fuel cycle of high temperature gas cooled reactors and the cost estimate of their electricity...
TRANSCRIPT
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Fuel Cycle of High Temperature Gas Cooled
Reactors and the Cost Estimate of Their Electricity
Production
Department of Nuclear Reactors
Evžen Losa
Innovative Nuclear Concepts, Liblice Workshop, April 10 – 13, 2012
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Content
Introduction Motivation Assumptions Recent HTGR concepts Input data Output data Conclusions
Department of Nuclear Reactors
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Introduction
The idea came in 50’s of the last century Common features:
o Graphite moderatoro Disperse fuelo Helium coolanto High temperature of fuel failureo Core with triangular lattice or stochastic formation
Knowledge of operation gained
Department of Nuclear Reactors
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Motivation
One of the GEN IV reactor type representative with near term deployment
Meets the GEN IV criteria set in 2002 Indefinite economic factors of operation published The cost of operation needs to be estimated for the
feasibility study
Department of Nuclear Reactors
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Assumptions
Costs of the front end of fuel cycle according the exchange spot prices (except fabrication)
Costs of the back end of fuel cycle same as for the LWRs
Investment and operation costs per MW output of the HTRs are the same as of the large LWRs (Yuliang S., HTR-PM Project Status and Test Program, IAEA TWG-GCR-22, 201)
The capacity factor on the level of 80 %
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Recent HTGR concepts
GT-MHRo Fuel enr. 15.5 %, burn-up 121 MWd/kg, Net el.
output 286 MW, net efficiency 48 %
PBMRo Fuel enr. 9.6 %, burn-up 92 MWd/kg, Net el. output
180 MW, net efficiency 45 %
HTR-PMo Fuel enr. 8.9 %, burn-up 90 MWd/kg, Net el. output
210 MW, net efficiency 42 %
Department of Nuclear Reactors
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Input data
Department of Nuclear Reactors
Parameter Unit Cost (2012 US$)
Front endU3O8 $/lb U3O8 51.00
Conversion $/kgU 6.50Enrichment $/SWU 135.00Fabrication
[PWR]$/kgU 260.37
Fabrication [BWR]
$/kgU 314.61
Fabrication [HTGR]
$/kgU 10,848.70
Back endSNF Storage $/kgHM 130.18SNF Pack. $/kgHM 100.89Reposition $/kgiHM 594.51
Reactor data
Fuel enr. [%]
Fuel burn-up
[MWd/kg]
Net el. power output
[MWe]
Thermal power output [MWt]
Plant net eff. [%]
HTGRGT-MHR 15.5 121 286 600 48PBMR 9.6 92 180 400 45HTR-PM 8.9 90 210 500 42PWRVVER-1000
4.25 43.4 1000 3000 33.3
Isar-2 4.4 55 1400 3900 35.9EPR 5 60 1600 4500 35.6AP-1000 4.8 60 1115 3415 32.7
MIR-1200 4.8 60 1114 3200 34.8
BWRBWR-72 (Gun-C)
4.6 50 1284 3840 33.4
ABWR (Kashiwazaki 7)
3.7 45 1315 3811 34.5
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Input data
Department of Nuclear Reactors
Parameter U3O8 Conversion EnrichmentReactor type Unit count/Cost 2012 US$GT-MHR 86.4/4,406.4 33.1/215,15 31.3/4,225.5PBMR 53.0/2,703.0 20.3/131.95 18.0/2,430.0HTR-PM 49.0/2,4099.0 18.8/122.2 16.4/2,214.0VVER-1000 (Temelin)
22.7/1,157.7 7.0/45.5 4.8/648.0
Isar-2 23.5/1,198.5 9.0/58.5 6.7/904.5EPR 26.9/1371.9 10.3/67.0 7.9/1,066.5AP-1000 25.8/1,315.8 9.9/64.35 7.5/1,012.5MIR-1200 25.8/1,315.8 9.9/64.35 7.5/1,012.5BWR-72 (Gun-C)
24.7/1,259.7 9.4/61.1 7.1/958.5
ABWR (Kashiwazaki 7)
19.6/999.6 7.5/48.8 5.2/702.0
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Output data
Department of Nuclear Reactors
Parameter Fuel Heat produced
Electricity produced
Reactor type US$/kg US$/MWh
GT-MHR 20,521.33 7.07 14.72
PBMR 16,939.23 7.67 17.05
HTR-PM 16,509.48 7.64 18.20
VVER-1000 (Temelin)
2,717.85 2.61 7.84
Isar-2 3,247.45 2.46 6.85
EPR 3,591.3 2.49 7.01
AP-1000 3,478.6 2.42 7.39
MIR-1200 3,478.6 2.42 6.94
BWR-72 (Gun-C) 3,419.49 2.85 8.53
ABWR (Kashiwazaki 7)
2,890.54 2.68 7.76
Parameter Fuel Heat produced
Electricity produced
Reactor type US$/kg US$/MWh
GT-MHR 9,672.63 3.33 6.94PBMR 6,090.53 2.76 6.13HTR-PM 5,660.78 2.62 6.24
VVER-1000 (Temelin)
2,457.48 2.36 7.09
Isar-2 2,987.08 2.26 6.30EPR 3,330.93 2.31 6.50AP-1000 3,218.23 2.23 6.83
MIR-12003,218.23 2.23 6.42
BWR-72 (Gun-C) 3,104.88 2.59 7.75
ABWR (Kashiwazaki 7) 2,575.93 2.39 6.91
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Output data
Department of Nuclear Reactors
Parameter U3O8 Conversion Enrichment Fabrication SNF Storage SNF Pack RepositionReactor
type Influence (with/without fabrication) in % per 10% parameter variation
GT-MHR 2.15 / 4.56 0.10 / 0.22 2.06 / 4.37 5.29 / NA 0.06 / 0.13 0.05 / 0.10 0.29 / 0.61
PBMR 1.60 / 4.44 0.08 / 0.22 1.43 / 3.99 6.40 / NA 0.08 / 0.21 0.06 / 0.17 0.35 / 0.98
HTR-PM 1.51 / 4.41 0.07 / 0.22 1.34 / 3.91 6.57 / NA 0.08 / 0.23 0.06 / 0.18 0.36 / 1.05
VVER-1000(Temelin)
3.45 / 3.82 0.17 / 0.19 2.38 / 2.64 0.96 / NA 0.48 / 0.53 0.37 / 0.41 2.19 / 2.42
Isar-2 3.69 / 4.01 0.18 / 0.20 2.79 / 3.03 0.80 / NA 0.40 / 0.44 0.31 / 0.34 1.83 / 1.99
EPR 3.82 / 4.12 0.19 / 0.20 2.97 / 3.20 0.73 / NA 0.36 /0.39 0.28 / 0.30 1.66 / 1.78
AP-1000 3.78 / 4.09 0.18 / 0.20 2.91 / 3.15 0.75 / NA 0.37 / 0.40 0.29 / 0.31 1.71 / 1.85
MIR-1200 3.78 / 4.09 0.18 / 0.20 2.91 / 3.15 0.75 / NA 0.37 / 0.40 0.29 / 0.31 1.71 / 1.85
BWR-72 (Gun-C) 3.68 / 4.06 0.18 / 0.20 2.80 / 3.09 0.92 / NA 0.38 / 0.42 0.30 / 0.32 1.74 / 1.91
ABWR (Kashiwazaki 7)
3.46 / 3.88 0.17 / 0.19 2.43 / 2.73 1.09 / NA 0.45 / 0.51 0.35 / 0.39 2.06 / 2.31
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Output data
Department of Nuclear Reactors
US$/MWhe
Capital 20.33
Operations 10.16
Fuel cycle see Tab. 2
Decommissioning 0.31
Total 30.80+Fuel
GT-MHR
PBMR
HTR-PM
TemelinIsa
r-2 EPR
AP-1000
MIR-1200
G-mmingen-C
K-wasa
ki 70
10
20
30
40
50
US$/M
Whe
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Conclusions
Apparent distinction in electricity costs from the HTGRs and the LWRs
The HTGRs are competetive with the LWRs, when the fuel fabrication cost drops to the level of 1600 US$/kg
The costs were calculated for the electricity production only, the high potential heat consumption in industry would be favourable for the economy of the HTGRs
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Thank you for your attention.