni-kl.de

Prof. Dr. C. Wandrey

Institute of BiotechnologyForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52425 Jülich, Germanyc.wandrey@fz-juelich.de

Prof. Dr. J.-J. Zhong

Bio-Building #3-311College of Life Science & BiotechnologyKey Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism,Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dong-Chuan RoadMinhang, Shanghai 200240, Chinajjzhong@sjtu.edu.cn

Honorary Editors

Prof. Dr. A. Fiechter

Institute of BiotechnologyEidgenössische Technische HochschuleETH-Hönggerberg8093 Zürich, Switzerlandae.fiechter@bluewin.ch

Prof. Dr. K. Schügerl

Institute of Technical ChemistryUniversity of Hannover, Callinstraße 330167 Hannover, Germanyschuegerl@iftc.uni-hannover.de

Advances in Biochemical Engineering/BiotechnologyAlso Available Electronically

For all customers who have a standing order to Advances in BiochemicalEngineering/Biotechnology, we offer the electronic version via SpringerLinkfree of charge. Please contact your librarian who can receive a password or freeaccess to the full articles by registering at:

springerlink.com

If you do not have a subscription, you can still view the tables of contents of thevolumes and the abstract of each article by going to the SpringerLink Home-page, clicking on “Browse by Online Libraries”, then “Chemical Sciences”, andfinally choose Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology.

You will find information about the

– Editorial Board– Aims and Scope– Instructions for Authors– Sample Contribution

at springer.com using the search function.

Attention all Usersof the “Springer Handbook of Enzymes”

Information on this handbook can be found on the internet atspringeronline.com

A complete list of all enzyme entries either as an alphabetical Name Index oras the EC-Number Index is available at the above mentioned URL. You candownload and print them free of charge.

A complete list of all synonyms (more than 25,000 entries) used for the enzymesis available in print form (ISBN 3-540-41830-X).

Save 15%We recommend a standing order for the series to ensure you automaticallyreceive all volumes and all supplements and save 15% on the list price.

Preface

In line with the current focus on a sustainable economy, bioethanol and otherbiofuels have received tremendous attention, making many headlines. Beingproduced in steadily growing volumes has made it necessary to consider pro-duction of biofuels from renewable raw materials that are not currently used.Therefore, the production of biofuels is at the gateway of moving from tradi-tional raw materials to others such as lignocellulosic materials. However, sucha transfer requires new production processes that are economically feasible.This volume addresses and discusses the current status of biofuels, coveringaspects from enabling technologies to different technology and processes op-tions, as well as economical and policy perspectives. It represents a timely andcomprehensive overview.

In itself, the field bioethanol and other biofuels receive great current inter-est; however, development in this area will also pave the way for a breakthroughwithin industrial biotechnology (defined as the application of biotechnologyfor the processing and production of chemicals, material, and energy). Thetechnology development driven by the interest in biofuels will lead to ex-periences most valuable for introduction of other industrial biotechnologyprocesses. In parallel, scientific developments in the post-genomic era andachievements in systems biology will allow the necessary development andfine-tuning of the biological catalyst. In light of this, the development of bio-fuel processes, presented in this volume, can be seen in a much larger context.

I want to sincerely thank all authors that have contributed to the volumefor their dedicated effort and their excellent contribution. I hope that you asa reader will enjoy the volume.

Kongens Lyngby, August 2007 Lisbeth Olsson

Contents

Fueling Industrial Biotechnology Growth with BioethanolJ. M. Otero · G. Panagiotou · L. Olsson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Materialsfor Efficient Bioethanol ProductionM. Galbe · G. Zacchi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Substrate Pretreatment:The Key to Effective Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosics?R. P. Chandra · R. Bura · W. E. Mabee · A. Berlin · X. Pan · J. N. Saddler . 67

Progress and Challengesin Enzyme Development for Biomass UtilizationS. T. Merino · J. Cherry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Thermostable Enzymes in Lignocellulose HydrolysisL. Viikari · M. Alapuranen · T. PuranenJ. Vehmaanperä · M. Siika-aho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Metabolic Engineering for Pentose Utilizationin Saccharomyces cerevisiaeB. Hahn-Hägerdal · K. KarhumaaM. Jeppsson · M. F. Gorwa-Grauslund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Development of Efficient Xylose Fermentationin Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Xylose Isomerase as a Key ComponentA. J. A. van Maris · A. A. Winkler · M. Kuyper · W. T. A. M. de LaatJ. P. van Dijken · J. T. Pronk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

Consolidated Bioprocessing for Bioethanol ProductionUsing Saccharomyces cerevisiaeW. H. van Zyl · L. R. Lynd · R. den Haan · J. E. McBride . . . . . . . . . . 205

XII Contents

Development of Ethanologenic BacteriaL. R. Jarboe · T. B. Grabar · L. P. YomanoK. T. Shanmugan · L. O. Ingram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

Zymomonas mobilis for Fuel Ethanol and Higher Value ProductsP. L. Rogers · Y. J. Jeon · K. J. Lee · H. G. Lawford . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

Coproduction of Bioethanol with Other BiofuelsB. K. Ahring · P. Westermann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

Process Engineering Economics of Bioethanol ProductionM. Galbe · P. Sassner · A. Wingren · G. Zacchi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

Policy Options to Support Biofuel ProductionW. E. Mabee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

Author Index Volumes 101–108 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365