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DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING KONGU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Anna University of Technology, Coimbatore) PERUNDURAI, ERODE – 638052

APRIL-2012

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project report entitled STUDY ON MECHANICAL

PROPERTIES OF ECO-FRIENDLY ECONOMIC CONCRETE is the bonafide

record of project work done by M.VINEETH (08CER111),

Y.BOOPATHI (08CEL120),P.MURALI (08CEL122) in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering in kongu

Engineering college of Anna university of Technology, Coimbatore during the

year 2011 - 2012.

SUPERVISOR HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Mrs.S.SUCHITHRA, M.E Mr.S.KRISHNAMOORTHI, M.E.,

Assistant Professor Associate professor

Department of civil engineering Department of civil engineering

Kongu Engineering College Kongu Engineering College

Perundurai, Erode-638 052 Perundurai, Erode-638 052

Date:

Submitted for the end semester viva voce examination held on ___________

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

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DECLARATION

We affirm that the Project Report titled STUDY ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF

ECO-FRIENDLY ECONOMIC CONCRETE being submitted in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the award of Bachelor of Engineering is the original work carried out by

us. It has not formed the part of any other project report or dissertation on the basis of

which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any other

candidate.

(Signature of the candidate)

Date: M.VINEETH (08CER111)

Y.BOOPATHI (08CEL120)

P.MURALI (08CEL122)

I certify that the declaration made by the above candidates is true to the best of my knowledge. Date: Name and Signature of the Supervisor with seal

Mrs.S.SUCHITHRA, M.E

Assistant Professor

Department of Civil Engineering

Kongu Engineering College

Perundurai, Erode-638 052

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost we thank the almighty, the greatest architect of the universe

for giving us such a speculate years.

At the outset, we greatly express our profound gratitude to our beloved

Correspondent Thiru.R.K.VISHWANATHAN,B.A.,and all trust members for the

extensive facilities spared to us.

We are greatly indebted to express our deep sense of gratitude to our principal,

Prof.S.KUPPUSWAMI, B.E., Msc (Engg). Dr.Ing (France) for his valuable advice and

encouragement during the project.

We are grateful to thank our beloved Dean of School of Building and Mechanical

Sciences Dr.K.KRISHNAMOORTHY, M.E., Ph.D., FIE, FIV for his infallible inspiration

and guidance.

We take immense pleasure to express our heartfelt thanks to our beloved Head

of the Department Prof.S.KRISHNAMOORTHI, M.E., for his encouragement and kind

co-operation.

This work would not have been materialized without the great guidance given to

us by our guide Mrs.S.SUCHITHRA, M.E., who had been a constant source of ideas

and inspiration with encouragement.

We express our sincere and deep gratitude to our beloved staff member

Mrs.J.POORNIMA, M.E., for extending their kind co-operation, moral support and

encouragement for completing this project work.

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We heartly thank our project coordinator Dr.P.CHANDRASEKARAN,M.E.,Ph.D.,

and Mr.M.P.THIYANESWARAN, M.E., for their valuable guidance.

Last but not least, we thank our PARENTS and BELOVED FRIENDS for their

moral support.

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ABSTRACT

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ABSTRACT

This paper outlines the method of preparation, testing procedure and

salient results on the eco-friendly concrete that is manufactured using the waste

products of steel industries and Manufacturing Sand industries. Steel slag can be used

in the construction industry as aggregates in concrete by partial replacing natural

aggregates. Natural aggregates are becoming increasingly scarce and their production

and shipment is becoming more difficult. Most of the volume of concrete is aggregates.

Replacing all or some portion of natural aggregates with steel slag would lead to

considerable environmental benefits. The primary aim of this research was to evaluate

the mechanical properties of concrete made with steel slag aggregates and steel slag.

This Project has shown that partial replacing some percentage of

natural aggregates by steel slag aggregates and M-sand. Initially, different natural and

manufactured sand M-sand samples to be used in the concrete mixes were collected

and their physical properties were studied. The results showed that partial replacing of 5

to 30% of steel slag and M-sand aggregates by volume for natural aggregates. To find

the optimum value of partial replacing of steel slag and M-Sand. The compressive

strength, Split tensile strength, and Modulus of rupture, Modulus of elasticity of

specimens were determined adopting conventional testing procedure. The present

study indicates that concrete having very high strength can be produced with the above

mention waste products of steel industry and Manufacturing Sand industry.

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CONTENTS

x

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE NO

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

iv

ABSTRACT

vii

LIST OF TABLES

xii

LIST OF FIGURES

xiii

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 GENERAL

1.2 M-SAND

1.3 STEEL SLAG

2

3

3

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

5

3. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION 12

3.1 METHODOLOGY OF THE PROJECT

13

3.2 MATERIAL PROPERTIES

14

3.2.1 CEMENT 14

3.2.2 AGGREGATE 14

3.2.3 FINE AGGREGATE 15

3.2.4 M-SAND 15

3.2.5 COARSE AGGREGATE 15

3.2.6 STEEL SLAG 16

3.2.7 WATER

16

3.3 MIX DESIGN

17

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4. TESTS AND RESULTS DISCUSSION

20

4.a TESTS ON CONCRETE ELEMENTS 21

4.a.1 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH 21

4.a.2 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY 21

4.a.3 SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH 22

4.a.4 MODULUS OF RUPTURE 22

4.a.5 SPECIMEN CASTING 22

4.a.6 TEST SET UP 23

4.b RESULTS DISCUSSIONS

24

4.b.1 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CUBE

28

4.b.2 SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH OF CYLINDERS

29

4.b.3 FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF PRISM

30

4.b.4 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY

31

5. CONCLUSION 32

6. REFERENCES

34

7. PROJECT PHOTOS 37

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LIST OF TABLES TABLE S.NO

TITLE PAGE NO

3.2.a PROPERTIES OF CEMENT

15

3.2.b PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AGGREGATES

16

3.3 ADJUSTMENT OF VALUES IN WATER CONTENT AND SAND PERCENTAGE FOR OTHER CONDITIONS

18

5.2.1 TEST RESULT FOR CUBE (M-SAND) COMPRESSION STRENGTH IN N/mm2

24

5.2.2 TEST RESULT FOR CYLINDER (M-SAND) SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH IN N/mm2

25

5.2.3 TEST RESULT FOR CUBE (STEEL SLAG)

COMPRESSION STRENGTH IN N/mm2

26

5.2.4 TEST RESULT FOR CYLINDER (STEEL SLAG) SPLIT

TENSILE STRENGTH IN N/mm2

27

5.2.5

TEST RESULT FOR CUBE (20% of STEEL SLAG AND

M-SAND) COMPRESSION STRENGTH IN N/mm2

28

5.2.6 TEST RESULT FOR CYLINDER (M-SAND AND STEEL

SLAG) SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH IN N/mm2

29

5.2.7 MODULUS OF RUPTURE FOR PARTIAL

REPLACEMENT OF20% M-SAND AND 20% STEEL

SLAG IN N/mm2

30

5.2.8 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY FOR PARTIAL

REPLACEMENT OF 25% M-SAND AND 20% STEEL

SLAG IN N/mm2

31

xiii

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE S.NO

TITLE PAGE NO

4.1 LOADING ARRANGEMENT OF FLEXURAL TEST

23

5.2.1 TEST RESULT FOR CUBE (M-SAND) COMPRESSION STRENGTH IN N/mm2

24

5.2.2 TEST RESULT FOR CYLINDER (M-SAND) SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH IN N/mm2

25

5.2.3 TEST RESULT FOR CUBE (STEEL SLAG)

COMPRESSION STRENGTH IN N/mm2

26

5.2.4 TEST RESULT FOR CYLINDER (STEEL SLAG) SPLIT

TENSILE STRENGTH IN N/mm2

27

5.2.5

TEST RESULT FOR CUBE (20% of STEEL SLAG AND

M-SAND) COMPRESSION STRENGTH IN N/mm2

28

5.2.6 TEST RESULT FOR CYLINDER (M-SAND AND STEEL

SLAG) SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH IN N/mm2 29

5.2.7 MODULUS OF RUPTURE FOR PARTIAL

REPLACEMENT OF20% M-SAND AND 20% STEEL

SLAG IN N/mm2

30

5.2.8 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY FOR PARTIAL

REPLACEMENT OF 25% M-SAND AND 20% STEEL

SLAG IN N/mm2

31