ftno2maldepanamá

25
Ficha Técnica No. 2 Mal de panamá Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubanse raza 4 Fotografías: L. Gasparotto, Randy Ploetz, David Jone, Iris Beatriz Scatoni, Pérez, Luis. Elaborada por: Dr. Luciano Martínez Bolaños Universidad Autónoma Chapingo Profesor Investigador Actualizada por: SENASICA Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia Epidemiológica Fitosanitaria LANREF - CP

Upload: karmedina18

Post on 23-Dec-2015

1 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

DESCRIPTION

ok

TRANSCRIPT

Ficha Técnica No. 2

Mal de panamá Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubanse raza 4

Fotografías: L. Gasparotto, Randy Ploetz, David Jone, Iris Beatriz Scatoni, Pérez, Luis.

Elaborada por:

Dr. Luciano Martínez Bolaños

Universidad Autónoma ChapingoProfesor Investigador

Actualizada por:

SENASICALaboratorio Nacional de Referencia

Epidemiológica Fitosanitaria LANREF - CP

Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASICA)

Calle Guillermo Pérez Valenzuela No. 127, Col. Del Carmen C.P. 04100, Coyoacán, México, D.F.

Primera edición: Julio 2013ISBN: 978-607-715-115-9

Mal de panamá Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubanse raza 4

MAL DE PANAMÁ 2013FICHA TÉCNICA NO. 2

IDENTIDAD ......................................................... 2Nombre ................................................................. 2Sinonimia .............................................................. 2&ODVLÀFDFLyQ�WD[RQyPLFD ...................................... 21RPEUH�FRP~Q ...................................................... 2&yGLJR�(332 ........................................................ 2&DWHJRUtD�UHJODPHQWDULD ...................................... 26LWXDFLyQ�GH�OD�SODJD�HQ�0p[LFR ........................... 2,03257$1&,$�(&21Ð0,&$�'(�/$�3/$*$ ...................................................... 2,PSDFWR�HFRQyPLFR�GH�OD�SODJD ............................. 25LHVJR�ÀWRVDQLWDULR ............................................... 3',675,%8&,Ð1�*(2*5É),&$�'(�/$�3/$*$ ...................................................... 4+263('$17(6 .................................................. 4'LVWULEXFLyQ�QDFLRQDO�GH�KRVSHGDQWHV ................. 5$63(&726�%,2/Ð*,&26 .................................. 7&LFOR�GH�YLGD .......................................................... 7'HVFULSFLyQ�PRUIROyJLFD........................................ 96tQWRPDV ............................................................. 10$63(&726�(3,'(0,2/Ð*,&26 .................... 13(SLGHPLRORJtD�GH�OD�SODJD .................................. 13,QIHFFLyQ .............................................................. 133DWRJpQHVLV ......................................................... 136REUHYLYHQFLD ...................................................... 13'LVSHUVLyQ ........................................................... 130pWRGRV�GH�GLDJQyVWLFR� ...................................... 140(','$6�),726$1,7$5,$6 .......................... 14(VTXHPD�GH�9LJLODQFLD�(SLGHPLROyJLFD�)LWRVDQLWDULD ............................. 14$OHUWD�ÀWRVDQLWDULD ............................................. 15([FOXVLyQ............................................................. 155HJXODWRULDV ........................................................ 15(UUDGLFDFLyQ........................................................ 153URWHFFLyQ ........................................................... 16%,%/,2*5$)Ì$ ................................................. 18

Contenido

2MAL DE PANAMÁ 2013FICHA TÉCNICA NO. 2

CONTENIDO

Código EPPO:

)86$&%�

Categoría reglamentaria

$XVHQWH�� QR� KD\� UHJLVWURV� GH� OD� SODJD��&,3)��������

Situación de la plaga en México

'H� DFXHUGR� D� OD� 1,0)� Qo�� ���Fusarium

oxysporum�I��VS��cubense�UD]D���VH�FDWDORJD�FRPR�DXVHQWH��&,3)���������VLQ�HPEDUJR��VH�KD�UHSRUWDGR�OD�SUHVHQFLD�GH�ODV�UD]DV��� \� �� GHO� KRQJR� HQ� 0p[LFR� �&21$&\7��������

IMPORTANCIA ECONÓMICA DE LA PLAGA

Impacto económico de la plaga

/D� PDUFKLWH]� GHO� SOiWDQR� FDXVDGD� SRU�Fusarium VS��KD�VLGR�XQ�SUREOHPD�GH� OD�LQGXVWULD� EDQDQHUD� SRU�PXFKRV� DxRV�� $�SHVDU�GH�TXH�OD�HQIHUPHGDG�IXH�UHSRUWDGD�SRU�SULPHUD�YH]�HQ�$XVWUDOLD�HQ�������OD�HSLGHPLD�PiV�LPSRUWDQWH�VH�SUHVHQWy�HQ�&HQWUR� \� 6XGDPpULFD�� GRQGH� GHVWUX\y�40����� KD� GH� SODQWDFLRQHV� GH� EDQDQR�*URVV� 0LFKHO� �$$$�� HQWUH� ����� \� ������3HJJ�et al����������

(Q�$PpULFD�HO�PDO�GH�3DQDPi�DVRFLDGR�a Fusarium oxysporum�I��VS��cubense IXH�UHSRUWDGR� SRU� SULPHUD� YH]� HQ� 3DQDPi�

Identidad

Nombre

Fusarium oxysporum I��VS� cubense raza ��6FKOHFKW

Sinonimia

Fusarium cubense�(�)��6P�Fusarium cubense YDU. inodoratum E.W. %UDQGHV�Fusarium�YDU� cubense �(�)��6P���:ROOHQZ.

&ODVLÀFDFLyQ�WD[RQyPLFD

� 3K\OXP��$VFRP\FRWD� 6XESK\OXP��3H]L]RP\FRWLQD

� &ODVH��6RUGDULRP\FHWHV� 2UGHQ��+\SRFUHDOHV� )DPLOLD��1HFWULDFHDH� *pQHUR��Fusarium

� (VSHFLH� Fusarium oxysporum

I��VS� cubense raza 4

Nombre común

(VSDxRO0DO�GH�3DQDPi��IXVDULRVLV�GHO�SOiWDQR

,QJOpV%DQDQD�ZLOW��)XVDULXP�ZLOW�RI�EDQDQD��YDVFXODU�ZLOW�RI�EDQDQD�DQG�DEDFD

)UDQFpV0DODGLH�GH�3DQDPD�GX�bananier

3MAL DE PANAMÁ 2013FICHA TÉCNICA NO. 2

CONTENIDO

HQ�OD�GpFDGD�GH�ORV�FXDUHQWD��DIHFWDQGR�D�PiV�GH��������KD�GH�FXOWLYR�\�RFDVLRQDQGR�SpUGLGDV�GH���������������86'��2,56$��������

$� OR� ODUJR� GH� OD� KLVWRULD�� HVWD� HQIHU-PHGDG�KD�WHQLGR�HIHFWRV�GHYDVWDGRUHV�HQ�OD�HFRQRPtD�GH�PXFKRV�SDtVHV�GHO�&DULEH��FRQYLUWLpQGRVH� HQ� OD� SULPHUD� FDXVD� GH�FDPELRV� HQ� HO� XVR� GH� OD� WLHUUD� �2,56$��������

(Q�������&RVWD�5LFD�H[SRUWDED�PiV�GH����PLOORQHV�GH�UDFLPRV�\�SDUD������OD�H[-SRUWDFLyQ�VH�UHGXMR�D�����PLOORQHV��2,56$��������� 3DUD� ����� VH� KDFtD� UHIHUHQFLD� D�TXH�HQ�XQ�SHUtRGR�DSUR[LPDGR�GH����DxRV���������KD�GH�EDQDQR�IXHURQ�GHVWUXLGDV�R�DEDQGRQDGDV�HQ�$PpULFD�&HQWUDO�D�FDXVD�GH�HVWD�HQIHUPHGDG��7KXUVWRQ��������

6LQ� HPEDUJR� OD� LQGXVWULD� EDQDQHUD�IXH� UHFXSHUDGD� SRU� OD� LQWURGXFFLyQ� GHO�FXOWLYDU� &DYHQGLVK� �$$$��� HO� FXDO� IXH�UHVLVWHQWH� D� Fusarium oxysporum� I�� VS��cubense�� 5HFLHQWHPHQWH�� OD� HQIHUPH-GDG�VH�KD�SUHVHQWDGR�HQ�´&DYHQGLVKµ�HQ�$XVWUDOLD��,VODV�&DQDULDV��6XGiIULFD�\�HO�6XU� GH� $VLD�� SRQLHQGR� HQ� ULHVJR� OD� FRQ-WLQXLGDG� GHO� XVR� GH� HVWH� FXOWLYDU�� (VWD�IRUPD�YLUXOHQWD�GHO�SDWyJHQR�VH�GHQRPLQD�UD]D�WURSLFDO����0ROLQD��et al���������

(O� PDO� GH� 3DQDPi� FDXVDGR� SRU�Fusarium oxysporum�I��VS��cubense raza ���HVSHFLDOPHQWH�OD�UD]D�WURSLFDO����)2&�57��� HV� OD� SULQFLSDO� DPHQD]D� SDUD� OD�SURGXFFLyQ� PXQGLDO� GH� EDQDQRV�� /D�

HPHUJHQFLD�UHFLHQWH�GH�)2&�57��HQ�$VLD��KD�VLGR�VRUSUHVLYR�\�DODUPDQWH��GHELGR�D�OD�UXSWXUD�GH�UHVLVWHQFLD�GHO�SDWyJHQR�HQ�FORQHV� GH� EDQDQR� GHO� JUXSR� &DYHQGLVK��WDOHV� FRPR�HQDQR�JLJDQWH� �$$$��� HO� FXDO�HV� HO� SULQFLSDO� FORQ� FXOWLYDGR� D� QLYHO�PXQGLDO��3ORHW]��������

0ROLQD� et al��� �������� LQGLFDQ� TXH� OD�SUHVHQFLD� GH� )2&� 57�� HQ� GLIHUHQWHV�SDtVHV�HVWi�DVRFLDGD�FRQ�HO�JUXSR�GH�FRP-SDWLELOLGDG�YHJHWDWLYR��*&9��

/D� HQWUDGD� \� HVWDEOHFLPLHQWR� GH� )2&�57��DO�FRQWLQHQWH�DPHULFDQR��RFDVLRQDUtD�XQD�JUDQ�DIHFWDFLyQ�HQ� OD�SURGXFFLyQ�GH�SOiWDQR�\�EDQDQR�GH�H[SRUWDFLyQ��DGHPiV�GH� FXDQWLRVDV� SpUGLGDV� HFRQyPLFDV� \�XQ�IXHUWH�LPSDFWR�VRFLDO��2,56$��������

5LHVJR�ÀWRVDQLWDULR

&RQ�EDVH�DO�KLVWRULDO�GHO�PDO�GH�3DQDPi��VX�SURFHVR�GH�FRHYROXFLyQ�\ DSDULFLyQ�GH�UD]DV� DJUHVLYDV�� DVt� FRPR� OD� GHSHQGHQ-FLD� GH� ORV� PHUFDGRV� VREUH� HO� FXOWLYDU�&DYHQGLVK�� SURSLFLDQ� TXH� )2&� 57��VHD� HO� SULQFLSDO� SUREOHPD� SRWHQFLDO� GHO�FXOWLYR�GH�EDQDQR�

/D�GLVSHUVLyQ�GH�HVWH�SDWyJHQR�UHSUH-VHQWD�XQD�DPHQD]D�PX\�VHULD��SXHVWR�TXH�PiV�GHO������GH� ORV�EDQDQRV�\�SOiWDQRV�SURGXFLGRV�HQ�HO�PXQGR�VRQ�VXVFHSWLEOHV��)$2�� ������� OR� FXDO� SRQGUtD� HQ� ULHVJR�OD� VHJXULGDG� DOLPHQWDULD� GH�PLOORQHV� GH�SHUVRQDV� HQ� HO� PXQGR�� GHQWUR� GH� HOORV�0p[LFR�

4MAL DE PANAMÁ 2013FICHA TÉCNICA NO. 2

CONTENIDO

$� QLYHO� QDFLRQDO� OD� LQWURGXFFLyQ�� HV-WDEOHFLPLHQWR� \� GLVSHUVLyQ� GH� )2& 57��� SRGUtD� RFDVLRQDU� JUDQGHV� SpUGLGDV�HFRQyPLFDV�\D�TXH�HO�FXOWLYR�GHO�SOiWDQR�HV� HO� SULQFLSDO� KRVSHGDQWH� \� WLHQH� XQD�DPSOLD�GLVWULEXFLyQ�DGHPiV�GH�VHU�XQR�GH�ORV� VLVWHPDV� SURGXFWRV�PiV� UHGLWXDEOHV��'H� DFXHUGR� FRQ� HO� 6,$3� �������� SDUD� HO�FLFOR�DJUtFROD�������HVWH�FXOWLYR�SUHVHQWy�XQD�VXSHUÀFLH�GH�����������KD��DOFDQ]DQ-GR� XQD� SURGXFFLyQ� GH� �� ���� ������� W�� \�XQ�YDORU�GH�SURGXFFLyQ�PD\RU�D� ORV������PLOORQHV�GH�SHVRV�

(O� /DERUDWRULR� 1DFLRQDO� GH� *HRSUR�����FHVDPLHQWR� GH� ,QIRUPDFLyQ� )LWRVDQLWDULD��/D1*,)��GHO�6LVWHPD�1DFLRQDO�GH�9LJLODQ-FLD� (SLGHPLROyJLFD� )LWRVDQLWDULD� HODERUy�HO� PDSD� GH� ULHVJRV� GH� PDO� GH� 3DQDPi��3DUD�VX�HODERUDFLyQ�VH�WRPDURQ�HQ�FXHQWD��FRQGLFLRQHV�DPELHQWDOHV��SUHVHQFLD�GH�KRV-SHGHURV�\�HSLGHPLRORJtD�GH�OD�SODJD��(Q�OD�)LJXUD���VH�REVHUYD�HO�iUHD�TXH�FXHQWD�FRQ�ODV� FRQGLFLRQHV� ySWLPDV� SDUD� HO� HVWDEOH��FLPLHQWR�\�GHVDUUROOR�GH�HVWD�HQIHUPHGDG�

DISTRIBUCIÓN GEOGRÁFICA DE LA PLAGA

/D�SULQFLSDO�GLÀFXOWDG�SDUD�HO�VHJXLPLHQ-WR� GH� OD� SURSDJDFLyQ� \� GLVWULEXFLyQ� GH�Fusarium oxysporum�I��VS��cubense��)2&��HV�OD�FDUDFWHUL]DFLyQ�JHQpWLFD�GH�ODV�UD]DV�\�FHSDV�

/HRQJ�� et al�� ������� HVWXGLDURQ� OD� YD-ULDFLyQ� JHQpWLFD� HQWUH� DLVODPLHQWRV� GH�

)2&��PHGLDQWH�HO�XVR�GH�WUHV�PpWRGRV�PR-OHFXODUHV��(5,&�3&5��5$06��5)/3�,*6��\�OD�VHFXHQFLDFLyQ�GHO�JHQ�7()���_��REWX-YLHURQ� DOWRV� QLYHOHV� GH� YDULDFLyQ� JHQpWL-FD�� /R� FXDO�PXHVWUD� TXH� ORV� DLVODGRV� GH�)2&�KDQ�FRHYROXFLQDGR�FRQ�HO�FXOWLYR�GH�EDQDQR�� \� SUREDEOHPHQWH� VH� KD� GLVHPL-QDGR�D�WUDYpV�GH�UL]RPDV�LQIHFWDGRV��/DV�FHSDV�VH�LGHQWLÀFDQ�PHGLDQWH�XQ�DQiOLVLV�GHO� JUXSR� GH� FRPSDWLELOLGDG� YHJHWDWLYD��DJUXSiQGRVH�HQ���UD]DV��EDVDGDV�HQ�OD�HV-SHFLÀFLGDG�GHO�KXpVSHG��)$2��������

/D� (332� �������� LQGLFD� TXH� )2&�WLHQH�XQD�DPSOLD�GLVWULEXFLyQ�HQ�DOJXQRV�SDtVHV� GH� &HQWUR� \� 6XGDPpULFD�� $VLD��ÉIULFD�\�2FHDQtD��VLQ�HPEDUJR��QR�VH�GH-ÀQH� OD�UD]D�SUHVHQWH�HQ�FDGD�XQR�GH� ORV�SDtVHV��)LJXUD����

5HVSHFWR�D�OD�GLVWULEXFLyQ�GH�)2&�57��3ORHW]� ������� \� 0ROLQD� �������� VHxDODQ�TXH�ORV�SULPHURV�DLVODPLHQWRV�GH�HVWD�HQ-IHUPHGDG��IXHURQ�LGHQWLÀFDGRV�HQ�7DLZiQ�\�TXH�DFWXDOPHQWH�OD�UD]D���VH�UHSRUWD�HQ�$XVWUDOLD��&KLQD��,QGRQHVLD��0DOD\VLD��\�)LOLSLQDV��&XDGUR����

(Q� FXDQWR� D� ODV� RWUDV� UD]DV� GH� )2&��PX\�SRFDV�]RQDV�VH�FRQVLGHUDQ�OLEUHV�GH�ODV�UD]DV���\����)$2��������

HOSPEDANTES

/HRQJ�et al.,� ��������PHQFLRQD�TXH�)2&�57�� HV� OD� FHSD� PiV� YLUXOHQWD� OD� FXDO�DWDFD� DO� FXOWLYDU� &DYHQGLVK� DVt� FRPR� D�*URV�0LFKHO�\�%OXQJJRH�

5MAL DE PANAMÁ 2013FICHA TÉCNICA NO. 2

CONTENIDO

Figura 1. ÉUHD�GH�ULHVJR�ÀWRVDQLWDULR�SDUD�PDO�GH�3DQDPi��&UpGLWRV��6,1$9()�/D1*,)�������

3RU� RWUD� SDUWH� 7KXUVWRQ� �������VHxDOD� TXH� HO� PDO� GH� 3DQDPi� HV� XQ�KRQJR�VDSUyÀWR�IDFXOWDWLYR��SRU�OR�TXH�OD�KDELOLGDG� SDUD� VREUHYLYLU� HQ� PDOH]DV� \�SDVWR�SRGUtD� H[SOLFDU� OD�SHUVLVWHQFLD�GHO�KRQJR�HQ�VXHORV�VLQ�EDQDQR�

(Q� ORV� &XDGURV� �� \� �� VH� PXHVWUDQ�ODV� HVSHFLHV� KRVSHGDQWHV� SULPDULDV� \�

VLOYHVWUHV� GH� Fusarium oxysporum� I��VS��cubense.

Distribución nacional de hospedantes

/RV� KRVSHGDQWHV� SULPDULRV� GH� PDO� GH�3DQDPi��HVWiQ�LQWHJUDGRV�SRU�ODV�IDPLOLDV�+HOLFRQHDFHDH�\�0XVDFHDH�

6MAL DE PANAMÁ 2013FICHA TÉCNICA NO. 2

CONTENIDO

Figura 2. 'LVWULEXFLyQ�PXQGLDO�GH�Fusarium oxysporum I�VS��cubense��UD]D�SRU�SDtV�QR�HVSHFLÀFDGD���� &UpGLWRV��(332�������

Cuadro 1.�'LVWULEXFLyQ�PXQGLDO�SRU�UD]D�GH�Fusarium oxysporum�I��VS��cubense�SRU�UHJLyQ�

África subsahariana

América Latina/ Caribe

$VLD��3DFtÀFR

5D]D�WURSLFDO���GH�)2&

ÉIULFD�DXVWUDO��*&9������

$XVHQWH ,QGRQHVLD��&KLQD��7DLZiQ��0DODVLD��)LOLSLQDV��$XVWUDOLD

2WURV�)2& 1LQJ~Q�SDtV�H[HQWR 1LQJ~Q�SDtV�H[HQWR 1LQJ~Q�SDtV�H[HQWR

)XHQWH��5HXQLyQ�FRQMXQWD�GHO�6XEJUXSR�VREUH�HO�%DQDQR�HQ�VX�FXDUWD�UHXQLyQ�\�GHO�6XEJUXSR�VREUH�)UXWDV�7URSLFDOHV�HQ�VX�TXLQWD�UHXQLyQ��)$2��������

Cuadro 2.�+RVSHGDQWHV�SULPDULRV�GH�Fusarium oxysporum I�VS��cubense.

Familia 1RPEUH�FLHQWtÀFR Nombre común

0XVDFHDH Musa�VS� 3OiWDQR�\�EDQDQR+HOLFRQLDFHDH Heliconia�VS� +HOLFRQLD

)XHQWH��7KXUVWRQ�������

7MAL DE PANAMÁ 2013FICHA TÉCNICA NO. 2

CONTENIDO

Cuadro 3.�+RVSHGDQWHV�VLOYHVWUHV�GH�Fusarium oxysporum I�VS��cubense

Familia 1RPEUH�FLHQWtÀFR Nombre común

+HOLFRQLDFHDH Heliconia caribea 3ODWDQLOOR3RDFHDH Paspalum fasciculatum *UDPRORWH3RDFHDH Panicum purpurascens =DFDWH�SDUi&RPPHOLQDFHDH Commelina diffusa 6LHPSUH�YLYD

)XHQWH��6WDQVEXU\�et al��������

(Q�0p[LFR�HO�FXOWLYR�GHO�EDQDQR��XQR�GH�ORV� DJURHFRVLVWHPDV� PiV� UHGLWXDEOHV� \� GH�PD\RU� GLVWULEXFLyQ�� VH� FXOWLYD� SULQFLSDO-PHQWH� HQ� ��� HQWLGDGHV� IHGHUDWLYDV�� GHVWD-FDQGR��&KLDSDV��9HUDFUX]��7DEDVFR��1D\DULW��&ROLPD�� 0LFKRDFiQ�� 2D[DFD�� *XHUUHUR��-DOLVFR�\�3XHEOD�FRQ�����������KD�HTXLYD-OHQWH�DO��������GH� OD�VXSHUÀFLH�QDFLRQDO��)LJXUD�����6,$3��������

ASPECTOS BIOLÓGICOS

Ciclo de vida

(O�PDO�GH�3DQDPi��HV�XQD�GH� ODV�HQIHU-PHGDGHV� PiV� QRFLYDV� TXH� DWDFDQ� D� ODV�PXViFHDV� �%DWOOH� \� 3pUH]�� ������� 6H� GH-VDUUROOD� IDYRUDEOHPHQWH� HQ� ODV� UHJLRQHV�WURSLFDOHV� �0RRUH�et al���������\�PiV�GHO������GH�ORV�EDQDQRV�\�SOiWDQRV�FXOWLYDGRV�HQ�HO�PXQGR�VRQ�VXVFHSWLEOHV�D�)2&�57���2,56$��������

)2&�57��SXHGH�SHUPDQHFHU� HQ� UHVL��GXRV�GH�SOiWDQR�LQIHFWDGRV��HQ�IRUPD�GH�FODPLGRVSRUDV��ODV�FXDOHV�JHUPLQDQ�HVWL��PXODGDV� SRU� VHFUHFLRQHV� UDGLFDOHV� GH�SODQWDV� KRVSHGHQWHV� \� QR� KRVSHGDQWHV�R� SRU� HO� FRQWDFWR� FRQ� WHMLGR� VDQR� GH� XQ�

FXOWLYDU�VXVFHSWLEOH��/XHJR�GH���X���KRUDV�SURGXFH�PLFHOLR�\�FRQLGLRV��\�GHVSXpV�GH���R���GtDV�SURGXFH�QXHYDV�FODPLGRVSRUDV��6WRYHU���������

(O�KRQJR�SHQHWUD�D�OD�SODQWD�D�WUDYpV�GH� ODV� UDtFHV� WHUFLDULDV�� SHUR� QR� SRU� ODV�UDtFHV�SULQFLSDOHV��D�PHQRV�TXH�KD\D�H[-SRVLFLyQ� GHO� FLOLQGUR� FHQWUDO�� 3RVWHULRU-PHQWH� LQJUHVD� DO� VLVWHPD� YDVFXODU� GHO��UL]RPD� \� SVHXGRWDOOR� H� LQYDGH� ORV� YDVRV�GHO�[LOHPD��%DWOOH�\�3pUH]��������

8QD�YH]�GHQWUR�GHO�[LOHPD��HO�KRQJR�SUR-GXFH�FRQLGLRV��ORV�FXDOHV�VRQ�OOHYDGRV�D�OR�ODUJR�GH�ORV�KDFHV�YDVFXODUHV�GRQGH�LQLFLDQ�QXHYDV�]RQDV�GH�LQIHFFLyQ��RFDVLRQDQGR�VX�REVWUXFFLyQ�\��FRPR�FRQVHFXHQFLD��HO�PRYL-PLHQWR�GHO�DJXD�\�QXWULHQWHV�VH�UHGXFH��(Q�HVWDGRV�PiV�DYDQ]DGRV�GH�OD�HQIHUPHGDG�HO�KRQJR�FUHFH�IXHUD�GHO�VLVWHPD�YDVFXODU��HQ�HO�SDUpQTXLPD�DG\DFHQWH��SURGXFLHQGR�JUDQGHV� FDQWLGDGHV� GH� FRQLGLRV� \� FODPL-GRVSRUDV��HVWDV�~OWLPDV�UHWRUQDQ�DO�VXHOR�FXDQGR�OD�SODQWD�PXHUH�\�SHUPDQHFHQ�HQ�GRUPDQFLD�HYHQWXDOPHQWH�SRU�YDULRV�DxRV��(O�FLFOR�VH�UHSLWH�FXDQGR�ODV�FODPLGRVSRUDV�JHUPLQDQ�H�LQIHFWDQ�QXHYDPHQWH�OD�SODQ-WD��'DYLV��������0RRUH�et al���������

8MAL DE PANAMÁ 2013FICHA TÉCNICA NO. 2

CONTENIDO

Figura 3. 'LVWULEXFLyQ�QDFLRQDO�GH�KRVSHGDQWHV�SRWHQFLDOHV�GH�Fusarium oxysporum�I��VS��cubense raza 4.&UpGLWRV��6,1$9()�/D1*,)�������

9MAL DE PANAMÁ 2013FICHA TÉCNICA NO. 2

CONTENIDO

Descripción morfológica

Fusarium oxysporum�I�VS��cubense��)2&��VH�GLYLGH�HQ�FXDWUR�UD]DV�DFRUGH�D�VX�SD-WRJHQLFLGDG� VREUH� FXOWLYDUHV� GH� EDQDQR��*ORHQHZDOG� et al��� ������� /D� UD]D� �� HV�SDWRJpQLFD� VREUH� HO� FXOWLYDU� *URVV� 0L-FKDHO��JHQRWLSR�$$$��\�6LON��$$%���3RPH��\� 3LVDQJ� $ZDN� �6WRYHU� \� 0DOR�� �������PLHQWUDV�TXH�OD�UD]D���LQIHFWD�D�SODQWDV�%OXJJRH��$%%��\�HVSHFLHV�UHODFLRQDGDV�D�EDQDQRV� GH� FRFFLyQ� �0RRUH� et al��� �������/D�UD]D���DIHFWD�SULQFLSDOPHQWH�DO�EDQD-QR� HQ� FXOWLYDUHV� GHO� JUXSR� &DYHQGLVK�� DVt�FRPR�D�HVSHFLHV� VXVFHSWLEOHV�D� OD� UD]D���\�UD]D����/D�UD]D���HV�VXEGLYLGLGD�HQ�7URSL-FDO� �57���\�6XEWURSLFDO� �56����)2&�56��DWDFD� D� FXOWLYDUHV� GH� EDQDQR� GHO� JUXSR�&DYHQGLVK� HQ� UHJLRQHV� VXEWURSLFDOHV�FRPR� 7DLZiQ�� ,VODV� &DQDULDV�� 6XGiIUL-FD� \� $XVWUDOLD�� 0LHQWUDV� TXH� )2&� 57� DIHFWD� D� FXOWLYDUHV� GH� EDQDQR� GHO� JUXSR������������������������

&DYHQGLVK� HQ� $XVWUDOLD� \� ODV� UHJLRQHV�WURSLFDOHV�GHO�VXU�\�HVWH�GH�$VLD��&KLQD��,QGRQHVLD��0DODVLD��\�)LOLSLQDV��3ORHW]�\�3HJJ��������0ROLQD���������/D�UD]D���DIHF-WD�D�Heliconia�VSS���:DLWH��������

Fusarium oxysporum� I�� VS�� cubense UD]D� ��� SURGXFH� PDFURFRQLGLRV� HQ� HVSR-URGRTXLRV�VREUH�FRQLGLyIRURV�UDPLÀFDGRV��HQ�OD�VXSHUÀFLH�GH�ODV�SODQWDV�LQIHFWDGDV�R� HQ� XQ� PHGLR� GH� FXOWLYR� DUWLÀFLDO�� /RV�PLFURFRQLGLRV� SUHVHQWDQ� IRUPDV� RYDOD-GDV�\�VH�RULJLQDQ�VREUH�PLFURFRQLGLyIRURV�R�PRQRÀDOLGHV�FRUWRV�HQ�HO�PLFHOLR�DpUHR��6DEDGHOO��������

/DV� FODPLGRVSRUDV� SRVHHQ� SDUHGHV�JUXHVDV�� \� VX� SURGXFFLyQ� HV� DEXQGDQ-WH�VREUH� ORV�WHMLGRV� LQIHFWDGRV�HQ�HVWDGRV�DYDQ]DGRV� GH� OD� HQIHUPHGDG�� 6H� IRUPDQ�VRODV� R� HQ� JUXSRV�� SXHGHQ� HVWDU� LQWHUFD-ODGDV�R�HQ� OD�SDUWH�WHUPLQDO�GH� ODV�KLIDV��)LJXUD�����6DEDGHOO��������

Figura 4. 'LIHUHQWHV�HVWUXFWXUDV�GHO�KRQJR�F. oxysporum��PD �PDFURFRQLGLRV��PL �PLFURFRQLGLRV��FO �FODPLGRVSRUDV��À �ÀDOLGHV��&UpGLWRV��3pUH]��/XLV�

10MAL DE PANAMÁ 2013FICHA TÉCNICA NO. 2

CONTENIDO

Síntomas

(Q� EDQDQR� ORV� VtQWRPDV� H[WHUQRV� SUR-GXFLGRV�SRU� HO�PDO�GH�3DQDPi�VH� FDUDF-WHUL]DQ�SRU�XQ�DPDULOODPLHQWR�XQLIRUPH�GH�ODV�KRMDV�DGXOWDV�D�OR�ODUJR�GHO�PDUJHQ�IROLDU� TXH� FRQWLQ~D� KDFLD� OD� QHUYDGXUD�FHQWUDO��KDVWD�TXH�ODV�KRMDV�TXHGDQ�FRP-SOHWDPHQWH� PDUFKLWDV� \� VH� WRUQDQ� GH�FRORU� FDIp�� SXHGH� R� QR� PDQLIHVWDUVH� XQ�DJULHWDPLHQWR� HQ� OD� EDVH� GHO� SVHXGRWD��OOR��(Q�OD�IDVH�LQLFLDO��HO�VtQWRPD�SXHGH�FRQIXQGLUVH�FRQ� ORV�SURGXFLGRV�SRU�GH-ILFLHQFLD�GH�SRWDVLR��HVSHFLDOPHQWH�EDMR�FRQGLFLRQHV�GH�VHTXtD�\�IUtR��3RVWHULRU-PHQWH��WRGDV�ODV�KRMDV�VH�PDUFKLWDQ�\�TXHGDQ�FROJDGDV�GH�OD�SODQWD�\�XQLGDV�DO� SVHXGRWDOOR� �)LJXUD� ��� �7KXUVWRQ�������� $UUR\R� et al��� ������0RRUH� et al���������

Figura 5.�3ODQWDV�GH�EDQDQR�FRQ�ODV�KRMDV�MyYHQHV�HUL]DGDV�\�HO�UHVWR�GH�ODV�KRMDV�HQ�IRUPD�GH�´IDOGDµ�FROJDQGR�GHO�SVHXGRWDOOR��&UpGLWRV��'U��5DQG\�3ORHW]��'DYLG�-RQH�

/RV� VtQWRPDV� LQWHUQRV� VH� FDUDFWHUL-]DQ�SRU�XQD�GHFRORUDFLyQ�YDVFXODU�\�VH�REVHUYDQ�DO� FRUWDU� ODV�UDtFHV��HO� FRUPR�R� HO� SVHXGRWDOOR�� (VWD� GHFRORUDFLyQ�DPDULOOD�� PDUUyQ� R� FDIp�RVFXUR� SUR-JUHVD� KDFLD� ORV� KDFHV� YDVFXODUHV� GHO�SVHXGRWDOOR� \� DOJXQDV� YHFHV� HQ� HO� UD-TXLV�� /D� SULPHUD� GHFRORUDFLyQ�YDVFXODU�VH�REVHUYD�HQ�ODV�YDLQDV�GH�ODV�KRMDV�H[-WHUQDV� GHO� SVHXGRWDOOR� \� ODV� PiV� LQWHU-QDV�VH�GHFRORUDQ�DO�ÀQDO��7KXUVWRQ��������0RRUH� et al��� �������$O� UHDOL]DU�XQ� FRUWH�YHUWLFDO�GHO�SVHXGRWDOOR�GH�XQD�SODQWD�LQ-IHFWDGD� SRU� HO�PDO� GH�3DQDPi� VH� REVHU-YDQ�OtQHDV�FRORU�PDUUyQ��URMR�R�DPDULOOR��PLHQWUDV�TXH�HQ�XQ�FRUWH� WUDQVYHUVDO�VH�REVHUYDQ�HQ�IRUPD�GH�DQLOORV��)LJXUD�����&XDQGR�VH�GLVHFWD�XQ�UL]RPD�SURYHQLHQWH�GH� XQD� SODQWD� LQIHFWDGD� SRU� Fusarium

VS��VH�REVHUYDQ�PDQFKDV�\�ÀODPHQWRV�GH�FRORU�DPDULOOR��)LJXUD�����'H�%HHU�et al���������'DYLV��������

11MAL DE PANAMÁ 2013FICHA TÉCNICA NO. 2

CONTENIDO

Figura 6.�3VHXGRWDOOR�GH�EDQDQR�FRQ�XQD�FRORUDFLyQ�FDVWDxR� HQ� IRUPD� GH� DQLOOR�� FDUDFWHUtVWLFR�GH�OD�HQIHUPHGDG�

� &UpGLWRV��'U��/��*DVSDURWWR�

Figura 7.� &RUWH� WUDQVYHUVDO� GHO� UL]RPD� LQIHFWDGR��GRQGH�VH�REVHUYDQ�PDQFKDV�\�ÀODPHQWRV�DPDULOORV��&UpGLWRV��=��'H�%HHU�

(O� PDO� GH� 3DQDPi� SXHGH� VHU� FRQ-IXQGLGR�IiFLOPHQWH�FRQ�HO�IDOVR�PDO�GH�3DQDPi��GHELGR�D�ORV�VtQWRPDV�VLPLODUHV�TXH� DPERV� RFDVLRQDQ�� 6LQ� HPEDUJR�� HO�IDOVR�PDO�GH�3DQDPi�VH�GHEH�D� IDFWRUHV�DELyWLFRV�\�HPSLH]D�HQ�ODV�KRMDV�EDMDV�R�YLHMDV��(O�PDUJHQ�GH�FDGD�KRMD�VH�WRUQD�GH� YHUGH� SiOLGR� D� DPDULOOR�� DSDUHFHQ�UD\DV� QHFUyWLFDV� URGHDGDV� SRU� XQ� PDU-JHQ�DPDULOOR�\�OD�KRMD�PXHUH�ÀQDOPHQWH��)LJXUD�����'H�%HHU�et al���������

&XDQGR� HO� SVHXGRWDOOR� GH� XQD� SODQWD�TXH�PXHVWUD� ORV� VtQWRPDV� GHO� IDOVR�PDO�GH�3DQDPi�VH�FRUWD�WUDQVYHUVDOPHQWH��D�

XQRV����FP��SRU�HQFLPD�GHO�QLYHO�GHO�VXHOR��D� PHQXGR� VH� YHQ� ÀODPHQWRV� YDVFXODUHV�GHFRORUDGRV�GH� FRORU� URMR�YLQR�\�QR� H[LV-WHQ�EROVLOORV�JRPRVRV�FRPR�HQ�HO�FDVR�GH�)2&�UD]D����(O�SVHXGRWDOOR��D�OD�DOWXUD�GH��������FP�SRU�HQFLPD�GHO�QLYHO�GHO�VXHOR�FRQWLHQH� PXFKRV� ÀODPHQWRV� YDVFXODUHV�URMR�YLQR�GHFRORUDGRV�� WDQWR�HQ� ODV�SODQ-WDV�DIHFWDGDV�SRU�HO�IDOVR�PDO�GH�3DQDPi��FRPR� HQ� ODV� SODQWDV� DIHFWDGDV� SRU� )2&�UD]D����(Q�ODV�SODQWDV�DIHFWDGDV�SRU�)2&�UD]D� ��� OD� GHFRORUDFLyQ� HV� PiV� R� PHQRV�FRQWLQXD� \� SXHGH� VHU� WUD]DGD� KDFLD� OD�SDUWH�LQIHULRU�GHO�SVHXGRWDOOR��(Q�HO�FDVR�GHO� IDOVR�PDO�GH�3DQDPi�� ORV�ÀODPHQWRV�

12MAL DE PANAMÁ 2013FICHA TÉCNICA NO. 2

CONTENIDO

YDVFXODUHV� GHFRORUDGRV� XVXDOPHQWH� QR�VRQ� FRQWLQXRV�� RFXUULHQGR� HQ� UHJLRQHV�FRUWDV� GH� XQRV� ��� FP� GH� ODUJR�� VHSDUD-GRV� SRU� iUHDV� DQFKDV�� &XDQGR� VH� SDUWH�

Figura 9. )LODPHQWRV� EODQTXHFLQRV� \� PDQFKDV�FDXVDGDV�SRU�HO�IDOVR�PDO�GH�3DQDPi���

� &UpGLWRV��,ULV�%HDWUL]�6FDWRQL�

Figura 8.�$��DPDULOOD-PLHQWR�RFDVLRQDGR�SRU�HO�IDOVR�PDO�GH�3DQDPi��%��DPDULOODPLHQWR�RFD-VLRQDGR�SRU�)2&�UD]D����&UpGLWRV��=��'H�%HHU�

HO�UL]RPD�HQ�XQD�SODQWD�FRQ�HO�IDOVR�PDO�GH�3DQDPi��VH�YHQ�PDQFKDV�PDUURQHV�\�ÀODPHQWRV�EODQFRV��)LJXUD�����'H�%HHU�et

al���������

13MAL DE PANAMÁ 2013FICHA TÉCNICA NO. 2

CONTENIDO

ASPECTOS EPIDEMIOLÓGICOS

Epidemiología de la plaga

([LVWHQ� SRFRV� HVWXGLRV�� UHVSHFWR� D� OD�ELRORJtD�\�HFRORJtD�GHO�SDWyJHQR��HQ�HVWH�FDVR��HO�FRQRFLPLHQWR�GHO�HSLVLVWHPD�ED-QDQR�&DYHQGLVK�)2&�57���R�FHSD�������GH� Fusarium oxysporum� I�VS�� cubense �%XGGHQKDJHQ��������

)2&�57��VH�GLVWLQJXH�GH�OD�UD]D�VXE-WURSLFDO� �)2&� 65���� GHELGR� D� TXH� HV�JHQpWLFDPHQWH�GLVWLQWD�\�SRU�VX�UDQJR�GH�KRVSHGDQWHV��3ORHW]�\�&KXUFKLOO��������

'H�DFXHUGR�FRQ�1HOVRQ�et al�����������OD�WHPSHUDWXUD�ySWLPD�SDUD�HO�GHVDUUROOR�GH�Fusarium oxysporum��QR�VH�HVSHFtILFD�OD�UD]D��� HV� GH� ��� D� ��� �&�� HO� FUHFLPLHQWR�VH�LQKLEH�FXDQGR�OD�WHPSHUDWXUD�HV�FHU-FDQD� D� ��� �&� \� QR� HV� IDYRUDEOH� SRU� GH-EDMR�GH�����&� �&RRN�\�%DNHU���������(V�FDSD]�GH�FUHFHU�\�HVSRUXODU�VREUH�XQ�DP-SOLR�UDQJR�GH�YDORUHV�GH�S+ �ySWLPR������������SUHVHQWDQGR�XQ�PD\RU�FUHFLPLHQWR�HQ�FRQGLFLRQHV�GH�RVFXULGDG�FRQWLQXD�

Infección

(O� KRQJR� WLHQH� OD� KDELOLGDG� SDUD� HVWD-EOHFHUVH�VLVWpPLFDPHQWH�HQ�ORV�YDVRV�GHO�[LOHPD�GH� ODV�SODQWDV�GHO� EDQDQR�� FDX-VDQGR�XQD� GHFRORUDFLyQ� YDVFXODU�� DPD-ULOODPLHQWR�\�PDUFKLWH]��.LGDQH�\�/DLQJ��������

Patogénesis

&XDQGR� HVWD� HQIHUPHGDG� LQIHFWD� ORV� WH-MLGRV� GH� OD� SODQWD�KRVSHGDQWH�� LQGXFH� HO�PHFDQLVPR�GH�GHIHQVD�\�SURYRFD�OD�VHFUH-FLyQ� GH� XQ� JHO� VHJXLGR� SRU� OD� IRUPDFLyQ�GH�WLORVDV�HQ�ORV�KDFHV�YDVFXODUHV��GH�HVWD�IRUPD�VH�REVWUX\H�HO�PRYLPLHQWR�GHO�DJXD�D� OD�SDUWH� VXSHULRU� �IROODMH��GH� OD�SODQWD�\� RFDVLRQD� HO� DPDULOODPLHQWR��PDUFKLWH]�\�HYHQWXDOPHQWH��OD�PXHUWH�GH�OD�SODQWD��/HRQJ��et al���������

Sobrevivencia

(O�SDWyJHQR�VREUHYLYH�HQ�HO�VXHOR�\�SHQHWUD�D� ODV�UDtFHV��GH�GRQGH�VH�GLVSHUVD� OHQWD-PHQWH� KDFLD� HO� FRUPR� GH� ODV� SODQWDV� GH�EDQDQR��5DJXFKDQGHU�et al����������)2&�SURGXFH� FODLPLGRVSRUDV� TXH� KDELOLWD� DO�KRQJR�D�SHUVLVWLU�HQ�HO�VXHOR�HQ�DXVHQFLD�GHO� KRVSHGDQWH�� LQFOXVR�� XQD� YH]� TXH� HO�VXHOR�HV�LQIHVWDGR��ORV�FXOWLYDUHV�VXVFHSWL-EOHV�QR�SXHGHQ�VHU�UHSODQWDGRV�GH�PDQHUD�H[LWRVD�SRU�PiV�GH����DxRV��6WRYHU��������'LWD��et al���������

Dispersión

)2&� UD]D� �� VH� GLVSHUVD� SULQFLSDOPHQWH�D� WUDYpV� GHO�PRYLPLHQWR� GH�PDWHULDO� GH�SURSDJDFLyQ�\�UHVLGXRV�GH�SOiWDQR�LQIHF-WDGRV� �'DYLV�� ������� 7DPELpQ� VH� SXHGH�SURSDJDU�D�WUDYpV�GHO�VXHOR�DGKHULGR�D�ORV�LPSOHPHQWRV�GH�VLHPEUD�R�D�ORV�YHKtFXORV��/DV� HVSRUDV� GHO� SDWyJHQR�� DVt� FRPR� HO�PDWHULDO� LQIHFWDGR�� VRQ� WUDQVSRUWDGRV�

14MAL DE PANAMÁ 2013FICHA TÉCNICA NO. 2

CONTENIDO

KDFLD�ORV�FDQDOHV�GH�GUHQDMH�SRU�HO�DJXD�GH�OOXYLD�\��D�WUDYpV�GHO�DJXD�GH�ULHJR��HVWDV�HVSRUDV� LQIHFWDQ�QXHYDV�iUHDV�DJUtFRODV��3RU�RWUD�SDUWH��HO�SDWyJHQR�SXHGH�LQIHFWDU�UDtFHV� GH� FLHUWDV� PDOH]DV� VLQ� SURYRFDU�VtQWRPDV� YLVLEOHV� \� SXHGHQ� SHUPDQHFHU�HQ�HVWDV�SODQWDV�HQ�DXVHQFLD�GH�SOiWDQR�R�EDQDQR��0RRUH�et al���������

6H� KD� REVHUYDGR� TXH� HO� H[FHVR� GH�KXPHGDG� HQ� HO� VXHOR�� GH� WHUUHQRV� DUFL��OORVRV� FRQ� PDO� GUHQDMH�� IDYRUHFH� VX� GH-VDUUROOR�\�GLVSHUVLyQ�� ORV�WHUUHQRV�iFLGRV�\� SREUHV� HQ� FDOFLR� UH~QHQ� FRQGLFLRQHV�DGHFXDGDV� SDUD� HO� GHVDUUROOR� GHO� KRQJR��0RRUH�et al���������

Métodos de diagnóstico

Diagnóstico Molecular

'HELGR�D� OD� LPSRUWDQFLD�PXQGLDO�TXH�UHSUHVHQWD� HO� FXOWLYR� GH� EDQDQR�� HO� GL-DJQyVWLFR� H� LGHQWLÀFDFLyQ� GH� ODV� IRUPDV�HVSHFLDOHV� GH� Fusarium oxysporum� I��VS�� cubense HV� DOWDPHQWH� QHFHVDULR�� HQ�HO� VHQWLGR� GH� LPSOHPHQWDU� FXDUHQWH-QDV�D�SDWyJHQRV�TXH�VRQ�GH� LPSRUWDQFLD�HFRQyPLFD��HQ�HVWH�FDVR��)2&�57���'LWD��et al����������

(O� GLDJQyVWLFR� PROHFXODU� GH� )2&�57���LPSOLFD�HO�DLVODPLHQWR�GHO�$'1�GHO�SDWyJHQR� D� SDUWLU� GH� WHMLGRV� HQIHUPRV��FRPR� SVHXGRWDOORV� R� FRUPRV� GHO� EDQDQR��(O� FUHFLPLHQWR� GHO� SDWyJHQR� VH� UHDOL]D�

VREUH�PHGLR�.RPDGD�H� LQFXEDU�D���� �&��(O�$'1�JHQyPLFR�WRWDO�VH�H[WUDH�GHO�FUH-FLPLHQWR�PLFHOLDU�R�HVSRUDV�PHGLDQWH�XQ�VLVWHPD� GH� SXULÀFDFLyQ� GH� $'1�:L]DUG��3URPHJD�� 0DGLVRV�� 86$�� �:DDOZLMN�� et

al���������

(O�JHQ�7()���_�\�OD�UHJLyQ�,*6�SXHGHQ�VHU� VHFXHQFLDGRV� PHGLDQWH� HO� XVR� GH�SULPHUV�� )RF75��)� ����&$&*777$-$**7*&&$7*$*$*����� \� )RF75��5��� � �*&&$**$&7*&&7&*7*$��� ��)2&75���2�'RQQHOO��et al���������'LWD��et

al���������

MEDIDAS FITOSANITARIAS

Esquema de Vigilancia Epidemiológica Fitosanitaria

&RQ�HO�ÀQ�GH�GHWHFWDU�GH�PDQHUD�RSRUWXQD�D�OD�PDO�GH�3DQDPi��OD�'LUHFFLyQ�*HQHUDO�GH�6DQLGDG�9HJHWDO��'*69���D�WUDYpV�GHO�3URJUDPD�1DFLRQDO�GH�9LJLODQFLD�(SLGH-PLROyJLFD�)LWRVDQLWDULD��39()���UHDOL]DQ�DFFLRQHV�SDUD� OD�GHWHFFLyQ� WHPSUDQD�GH�HVWD� SODJD� HQ� HQWLGDGHV� R� UHJLRQHV� FRQ�HOHYDGR� QLYHO� GH� ULHVJR� HSLGHPLROyJL-FR�� ODV� FXDOHV� VRQ�� iUHDV� GH� H[SORUDFLyQ�\� UXWDV� GH� YLJLODQFLD�� HVWDEOHFLGDV� HV-WUDWpJLFDPHQWH�HQ�EDVH�D�OD�GLVWULEXFLyQ�\� VXSHUÀFLH� VHPEUDGD� GH� KRVSHGDQWHV��HWDSDV� IHQROyJLFDV� LQGXFWLYDV�� FRQGL-FLRQHV�FOLPiWLFDV�LQGXFWLYDV��ELRORJtD�GH�OD�SODJD��UXWDV�GH�FRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQ�\�YtDV�GH�FRPXQLFDFLyQ��'*69�&15)��������

15MAL DE PANAMÁ 2013FICHA TÉCNICA NO. 2

CONTENIDO

$OHUWD�ÀWRVDQLWDULD

(Q�DGLFLyQ�D�ODV�DFFLRQHV�GHO�3URJUDPD�GH�9LJLODQFLD� (SLGHPLROyJLFD� )LWRVDQLWDULD�SDUD� OD� GHWHFFLyQ� RSRUWXQD� GH� IRFRV�� OD�'*69� KD� SXHVWR� D� GLVSRVLFLyQ� OD� FRPX-QLFDFLyQ� S~EOLFD� PHGLDQWH� HO� WHOpIRQR��������������������������\�HO�FRUUHR�HOHFWUyQLFRDOHUWD�ÀWRVDQLWDULD#VHQDVLFD�JRE�P[

Exclusión

/D� H[FOXVLyQ� GH� SDWyJHQRV� GH� iUHDV� GH�SURGXFFLyQ�SXHGH�VHU�GLItFLO�SHUR�HV�OD�HV-WUDWHJLD�FRQ�PHMRU�UHODFLyQ�FRVWR�EHQHÀFLR�SDUD� HO� PDQHMR� GH� HVWD� HQIHUPHGDG�� /D�GHWHFFLyQ� WHPSUDQD� \� DGHFXDGD� LGHQWLÀ-FDFLyQ� GHO� SDWyJHQR�� VRQ� ORV� SULQFLSDOHV�SDVRV� SDUD� OD� H[FOXVLyQ�� DGHPiV�� OD� FHU-WLÀFDFLyQ� GHO� HVWDWXV� OLEUH� GHO� SDWyJHQR�\� HO� PDQHMR� VHJXUR� GHO� JHUPRSODVPD��/DV� FXDUHQWHQDV� VRQ� XQD� LPSRUWDQWH�HVWUDWHJLD� GH� GHIHQVD� FRQWUD� HO� PRYL-PLHQWR�GH�SDWyJHQRV�LPSRUWDGRV��HQ�HVWH�VHQWLGR�PXFKRV�SDtVHV�WLHQHQ�XQD�OLVWD�GH�SDWyJHQRV�\�SODQWDV�SURKLELGRV�R�UHVWULQ-JLGDV��6LQ�HPEDUJR��HVWDV�QRUPDV�QR�VRQ�VXÀFLHQWHV� SDUD�PDQWHQHU�XQ� iUHD� OLEUH�GH�OD�SODJD��3RU�HMHPSOR��OD�GLVHPLQDFLyQ�GH�HVWH�SDWyJHQR�HQ�$VLD�HV�XQ�HMHPSOR�GHO�PRYLPLHQWR�FRQWLQXR�GH�XQ�SUREOHPD�LP-SRUWDQWH��D�SHVDU�GH�JHQHUDU�XQD�FRQFLHQ-FLD�JHQHUDO�HQ�OD�UHJLyQ�VREUH�OD�VHULHGDG�\�DOFDQFH�GHO�SUREOHPD�

Regulatorias

Control legal

$�QLYHO�QDFLRQDO��OD�UHJXODFLyQ�GHO�PDO�GH�3DQDPi�VH�UHDOL]D�D�WUDYpV�GH�OD�120�����),72�������SRU�OD�TXH�VH�HVWDEOHFH�OD�FXDUHQWHQD�H[WHULRU�SDUD�SUHYHQLU� OD� LQ-WURGXFFLyQ� GH� SODJDV� GHO� SOiWDQR� �'2)��������

/RV� SURFHGLPLHQWRV� GH� H[FOXVLyQ� \�FXDUHQWHQD�VRQ�HIHFWLYRV�SDUD�FRQWURODU�OD� HQIHUPHGDG� SXHVWR� TXH� UHVWULQJH�HO� PRYLPLHQWR� GH� FRUPRV�� KLMXHORV� \�VXHOR��TXH�SRGUtDQ�WUDQVSRUWDU�DO�PDO�GH�3DQDPi�GH� UHJLRQHV� LQIHVWDGDV� D� iUHDV�OLEUHV��0RRUH�et al���������

Erradicación

/D�HUUDGLFDFLyQ�GH�XQ�SDWyJHQR�HV�SRU�OR�JHQHUDO�PX\�GLItFLO��\�QR�H[LVWHQ�HMHPSORV�H[LWRVRV� GH� HUUDGLFDFLyQ� GH� KRQJRV� À-WRSDWyJHQRV� GHO� VXHOR� HQ� iUHDV� LQIHV-WDGDV� LQLFLDOPHQWH�� /D� HUUDGLFDFLyQ� GH�)2&� 57�� SRGUtD� VHU�PX\� GLItFLO� \D� TXH�HO�KRQJR�VREUHYLYH�SRU�GpFDGDV�HQ�VXHORV�LQIHVWDGRV�� GHELGR� D� OD� IRUPDFLyQ� GH�FODPLGRVSRUDV� IXHUWHV� \� VX�DSWLWXG�SDUD�LQIHFWDU�D�PDOH]DV�KRVSHGDQWHV�DOWHUQDV�TXH�QR�GHVDUUROODQ�VtQWRPDV��VLQ�HPEDUJR�SHUSHW~DQ� DO� SDWyJHQR� HQ� DXVHQFLD� GHO�banano.

16MAL DE PANAMÁ 2013FICHA TÉCNICA NO. 2

CONTENIDO

Protección

Control cultural

8VR� GH� 9LWURSODQWDV�� 3XHVWR� TXH� HO�SDWyJHQR�VH�GLVHPLQD�PHGLDQWH�HO�XVR�GH�FRUPRV�HQIHUPRV��OD�SURGXFFLyQ�GH�EDQDQR�GHEH� VXVWHQWDUVH� HQ� HO� XVR� GH� SOiQWXODV�SURYHQLHQWHV�GH� FXOWLYR�GH� WHMLGRV�� VREUH�WRGR�DO�HVWDEOHFHU�QXHYDV�iUHDV�GH�FXOWLYR�

5RWDFLyQ�GH�FXOWLYRV��&RQ�HO�REMHWLYR�GH�UHGXFLU� OD� FDQWLGDG� GH� LQyFXOR�� HQ� $VLD��HO� FXOWLYR� GH� EDQDQR� &DYHQGLVK�� HQDQR�JLJDQWH��VH�URWD�SRU���DxRV�FRQ�FXOWLYRV�GH�FDVVDYD��DUUR]��SLxD��\�SDSD\D� �%XGGHQ-KDJHQ��������

5HDOL]DU� SUiFWLFDV� DJURQyPLFDV� TXH�QR� GDxHQ� HO� VLVWHPD� UDGLFXODU� GH� ODV�SODQWDV��SRU�HO�FRQWUDULR�TXH�IDYRUH]FDQ�HO�GHVDUUROOR�GH�ODV�PLVPDV��PHGLDQWH�HO�XVR�GH�PXOFK�GH�UHVLGXRV�GH�FRVHFKD�GHO�FXOWLYR�GH�EDQDQR�

5HDOL]DU�GUHQHV�SURIXQGRV�TXH�IDFLOLWH�HO� GUHQDMH� GH� ORV� VXHORV�� PLWLJDQGR� ODV�FRQGLFLRQHV� TXH� IDYRUH]FDQ� HO� GHVDUUROOR�GH�)2&�57��

Contro biológico

Lian et al�����������UHSRUWDQ�HO�SRWHQFLDO�GH�EDFWHULDV�HQGRItWLFDV�HQ�HO�FRQWURO�GH�Fusarium oxysporum� I�� VS�� cubense. En HVWH�VHQWLGR��HO�DQiOLVLV�GH�FRPXQLGDGHV�GHPRVWUy�XQ�LQFUHPHQWR�HQ�OD�GLYHUVLGDG�

EDFWHULDO�HQ�SODQWDV�LQIHFWDGDV�SRU�)2&�HQ�FRPSDUDFLyQ�D�ODV�SODQWDV�FRQWURO��/D�HVSHFLHV� EDFWHULDOHV� SUHVHQWHV� IXHURQ��Bacillus�VSS��\�Pseudomonas�VS��/RV�UH-VXOWDGRV� GH� HVWH� HVWXGLR�� PXHVWUDQ� XQ�XVR� SRWHQFLDO� GH� EDFWHULDV� DQWDJyQLFDV�HQGRItWLFDV�HQ�HO�FRQWURO�GH�)2&�57��

Control genético

/D�UHVLVWHQFLD�QDWXUDO�GH�ODV�SODQWDV�GH�EDQDQR�D�HQIHUPHGDGHV�H[LVWH�HQ�PDWHUL-DOHV�VLOYHVWUHV��SHUR�HVWRV�EDQDQRV�QR�VRQ�DFHSWDGRV�HQ�HO�PHUFDGR�GH�ORV�EDQDQRV�GHO�JUXSR�&DYHQGLVK��'H�$VFHQVDR�\�'XEHU\��������HQFRQWUDURQ�HQ�SODQWDV�EDQDQR�FY�*ROGÀQJHU��$$$%��XQ�IRUWDOHFLPLHQWR�GH�OD�SDUHG�FHOXODU�GHELGR�D�OD�GHSRVLFLyQ�GH�OLJQLQD� FRPR� XQ� PHFDQLVPR� GH� GHIHQVD�LQGXFLGD�GH� ODV� UDtFHV� GH� EDQDQR� FRQWUD�)2&� 57��� 9DQ� 'HQ� %HUJ� \� FRODERUD-GRUHV� ������� UHSRUWy� XQD� VHOHFFLyQ� GH�EDQDQR�JUXSR�FDYHQGLVK��*&7&9�������OD�FXDO�SUHVHQWy�XQD�PHQRU� LQFLGHQFLD�\� VHYHULGDG�GH�)2&�57�� HQ� UHODFLyQ�D�XQ� FXOWLYDU� :LOOLDPV� VXVFHSWLEOH�� /D�WROHUDQFLD� GH� *&7&9����� VH� UHODFLRQy�FRQ�OD�LQGXFFLyQ�DO�LQFUHPHQWR�GH�OD�SDUHG�FHOXODU� DVRFLDGR� D� FRPSXHVWRV� IHQyOLFRV��(O� DQiOLVLV� PROHFXODU� GH� IUDJPHQWRV� GH�JHQHV�� LQYROXFUDQ� D� JHQHV� UHODFLRQDGRV�FRQ�HO�JURVRU�GH�OD�SDUHG�FHOXODU�

'H� OD� &UX]� \� FRODERUDGRUHV� �������UHSRUWDQ� TXH� GHULYDGR� GH� XQD� UHG� GH�SURJUDPDV� GH� PHMRUDPLHQWR� GH� OD� FR-ODERUDFLyQ� FRQ� %LRYHUVLW\� ,QWHUQDWLRQDO��

17MAL DE PANAMÁ 2013FICHA TÉCNICA NO. 2

CONTENIDO

)XQGDFLyQ� +RQGXUHxD� GH� ,QYHVWLJDFLyQ�$JUtFROD� �)+,$��� HO� &HQWUR� GH� ,QYHV-WLJDFLyQ� GH� $JULFXOWXUD� GH� )UDQFLD� GH�'HVDUUROOR� ,QWHUQDFLRQDO� �&,5$'��� HO�,QVWLWXWR� ,QWHUQDFLRQDO� GH� $JULFXOWXUD�7URSLFDO� �,,7$��\�HO�,QVWLWXWR�GH�,QYHVWL-JDFLyQ�GH�%DQDQD�GH�7DLZiQ� �7%5,��� VH�WLHQHQ�ODV�VLJXLHQWHV�YDULHGDGHV�

��)+,$���� �YDULHGDG� XWLOL]DGD� FRPR�SRVWUH� FRQ� OLJHUR� VDERU� D�PDQ]DQD��GH�OXJDUHV�IUtRV���HV�UHVLVWHQWH�D�ODV�UD]DV���\���GH�Fusarium oxysporum I�� VS�� cubense �)2&��� DJHQWH� FDXVDO�GH�OD�PDUFKLWH]�SRU�Fusarium.

��&XOWLYDU� 5RVH�� UHVLVWHQWH� D� OD�PDUFKLWH]� SRU� )2&�� SHUR� QR� HV�FRPHUFLDO�

��*&7&9����� HV� DOWDPHQWH� UHVLV��WHQWH� )2&� UD]D� ��� SHUR� VXVFHSWLEOH�D� %%7'� �HQIHUPHGDG� GHO� FRJROOR�UDFLPRVR�GHO�EDQDQR��

��<DQJDPEL� .P� �� QR� HV� GH� LPSRU-WDQFLD� FRPHUFLDO�� VLQ� HPEDUJR�� HV�PRGHUDGDPHQWH� UHVLVWHQWH� D�%%7'�\� DOWDPHQWH� UHVLVWHQWH� D�PDUFKLWH]�GH�)2&��VLJDWRND�\�DO�QHPDWRGR�Ra-

dophulus similis.

Control Químico

$� QLYHO� in vitro� ORV� IXQJLFLGDV� SURFOR-UD]�\�SURSLFRQD]RO�LQKLEHQ�HO�FUHFLPLHQWR�

PLFHOLDU�GH�)2&��D���\����J�PO-1��UHVSHFWL-YDPHQWH��PLHQWUDV�TXH�DO�UHDOL]DU�DSOLFD-FLRQHV�D�ODV�UDtFHV�GH�EHQRPLO�\�IXQJLFLGDV�GHO�JUXSR�'0,�V�FRPR�LPLGD]ROHV��SURFOR-UD]��\� ORV�WULD]ROHV��SURSLFRQD]RO�\�F\SUR-FRQD]RO���UHGXFHQ�GH�PDQHUD�VLJQLÀFDWLYD�OD�VHYHULGDG�GH� OD�HQIHUPHGDG�1HO�et al����������

/RV� IXQJLFLGDV� HÀFLHQWHV�� FRPR� HO�SURSLFRQD]RO�� SXHGHQ� XWLOL]DUVH� EDMR� XQ�VLVWHPD� GH� SURWHFFLyQ� WHPSUDQD�� SXHVWR�TXH��HO�PD\RU�Q~PHUR�GH�FDVRV�GH�OD�HQ-IHUPHGDG� RFXUUHQ� GXUDQWH� ORV� SULPHURV�VHLV�PHVHV��'H�LJXDO�IRUPD��OD�LQPHUVLyQ�GH� UDtFHV� FRQ� IXQJLFLGDV� GHEH� UHDOL]DUVH�GXUDQWH�OD�HWDSD�GH�YLYHUR�GH�ODV�SOiQWXODV��%XGGHQKDJHQ��������

(O�FRQWURO�TXtPLFR�SXHGH�VHU�FRPELQDGR�FRQ� SURGXFWRV� GH� FRQWURO� ELROyJLFR�� HQ�HVWH� VHQWLGR�� ORV� IXQJLFLGDV� SXHGHQ�VHU� DSOLFDGRV� D� ODV� SODQWDV� GH� EDQDQR�PHGLDQWH� KXPHGHFLPLHQWRV� GLULJLGRV� DO�VXHOR�R�LQ\HFFLRQHV�DO�VLVWHPD�UDGLFXODU�

5HVSHFWR� DO� PDQHMR� GH� VXSHUÀFLHV��ODV� VDOHV� FXDWHUQDULDV� GH� DPRQLR�� VRQ�HIHFWLYDV� D� EDMDV� FRQFHQWUDFLRQHV� \� GH�UiSLGD� DFFLyQ� FRQWUD� FRQLGLRV� GH� )2&�57��� ODV� FXDOHV� DGHPiV� SXHGHQ� VHU� XWL-OL]DGDV� SDUD� OD� GHVLQIHFFLyQ� GH� HTXLSRV��PDTXLQDULD�� KHUUDPLHQWDV�� \� HQ� WDSHWHV�ÀWRVDQLWDULRV� �1HO�et al����������$GLFLRQDO-PHQWH�� ODV� VDOHV� FXDWHUQDULDV�GH�DPRQLR�VRQ�UHODWLYDPHQWH�EDUDWDV��QR�WR[LFDV��QR�FRUURVLYDV�\�DPELHQWDOPHQWH�DPLJDEOHV�

18MAL DE PANAMÁ 2013FICHA TÉCNICA NO. 2

CONTENIDO

Manejo integrado de la enfermedad

/D�SUHYHQFLyQ�\�PDQHMR�GH�OD�PDUFKLWH]�SRU�)2&�57��LPSOLFD�OD�DSOLFDFLyQ�YDULDV�HVWUDWHJLDV�

D�� 'HWHFFLyQ� WHPSUDQD� GHO� SDWyJHQR�\� HUUDGLFDFLyQ�GH� WHMLGRV� HQIHUPRV�PHGLDQWH�LQFLQHUDFLyQ�

E�� 3UHYHQFLyQ� GH� OD� GLVHPLQDFLyQ�PHGLDQWH� OD� LPSOHPHQWDFLyQ� GH�FXDUHQWHQDV�� \� XQD� YH]� GHQWUR�GH� XQD� UHJLyQ� GHWHUPLQDGD�� XVDU�WDSHWHV�ÀWRVDQLWDULRV��

F�� ,PSOHPHQWDFLyQ� GH� VLVWHPDV� GH�FXOWLYRV�

G��8VR� GH� FXOWLYDUHV� GH� EDQDQR� UHVLV-WHQWHV�FRPR�*&7&9������0ROLQD�et

al���������

/D� LQWHJUDFLyQ� GHO� ELRFRQWURO�� FRPR�HV� HO� XVR� GH�Trichoderma harzianum e LQRFXODFLyQ� GH� FHSDV� HQGRItWLFDV� QR� SD-WRJpQLFDV� GH� Fusarium oxysporum�� FRQ�SUiFWLFDV� DJURQyPLFDV�� XVR� GH� PXOFK� R�FXELHUWDV�GH�UHVLGXRV�GH�FRVHFKD��SXHGH�LQFUHPHQWDU� OD� HÀFDFLD� GH� ORV� RUJD��QLVPRV� GH� ELRFRQWURO� GH� )2&� 57�� \� OD�VDQLGDG�GH�ODV�SODQWDV�GH�EDQDQR��(Q�HO�FDVR� GHO�PXOFK�� LQFUHPHQWD� HO� GHVDUUROOR�GH�UDtFHV�VHFXQGDULDV��JHQHUD�XQ�DPELHQWH�SURSLFLR�SDUD�HO�LQFUHPHQWR�GH�OD�DFWLYLGDG�

PLFURELDO� HQ� HO� VXHOR� �.LGDQH� \� /DLQQJ���������(O�GHVDUUROOR�GH�PHGLGDV�SURÀOiFWL-FDV�HV�OD�EDVH�SDUD�HYLWDU�OD�GLVHPLQDFLyQ�GH�)2&�57��

BIBLIOGRAFÍA

Arroyo��+�$���&DEUHUD�&�-���*DOiQ�6�9���*DUFtD�3�-�� \�+HUQiQGH]�+�-�� ������(O� 0DO� GH� 3DQDPi�� UHFRPHQGD-FLRQHV� WpFQLFDV�SDUD�HO� FXOWLYR�GH� OD�SODWDQHUD�HQ�&DQDULDV��3XEOLFDFLRQHV�GH� OD� 6HFUHWDUtD� *HQHUDO� 7pFQLFD��6�/�� *RELHUQR� GH� &DQDULDV�� &RQVH-MHUtD�GH�$JULFXOWXUD�\�$OLPHQWDFLyQ��6DQWD�&UX]�GH�7HQHULIH��&DQDULDV�����SiJ�

Batlle�� 9�$�� \� 3pUH]�� 9�/�� ������ 9DULD��ELOLGDG� JHQpWLFD� GH� ODV� SREODFLRQHV�GH�Fusarium oxysporum�I�VS��cubense HQ�EDQDQRV�\�SOiWDQRV�GH�&XED��5HY��)LWRVDQLGDG�� YRO����� Q���� VHSWLHPEUH�2009.

Buddenhagen� ,�� ������ 8QGHUVWDDQ-GLQJ� VWUDLQ� GLYHUVLW\� LQ� Fusarium

oxysporum�I��VS��cubense�DQG�KLVWRU\�RI�LQWURGXFWLRQ�RI�7URSLFDO�UDFH����WR�EHWWHU� PDQDJH� EDQDQD� SURGXFWLRQ��$FWD�+RUW��������������

CIPF. ������ &RQYHQFLyQ� ,QWHUQDFLRQDO�GH� 3URWHFFLyQ� )LWRVDQLWDULD�� 1,0)�Q���� 'HWHUPLQDFLyQ� GH� OD� VLWXDFLyQ�GH�XQD�SODJD�HQ�XQ�iUHD��)$2��5RPD�

19MAL DE PANAMÁ 2013FICHA TÉCNICA NO. 2

CONTENIDO

Cook��5�-��\�%DNHU�.�)��������7KH�QDWXUH�DQG� SUDFWLFH� RI� ELRORJLFDO� FRQWURO�RI� SODQW� SDWKRJHQV�� 7KH� $PHULFDQ�3K\WRSDWKRORJLFDO�6RFHLW\��6W��3DXO��01��86$�����SS�

CONACyT.� ������ &RQVHMR� 1DFLRQDO� GH�&LHQFLD� \� 7HFQRORJtD�� 3URGXFFLyQ�EDQDQHUD� HQ� 0p[LFR�� &RQVXOWDGR�HQ� OtQHD� HO� �� GH�0DU]R�GH������ HQ��KWWS���ZZZ�FRQDF\W�P[�FRPXQLFD-FLRQ�UHYLVWD�����$UWLFXORV�6LJDWR-ND1HJUD�6LJDWRND��KWPO

Davis�5�� ������)XVDULXP�ZLOW� �3DQDPD�GLVHDVH�� RI� EDQDQD�� 3HVW� $GYLVRU\�/HDÁHW� 1R� ���� 6HFUHWDULDW� RI� WKH�3DFLÀF�&RPPXQLW\��2FHDQLD�

De Ascensao��$�5���\�'XEHU\��,�$��������3DQDPD�'LVHDVH��&HOO�:DOO�5HLQIRUFH-PHQW�LQ�%DQDQD�5RRWV�LQ�5HVSRQVH�WR�(OLFLWRUV� IURP�Fusarium oxysporum I�� VS�� cubense� 5DFH� )RXU�� 3K\WRSD-WKRORJ\�������2FW�����������������

De Beer��=���+HUQiQGH]�-��0��\�6DEDGHO�6�� ������ (QIHUPHGDGHV� GH� 0XVD��+RMD�GLYXOJDWLYD�1R�����(QIHUPHGDG�GHO�)DOVR�PDO�GH�3DQDPi�HQ�EDQDQR��5HG� ,QWHUQDFLRQDO� SDUD� HO� 0HMRUD-PLHQWR� GHO� %DQDQR� \� HO� 3OiWDQR��)UDQFLD��&RQVXOWDGR�HQ�OtQHD�HO���GH�PDU]R� GH� ����� HQ�� KWWS���EDQDQDV�ELRYHUVLW\LQWHUQDWLRQDO�RUJ�ILOHV�ÀOHV�SGI�SXEOLFDWLRQV�GLVHDVH�VS�SGI

De la Cruz�)�6���*XHFR��/�6���'DPDVFR��2�3���+XHOJDV��9�&���'H�OD�&XHYD��)�0���'L]RQ��7�2���6LVRQ��0�/��%DQDVLKDQ��,�*��� 6LQLKLQ�� 9�2�� \� 0ROLQD�� $�%�������� )DUPHUV·� +DQGERRN� RQ� ,QWUR-GXFHG� DQG� /RFDO� %DQDQD� &XOWLYDUV�LQ� WKH�3KLOLSSLQHV��%LRYHUVLW\� ,QWHU-QDWLRQDO��5RPH��,WDO\�����SS�

DGSV-CNRF�� ������/LQHDPLHQWRV�SDUD�OD�HODERUDFLyQ��UHYLVLyQ��GLFWDPHQ�GH�ORV� SURJUDPDV� GH� WUDEDMR� \� HVWUDWH-JLDV� GH� 9LJLODQFLD� (SLGHPLROyJLFD�)LWRVDQLWDULD�� 'LUHFFLyQ� *HQHUDO� GH�6DQLGDG�9HJHWDO�&HQWUR�1DFLRQDO�GH�5HIHUHQFLD�)LWRVDQLWDULD�

Dita�� 0�$��� :DDOZLMN�� &��� %XGGHQKD-JHQ�� ,�:��� 6RX]D��0�� 7�� \�.HPD��*��+�-�� ������ $� PROHFXODU� GLDJQRV-WLF� IRU� WURSLFDO� UDFH���RI� WKH�EDQDQD�)XVDULXP� ZLOW� SDWKRJHQ�� 3ODQW�3DWKRORJ\�������������

DOF��������'LDULR�2ÀFLDO�GH�OD�)HGHUDFLyQ��1RUPD� 2ÀFLDO� 0H[LFDQD� 120�����),72�������3RU�OD�TXH�VH�HVWDEOHFH�OD�FXDUHQWHQD�H[WHULRU�SDUD�SUHYHQLU�OD�LQWURGXFFLyQ� GH� SODJDV� GHO� SOiWDQR��3XEOLFDGD� HO� OXQHV����GH�QRYLHPEUH�GH������

EPPO�� ������ (XURSHDQ� DQG� 0HGLWHUUD-QHDQ� 3ODQW� 3URWHFWLRQ� 2UJDQL]DWLRQ�5HSRUWLQJ� 6HUYLFH�� 3DULV�� )UDQFH��(332�

20MAL DE PANAMÁ 2013FICHA TÉCNICA NO. 2

CONTENIDO

FAO��������)RRG�DQG�$JULFXOWXUH�2UJD-QL]DWLRQ�RI�WKH�8QLWHG�1DWLRQV��3ULQ-FLSDOHV� HQIHUPHGDGHV� GHO� EDQDQR� \�HO� SOiWDQR�� LQIRUPDFLyQ� DFWXDOL]D-GD� VREUH� VX� SURSDJDFLyQ�� HIHFWRV� \�HVWUDWHJLDV� GH� UHVSXHVWD�� 5HXQLyQ�FRQMXQWD� GHO� 6XEJUXSR� VREUH� HO�%DQDQR� HQ� VX� FXDUWD� UHXQLyQ� \� GHO�6XEJUXSR�VREUH�)UXWDV�7URSLFDOHV�HQ�VX� TXLQWD� UHXQLyQ�� 2UJDQL]DFLyQ� GH�ODV�1DFLRQHV�8QLGDV�SDUD�OD�$JULFXO-WXUD�\�OD�$OLPHQWDFLyQ�

Gloenewald�� 6��� 9DQ� 'HQ� %HUJ�� 1���0DUDVDV�� :�)��� \� 9LOMRHQ�� $�� ������7KH� DSSOLFDWLRQ� RI� KLJK� WKURXJKSXW�$)/3V�LQ�DVVHVVLQJ�JHQHWLF�GLYHUVLW\�in Fusarium oxysporum�I��VS��cubense. 0\FRORJLFDO�UHVHDUFK���������������

Kidane� (�*�� \� /DLQJ� 0�'�� ������ ,QWH-JUDWHG� &RQWURO� RI� )XVDULXP�:LOW� RI�EDQDQD� �0XVD� VSS��� LQ� 3URF�� ,&� RQ�%DQDQD�DQG�SODQWDLQ�LQ�$IULFD��$FWD�+RUW��������������

Leong�6�.���/WLIIDK�=���\�%DKDUXGGLQ�6�������� 0ROHFXODU� FKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ� RI�Fusarium oxysporum�I��VS��cubense RI�EDQDQD��$PHULFDQ�-RXUQDO�RI�$SSOLHG�VFLHQFHV�����������������

Leong�6�.���/WLIIDK�=���\�%DKDUXGGLQ�6��������*HQHWLF�GLYHUVLW\�RI�Fusarium

oxysporum� I�� VS�� cubense� LVRODWHV�IURP� 0DOD\VLD�� $IU�� -�� 0LFURELRO��5HV�������������������

Lian� -��� :DQJ� =��� \� =KRX� 6�� ������5HVSRQVH� RI� HQGRSK\WLF� EDFWHULDO�FRPPXQLWLHV� LQ� EDQDQD� WLVVXH�FXOWXUH� SODQWOHWV� WR� )XVDULXP� ZLOW�SDWKRJHQ� LQIHFWLRQ�� -�� *HQ�� $SSO��0LFURELRO�������������

Molina��$��������)XVDULXP�ZLOW�RI�EDQDQD��5HQHZHG� WKUHDW� DQG� UHQHZHG� 5'�,QWHUHVW�

Molina��$�%��)DEUHJDU�(���6LQRKLQ�9�*���<L�*���\�9LO�MRHQ�$��������5HFHQW�2F-FXUUHQFH� RI� Fusarium oxysporum� I��VS��cubense�7URSLFDO�5DFH��� LQ�$VLD��$FWD�+RUW���������������

Molina�$�%���6LQRKLQ�9�*��� DQG�%DURxD�0�/��-��������6WDWXV�RI�7URSLFDO�UDFH���RI�3DQDPD�:LOW�LQ�$VLD��%LRYHUVLW\�,QWHUQDWLRQDO�

Moore�� 1�<��� %HQWOH\�� 6��� 3HJJ�� .�*��\� -RQHV� '�5�� ������ Fusarium� ZLOW�RI� EDQDQD�� ,Q�� 0XVD� 'LVHDVH� )DFW�6KHHW� 1���� ,QWHUQDWLRQDO� 1HWZRUN�IRU� WKH� ,PSURYHPHQW� RI� %DQDQDQ�DQG�3ODQWDLQ��,1,%$3���0RQWSHOOLHU��&HGH[����)UDQFH����SDJH�

Nel�%���6WHLQEHUJ�&���/DEXVFKDJQH�1���\�9LOMRHQ� $�� ������ (YDOXDWLRQ� RI� IXQ-JLFLGHV� DQG� VWHULODQWV� IRU� SRWHQWLDO�DSSOLFDWLRQ� LQ� WKH� PDQDJHPHQW� RI�Fusarium�ZLOW� RI�EDQDQD��&URS�SUR-WHFWLRQ������������

21MAL DE PANAMÁ 2013FICHA TÉCNICA NO. 2

CONTENIDO

Nelson��3�(���7RXVVRQ��7�$���\�&RRN��5�-��1981. Fusarium��GLVHDVHV��ELRORJ\�DQG�WD[RQRP\� �7KH� 3HQQV\OYDQLD� 6WDWH�8QLYHUVLW\��3HQQV\OYDQLD�6WDWH��

O´Donnell� .��� *XHLGDQ� &��� 6LQN� 6���-RKQVWRQ� 3�5��� &URXV� 3�:��� *OHQQ�$���5LOH\�.���=LWRPHU�1�&���&RO\HU�3���:DDZLMN�&���9DQ�GHU�/�7���0RUHWWL�$���.DQJ�6���.LP�+�6���*HLVHU�'�0���-XED�-�+��� %DD\HQ� 5�3��� &URPH\� 0�*���%LWKHOO� 6��� 6XWWRQ� '�$��� 6NRYJDDUG�.���3ORHW]�5���.LVWOHU�+�&���(OOLRW�0���'DYLV� 0��� \� 6DUYHU� %�� $�-�� ������ $�WZR�ORFXV�'1$�VHTXHQFH�GDWDEDVH�IRU�W\SLQJ� SODQW� DQG� KXPDQ� SDWKRJHQV�ZLWKLQ� WKH� Fusarium oxysporum VSHFLHV�FRPSOH[��)XQJDO�JHQHWLFV�DQG�ELRORJ\�������������

OIRSA� ������ 2UJDQLVPR� ,QWHUQDFLRQDO�5HJLRQDO� GH� 6DQLGDG� $JURSHFXD��ULD� �2,56$��� $PpULFD� /DWLQD� GLVFXWH�SURJUDPD�SDUD�OD�SURWHFFLyQ�GHO�FXOWLYR�GHO� EDQDQR� \� SOiWDQR��0LUDGRU�$JUR-VDQLWDULR��1R�����6HSWLHPEUH�������6DQ�6DOYDGRU��(O�6DOYDGRU�����SiJ�

Pegg�� .�� &��0RRUH��1�� <�� \� %HQWOH\�� 6��1996. Fusarium� ZLOW� RI� QDQD� LQ�$XVWUDOLD�� D� UHYLHZ�� $XVWU�� -� $JULF��5HV�����������

Ploetz�� 5�&�� ������ )XVDULXP� ZLOW� RI�EDQDQD�LV�FDXVHG�E\�VHYHUDO�SDWKRJHQV�UHIHUUHG� WR� DV� Fusarium oxysporum

I�� VS�� cubense�� 3K\WRSKDWKRORJ\� ����653-656.

Ploetz��5�&���\�3HJJ��.��&��������Fusarium ZLOW�� ,Q�'�5�-RQHU� �(G���'LVHDVHV�RI�EDQDQD�� DEDFD� DQG� HQVHW�� 3S� ���� ²������:DOOLQJIRUG��&$%,�

Ploetz�� 5�&�� \� &KXUFKLOO� $�&�/�� ������Fusarium� ZLOW�� WKH� EDQDQD� GLVHDVH�WKDW� UHIXVHV� WR� JR� DZD\��$FWD�+RUW��������������

Raguchander�� 7��� -D\DVKUHH�� .��� \�6DPL\DSSDQ�� 5�� ������0DQDJHPHQW�RI�)XVDULXP�ZLOW�RI�EDQDQD�XVLQJ�DQ-WDJRQLVWLF� PLFURRUJDQLVPV�� -�� %LRO��&RQWURO�������������

Sabadell��6��*��������(WLRORJtD�\�HSLGH-PLRORJtD�GHO�´)DOVR�PDO�GH�3DQDPiµ�GH� OD� SODWDQHUD� HQ� &DQDULDV�� 8QL-YHUVLGDG� $XWyQRPD� GH� %DUFHORQD��%DUFHORQD��(VSDxD������S�

SIAP�� ������ 6HUYLFLR� GH� ,QIRUPDFLyQ�$JURDOLPHQWDULD�\�3HVTXHUD��6HUYLFLR�GH� ,QIRUPDFLyQ� $JURDOLPHQWDULD� \�3HVTXHUD��6,$3���&RQVXOWDGR�HQ�OtQHD�HO����GH�DEULO�GH������HQ��KWWS���ZZZ�VLDS�JRE�P[

SINAVEF�/D1*,)�� ������ 6LVWHPD�1DFLRQDO� GH� 9LJLODQFLD� (SLGHPL-ROyJLFD� )LWRVDQLWDULD�/DERUDWRULR�1DFLRQDO� GH� *HRSURFHVDPLHQWR� GH�

22MAL DE PANAMÁ 2013FICHA TÉCNICA NO. 2

CONTENIDO

,QIRUPDFLyQ� )LWRVDQLWDULD� &RRUGL-QDFLyQ� SDUD� OD� ,QQRYDFLyQ� \� $SOL-FDFLyQ�GH� OD�&LHQFLD�\� OD�7HFQRORJtD�8QLYHUVLGDG�$XWyQRPD�GH�6DQ�/XLV�3RWRVt�� (Q� OtQHD�� KWWS���ODQJLI�XDVOS��P[�

Stansbury� &���0F.LUG\� 6��� \� 3RZHU�*�������� )DFWVKHHW�1R�� ���� &RQVXOWDGR�HQ�OtQHD�HO����GH�MXOLR�HQ��ZZZ�DJULF�ZD�JRY�DX

Stover�� 5�+�� ������ %DQDQD� 5RRW�'LVHDVHV� &DXVHG� E\� Fusarium

oxysporum I��VS��cubense��Pseudomo-

nas solanacearum��DQG�Radopholus

similis��$�&RPSDUDWLYH�VWXG\�RI�/LIH�&\FOHV�LQ�5HODWLRQ�WR�&RQWURO��,Q�,Q-WHUQDWLRQDO� 6\PSRVLXP� RQ� )DFWRUV�'HWHUPLQLQJ� WKH� %HKDYLRU� RI� 3ODQW�3DWKRJHQV� LQ� 6RLO�� ������� /RQGRQ��(QJODQG��� ������ 3URFHHGLQJV�� (GV��7�$�� 7RXVVRXQ�� 5�9�� %HJD�� 3�(���1HOVRQ�� /RV� $QJHOHV�� /RQGRQ�� 8QL-YHUVLW\�RI�&DOLIRUQLD������S�

Stover��5�+��\�0DOR��6�(��������7KH�RFFXU-UHQFH�RI�)XVDULXP�ZLOW� LQ�QRUPDOO\�UHVLVWDQFH�GZDUI�&DYHQGLVK�EDQDQD��3ODQW� GLVHDVH� UHSRUWHU�� ���� �����1003.

Stover�� 5�+�� ������ )XVDULXP� ZLOW� RI�EDQDQD�� VRPH� KLVWRU\� DQG� FXUUHQW�VWDWXV�RI�WKH�GLVHDVH��,Q��3ORHW]�5&��HG�� )XVDULXP� ZLOW� RI� EDQDQDV�� 6W�3DXO��01��86$��$36�3UHVV������

Thurston�� +�'�� ������ (QIHUPHGDGHV�GH� FXOWLYRV� HQ� HO� WUySLFR�� &HQWUR�$JURQyPLFR�7URSLFDO�GH�,QYHVWLJDFLyQ�\� (QVHxDQ]D� �&$7,(��� 7XUULDOED��&RVWD�5LFD��3iJ����������

Van� 'HQ� %HUJ� 1��� %HUJHU� '�� 9��� +HLQ�,��� %LUFK� 3�� 5�� -�� :LQJÀHOG� 0�� DQG�9LOMRHQ�$��������7ROHUDQFH�LQ�EDQDQD�WR�)XVDULXP�ZLOW� LV� DVVRFLDWHG�ZLWK�HDUO\� XSUHJXODWLRQ� RI� FHOO� ZDOO-VWUHQJWKHQLQJ� JHQHV� LQ� WKH� URRWV��0ROHFXODU� SODQW� SDWKRORJ\� ������333-341.

Waalwijk� &��� 'LWD� 0�$��� %XGGHQKDJHQ�,��� 3DLYD� /�9��� 6RX]D�0�7��� \� .HPD�*�+�-��������$�GHWHFWLRQ�PHWKRG�IRU�WURSLFDO� UDFH� �� RI� EDQDQD� SDWKRJHQ�Fusarium oxysporum� I�VS�� cubense. $FWD�+RUW���������������

Waite� %+�� ������:LOW� RI�+HOLFRQLD� VSS��FDXVHG�E\�Fusarium oxysporum�I��VS��cubense�5DFH����7URSLFDO�$JULFXOWXUH��7ULQLGDG��������������

23MAL DE PANAMÁ 2013FICHA TÉCNICA NO. 2

CONTENIDO

Forma recomendada de citar:

6(1$6,&$��������0DO�GH�3DQDPi�UD]D�4 (Fusarium oxysporum� I�� VS�� cubense UD]D� ���� 'LUHFFLyQ� *HQHUDO� GH� 6DQLGDG�9HJHWDO��6LVWHPD�1DFLRQDO�GH�9LJLODQFLD�(SLGHPLROyJLFD� )LWRVDQLWDULD�� 0p[LFR��'�)��)LFKD�7pFQLFD�1R��������S�

Coordinación:

0�&��-RVp�ÉEHO�/ySH]�%XHQÀODirector del CNRF,QJ��5LJREHUWR�*RQ]iOHV�*yPH]Coordinador Operativo del SINAVEF'U��*XVWDYR�0RUD�$JXLOHUDCoordinador de LANREF

Con la colaboración:

Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia Epidemiológica Fitosanitaria (LANREF)Colegio de Postgraduados (CP)0�&��)DELROD�(VTXLYHO�&KiYH],QJ��)UDQFLVFR�-DYLHU�0iUTXH]�3pUH]0�&��-RUJH�/XLV�)ORUHV�6iQFKH]0�&��6DQWLDJR�'RPtQJXH]�0RQJH,QJ��*HUDUGR�$FHYHGR�6iQFKHV

CNRF – Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica Fitosanitaria (SINAVEF),QJ��6RQLD�5Xt]�5RGUtJXH],QJ��0DULW]D�-XiUH]�'XUiQ'U��0RLVpV�5REHUWR�9DOOHMR�3pUH]

Revisión técnica:0�&��6DQWR�0RUDOHV�9LGDOCNRF

Corrección de estilo:'U��(GPXQGR�0DUWtQH]�5tRVDepartamento de Idiomas CP5RJHLR�'URPXQGR�6DOD]DUDepartamento de Difusión CM - CP

Diseño Editorial:'�&�9��/DXUD�;RFKLWO�$UULDJD�%HWDQ]RV�Departamento de Difusión CM - CP