Fuel Oil SystemsFuel Oil Systems

►Fuel Oil Systems consist of:Fuel Oil Systems consist of: Storage TanksStorage Tanks PumpsPumps HeatersHeaters StrainersStrainers Measuring and control devicesMeasuring and control devices PipingPiping

Fuel Oil TanksFuel Oil Tanks

►Fuel Oil Tanks are special Fuel Oil Tanks are special compartments built into the structure compartments built into the structure of the ship for the express purpose of of the ship for the express purpose of storing the ship’s fuel oil.storing the ship’s fuel oil. Double Bottom Tanks Double Bottom Tanks Wing Tanks (outboard sections of the hull)Wing Tanks (outboard sections of the hull) Deep Tanks (large tanks above the inner Deep Tanks (large tanks above the inner

bottom of the ship)bottom of the ship) Settling Tanks (tanks adjacent to the fire Settling Tanks (tanks adjacent to the fire

room)room)

Fuel Oil TanksFuel Oil Tanks

►All fuel oil tanks must have vents and All fuel oil tanks must have vents and overflow connections.overflow connections.

►The vent shall not be less than the The vent shall not be less than the area of the filling line.area of the filling line.

►All fuel oil tanks must be constructed All fuel oil tanks must be constructed in order to facilitate the free passage in order to facilitate the free passage of air and gases from all parts of the of air and gases from all parts of the tank to vent pipes.tank to vent pipes.

Fuel Oil TanksFuel Oil Tanks

►The vent pipe itself should run vertical, The vent pipe itself should run vertical, if possible, but if not run vertical, it if possible, but if not run vertical, it must be inclined not less than 30must be inclined not less than 30° ° from the horizontal.from the horizontal.

Fuel Oil TanksFuel Oil Tanks

►Vents from fuel oil and other tanks Vents from fuel oil and other tanks extending above the freeboard or extending above the freeboard or superstructure deck must be of superstructure deck must be of substantial construction and the height substantial construction and the height from the deck to the opening at the from the deck to the opening at the inside of the return bend shall be at least inside of the return bend shall be at least 36 inches in well on freeboard decks, 30 36 inches in well on freeboard decks, 30 inches on raised quarterdecks and 18 inches on raised quarterdecks and 18 inches on other superstructure decks.inches on other superstructure decks.

Fuel Oil TanksFuel Oil Tanks

►Vent outlets must be fitted with a Vent outlets must be fitted with a single screen of corrosion resistant single screen of corrosion resistant wire, of at least 30 x 30 mesh or two wire, of at least 30 x 30 mesh or two screens of at least 20 x 20 mesh screens of at least 20 x 20 mesh spaced not less than ½ of an inch nor spaced not less than ½ of an inch nor more than 1 ½ inches apart.more than 1 ½ inches apart.

Fuel Oil TanksFuel Oil Tanks

►The vents shall have suitable ball The vents shall have suitable ball check valve or other suitable approved check valve or other suitable approved device to prevent water from entering device to prevent water from entering the vent during bad weather.the vent during bad weather.

►Fuel oil tanks must provided with Fuel oil tanks must provided with sounding devices for determining sounding devices for determining liquid level, In lieu of sounding pipes a liquid level, In lieu of sounding pipes a reliable remote level indicator may be reliable remote level indicator may be used.used.

Fuel Oil TanksFuel Oil Tanks

►Provisions (striking plate) must be Provisions (striking plate) must be made to prevent damage to the made to prevent damage to the vessels plating by the striking of the vessels plating by the striking of the sounding rod.sounding rod.

►Heating coils are provided to heat the Heating coils are provided to heat the fuel and lower its viscosity to facilitate fuel and lower its viscosity to facilitate pumping operationspumping operations

Settling TanksSettling Tanks

► Settling Tanks or Service Tanks are installed Settling Tanks or Service Tanks are installed to provide a gravity head on the suction side to provide a gravity head on the suction side of the fuel oil service pump.of the fuel oil service pump.

► To maintain a reasonably large supply of oil To maintain a reasonably large supply of oil for immediate usefor immediate use

► To provide a place where water and To provide a place where water and impurities may settle out of the oil. impurities may settle out of the oil.

► The settling tank are fitted with heating coils The settling tank are fitted with heating coils to preheat the oil and lower its viscosity, to preheat the oil and lower its viscosity, and thereby accelerate the settling out and thereby accelerate the settling out process.process.

Settling TanksSettling Tanks

►They generally have an overflow line They generally have an overflow line connecting one settling tank to another connecting one settling tank to another or they can be arranged so that they can or they can be arranged so that they can overflow to a separated overflow tank.overflow to a separated overflow tank.

►Settlers are usually fitted with two Settlers are usually fitted with two suction valves a high and low suction suction valves a high and low suction valve. The low suction is usually used for valve. The low suction is usually used for normal operation. In the event of water normal operation. In the event of water in the fuel. Fuel oil service is switched to in the fuel. Fuel oil service is switched to the high suctions.the high suctions.

Settling TanksSettling Tanks

►Valves for the high and low suctions Valves for the high and low suctions shall be arranged for local control at shall be arranged for local control at the valve and remote control at a the valve and remote control at a readily accessible and safe location. readily accessible and safe location.

Filling SystemFilling System

►Filling lines are provided to permit the Filling lines are provided to permit the transfer of oil to the storage tanks from transfer of oil to the storage tanks from a port facilities.a port facilities.

► The filling system generally has a deck The filling system generally has a deck connection on each side of the vessel connection on each side of the vessel piped to the filling and transfer piped to the filling and transfer manifold. manifold.

►From this manifold oil delivery to From this manifold oil delivery to individual storage tanks is controlled.individual storage tanks is controlled.

Transfer SystemTransfer System

►The fuel oil transfer system is the The fuel oil transfer system is the means by which oil is moved from one means by which oil is moved from one storage tank to another and from the storage tank to another and from the storage tanks to the settling tanks.storage tanks to the settling tanks.

► The transfer system consists of a pipe The transfer system consists of a pipe from each tank that connects to the from each tank that connects to the suction and discharge (filling) suction and discharge (filling) manifolds of the transfer pump. manifolds of the transfer pump.

Transfer SystemTransfer System

►Suction piping in the engine room runs Suction piping in the engine room runs from the suction manifold to the from the suction manifold to the transfer pump and discharge piping transfer pump and discharge piping connects the pump to the discharge connects the pump to the discharge manifold. manifold.

►The transfer pump is fitted with a The transfer pump is fitted with a suction strainer and a relief valve for suction strainer and a relief valve for protection of the piping and pump.protection of the piping and pump.

Fuel Oil PumpsFuel Oil Pumps

► Fuel oil service pumps take suction from the Fuel oil service pumps take suction from the settling tanks and supply oil at high settling tanks and supply oil at high pressure to the boiler fronts.pressure to the boiler fronts.

► They are positive displacement rotary type They are positive displacement rotary type which are designed to handle small volumes which are designed to handle small volumes at high pressures.at high pressures.

► The pumps are fitted with a relief valve on The pumps are fitted with a relief valve on the discharge side of the pump which is the discharge side of the pump which is piped back to the suction side of the pump piped back to the suction side of the pump or to the settlers.or to the settlers.

Fuel Oil PumpsFuel Oil Pumps

►Each vessel must have at least two fuel Each vessel must have at least two fuel oil service pumps, each of sufficient oil service pumps, each of sufficient capacity to supply all the boilers at full capacity to supply all the boilers at full power. They shall be arranged so that power. They shall be arranged so that one may be overhauled while the other one may be overhauled while the other is in service.is in service.

►Service pumps must be equipped with Service pumps must be equipped with a means to secure the pump from a a means to secure the pump from a readily accessible position outside of readily accessible position outside of the boiler room.the boiler room.

Fuel Oil HeatersFuel Oil Heaters

►At least two fuel oil heaters of At least two fuel oil heaters of approximately equal capacities are approximately equal capacities are provided to heat the fuel oil to the provided to heat the fuel oil to the proper temperature for most efficient proper temperature for most efficient combustion at the burners. They are combustion at the burners. They are arranged so that one may be arranged so that one may be overhauled while other is in operation. overhauled while other is in operation.

►Relief valves are fitted on the heaters Relief valves are fitted on the heaters to relieve excessive oil pressure to the to relieve excessive oil pressure to the settling tanks or the suction side of the settling tanks or the suction side of the pump.pump.

Fuel Oil StrainersFuel Oil Strainers

►Fuel oil strainers are installed in the Fuel oil strainers are installed in the system to protect the pumps. valves, and system to protect the pumps. valves, and atomizers from becoming damaged or atomizers from becoming damaged or clogged by mechanical impurities in the clogged by mechanical impurities in the fuel oil.fuel oil.

►The strainers must be of the duplex type The strainers must be of the duplex type and are designed so that the oil flow is not and are designed so that the oil flow is not disturbed when shifting from one strainer disturbed when shifting from one strainer to the other for cleaning purposes. to the other for cleaning purposes.

Fuel Oil StrainersFuel Oil Strainers

►A coarse strainer is installed before A coarse strainer is installed before the fuel oil pumps and a fine mesh the fuel oil pumps and a fine mesh strainer is installed after the fuel oil strainer is installed after the fuel oil heaters since the oil is less viscous heaters since the oil is less viscous after heating.after heating.

Fuel Oil PipingFuel Oil Piping

►All fuel oil discharge piping shall be All fuel oil discharge piping shall be schedule 80 seamless steel and must schedule 80 seamless steel and must be readily observablebe readily observable

►Discharge piping from the fuel oil Discharge piping from the fuel oil pump to the boiler installation shall be pump to the boiler installation shall be hydrostatically tested to a test hydrostatically tested to a test pressure of 1 ½ times the maximum pressure of 1 ½ times the maximum allowable working pressure or 500 psi allowable working pressure or 500 psi which is ever greater.which is ever greater.