frontpage: take a fp sheet. what do you think is happening? homework: no homework
TRANSCRIPT
FrontPage: Take a FP sheet. What do you think is happening?
Homework: No homework
Colonization and Colonization and Control Of IndiaControl Of India
From First Contact to Total Control
“First Contact” 1498 – Portugal’s Vasco de
Gama reaches the coast of India– Portuguese build trading empire
on Asian coast– For 100 years, Portugal had a
virtual monopoly (complete control over a market) on trade with India
• Finally, in 1600’s Dutch, British and French “get in the game”
The British East India Company
In the year 1600, Britain establishes the BEIC to carry on trade with India– Builds ports at many important coastal cities– Will play a large role in the history of India
The Mughals and the Europeans At first, the Mughals did not see the
Europeans as a threat…• Europeans had few goods the Indians wanted• Europeans desired the cotton, silk and tea of India
As Mughal power declines, Indian princes again set up their own kingdoms
• They come into conflict with each other; • Euro’s encourage (“divide and conquer”)• Europeans use this power vacuum”to encroach on
the land of India
East India Company Rule 1700’s - British and French fill the vacuum
and fight for control of India– In the 1760’s Britain emerges victorious and
becomes the sole trading power in India
British government allows the BEIC to “carry the ball” in India (1760’s – 1858) – BEIC essentially controls areas of the
subcontinent for the British government
Areas of British Control
Effects of BEIC Control(1760’s – 1858)
Over time, the policies and actions of the BEIC begin to build resentment from among the Indian people
Grievances of Indians against BEIC – Outlawed sati, a Hindu religious practice– High taxes collected by BEIC angered farmers– Resent efforts of missionaries to convert them
from Islam/Hinduism to Christianity– Dislike foreign influence in general
The Sepoy Rebellion(1857)
Sepoy – name given to an Indian in the British army Around 1857, events occur which lead to uprising
against BEIC– Rumors begin that new rifle cartridges are greased with
pork/beef fat• This is sacrilegious to Muslims and Hindus
Also, a law is passed requiring Sepoys to serve overseas– Hindus believe that if they travel overseas, they will lose caste
**Thus, in 1857 revolt breaks out around Delhi…
The Attack of Mutineers, July 30, 1857
The Aftermath of the Sepoy Rebellion
India Becomes a British Colony(1858 – 1947)
Result of the Revolt:– After several months of fighting, British put
down the revolt– The British government has had enough of
BEIC control– They declare India an official colony in 1858
Ruled 2/3rds of India directly– End reliance on sepoys and Indians in
government– 1/3rd remaining (Indian kingdoms) had to sign
treaties with the British giving up power
India Under British Rule
(1858–1947)
Calls for Independence**Indians continue to resist British control after
Sepoy Rebellion – but nationalists share different ideas about which direction to go- Some wanted return to Hindu ways, some wanted blending of Hindu and European cultures
Indian National Congress (INC) formed in 1885; mostly Hindu– called for gradual change and opening of government
jobs to Indians– Gandhi becomes leader in 1920
Muslim League formed 1906– Counterbalance to INC; mostly Muslim– Under the leadership of Ali Jinnah