fuel system treatment - weir parts · pdf fileh319 causes serious eye irritation. ... use...

MaxMinFlammability 3 Toxicity 0Body Contact 2 Reactivity 1 Chronic 4

0 = Minimum1 = Low2 = Moderate3 = High4 = Extreme

Note: The hazard category numbers found in GHS classification in section 2 of thisSDSs are NOT to be used to fill in the NFPA 704 diamond.Blue = HealthRed =FireYellow = ReactivityWhite = Special (Oxidizer or water reactive substances)

Fuel System TreatmentMopar(FCA US LLC Service & Customer Care Division) Chemwatch Hazard Alert Code: 4

Catalogue number: 46Version No: 2.7Safety Data Sheet according to OSHA HazCom Standard (2012) requirements

Issue Date: 10/02/2017Print Date: 10/02/2017

L.GHS.USA.EN

SECTION 1 IDENTIFICATION

Product Identifier

Product name Fuel System Treatment

Synonyms 0VU01246AB, 0VU01246

Other means ofidentification

Not Available

Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Relevant identified uses Use according to manufacturer's directions.

Name, address, and telephone number of the chemical manufacturer, importer, or other responsible party

Registered company name Mopar(FCA US LLC Service & Customer Care Division)

Address 26311 Lawerence Avenue, Center Line Michigan 48015 United States

Telephone 1-800-846-6727

Fax Not Available

Website Not Available

Email [email protected]

Emergency phone number

Association / Organisation Not Available

Emergency telephonenumbers

248-512-8002

Other emergency telephonenumbers

Not Available

SECTION 2 HAZARD(S) IDENTIFICATION

Classification of the substance or mixture

CHEMWATCH HAZARD RATINGS

ClassificationAspiration Hazard Category 1, Skin Corrosion/Irritation Category 2, Eye Irritation Category 2A, Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure Category3(narcotic effects), Flammable Liquid Category 2

Label elements

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GHS label elements

SIGNAL WORD DANGER

Hazard statement(s)

H304 May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways.

H315 Causes skin irritation.

H319 Causes serious eye irritation.

H336 May cause drowsiness or dizziness.

H225 Highly flammable liquid and vapour.

Hazard(s) not otherwise specified

Not Applicable

Precautionary statement(s) Prevention

P101 If medical advice is needed, have product container or label at hand.

P102 Keep out of reach of children.

P103 Read label before use.

P210 Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. - No smoking.

P271 Use in a well-ventilated area.

P240 Ground/bond container and receiving equipment.

P241 Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/intrinsically safe equipment.

P242 Use only non-sparking tools.

P243 Take precautionary measures against static discharge.

P261 Avoid breathing mist/vapours/spray.

P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

Precautionary statement(s) Response

P301+P310 IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.

P331 Do NOT induce vomiting.

P362 Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.

P370+P378 In case of fire: Use alcohol resistant foam or normal protein foam for extinction.

P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.

P312 Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.

P337+P313 If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.

P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water.

P303+P361+P353 IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower.

P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.

P332+P313 If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention.

Precautionary statement(s) Storage

P403+P235 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.

P405 Store locked up.

Precautionary statement(s) Disposal

P501 Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local regulations.

SECTION 3 COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

Substances

See section below for composition of Mixtures

Mixtures

CAS No %[weight] Name

100-41-4 0.1-1 Ethylbenzene

111-84-2 1-5 n-Nonane

1330-20-7 0.1-1 Xylene (mixed isomers)

64741-86-2 1-5 Distillates (petroleum), sweetened middle

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64742-47-8 10-30 Distillates (petroleum), hydrotreated light

64742-58-1 5-10 Lubricating oils (petroleum), hydrotreated spent

64742-94-5 0.1-1 Solvent naphtha

67-63-0 15-40 Isopropanol

68603-42-9 0.1-1 Amines, coco, U,U-bis(hydroxyethyl)

8052-41-3 10-30 Stoddard solvent

91-20-3 0.1-1 Naphthalene

95-63-6 0.1-1 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene

Not Available 0.5-1.5 Polyether Amine

The specific chemical identity and/or exact percentage (concentration) of composition has been withheld as a trade secret.

SECTION 4 FIRST-AID MEASURES

Description of first aid measures

Eye Contact

If this product comes in contact with the eyes: Wash out immediately with fresh running water. Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and moving the eyelids by occasionally lifting the upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention without delay; if pain persists or recurs seek medical attention. Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled personnel.

Skin Contact

If skin contact occurs:Immediately remove all contaminated clothing, including footwear. Flush skin and hair with running water (and soap if available). Seek medical attention in event of irritation.

InhalationIf fumes, aerosols or combustion products are inhaled remove from contaminated area. Other measures are usually unnecessary.

Ingestion

If spontaneous vomiting appears imminent or occurs, hold patient's head down, lower than their hips to help avoid possible aspiration of vomitus. If swallowed do NOT induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain open airway and prevent aspiration. Observe the patient carefully. Never give liquid to a person showing signs of being sleepy or with reduced awareness; i.e. becoming unconscious. Give water to rinse out mouth, then provide liquid slowly and as much as casualty can comfortably drink. Seek medical advice. Avoid giving milk or oils. Avoid giving alcohol.

Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed

See Section 11

Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed

Any material aspirated during vomiting may produce lung injury. Therefore emesis should not be induced mechanically or pharmacologically. Mechanical means should be used if it is considerednecessary to evacuate the stomach contents; these include gastric lavage after endotracheal intubation. If spontaneous vomiting has occurred after ingestion, the patient should be monitored fordifficult breathing, as adverse effects of aspiration into the lungs may be delayed up to 48 hours.For acute or short term repeated exposures to isopropanol:

Rapid onset respiratory depression and hypotension indicates serious ingestions that require careful cardiac and respiratory monitoring together with immediate intravenous access. Rapid absorption precludes the usefulness of emesis or lavage 2 hours post-ingestion. Activated charcoal and cathartics are not clinically useful. Ipecac is most useful when given 30 mins.post-ingestion. There are no antidotes. Management is supportive. Treat hypotension with fluids followed by vasopressors. Watch closely, within the first few hours for respiratory depression; follow arterial blood gases and tidal volumes. Ice water lavage and serial haemoglobin levels are indicated for those patients with evidence of gastrointestinal bleeding.

for naphthalene intoxication: Naphthalene requires hepatic and microsomal activation prior to the production of toxic effects. Liver microsomes catalyse the initial synthesis of the reactive1,2-epoxide intermediate which is subsequently oxidised to naphthalene dihydrodiol and alpha-naphthol. The 2-naphthoquinones are thought to produce haemolysis, the 1,2-naphthoquinones arethought to be responsible for producing cataracts in rabbits, and the glutathione-adducts of naphthalene-1,2-oxide are probably responsible for pulmonary toxicity. Suggested treatment regime:

Induce emesis and/or perform gastric lavage with large amounts of warm water where oral poisoning is suspected. Instill a saline cathartic such as magnesium or sodium sulfate in water (15 to 30g). Demulcents such as milk, egg white, gelatin, or other protein solutions may be useful after the stomach is emptied but oils should be avoided because they promote absorption. If eyes/skin contaminated, flush with warm water followed by the application of a bland ointment. Severe anaemia, due to haemolysis, may require small repeated blood transfusions, preferably with red cells from a non-sensitive individual. Where intravascular haemolysis, with haemoglobinuria occurs, protect the kidneys by promoting a brisk flow of dilute urine with, for example, an osmotic diuretic such as mannitol. It may be usefulto alkalinise the urine with small amounts of sodium bicarbonate but many researchers doubt whether this prevents blockage of the renal tubules. Use supportive measures in the case of acute renal failure. GOSSELIN, SMITH HODGE: Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products, 5th Ed.

For acute or short term repeated exposures to xylene:Gastro-intestinal absorption is significant with ingestions. For ingestions exceeding 1-2 ml (xylene)/kg, intubation and lavage with cuffed endotracheal tube is recommended. The use ofcharcoal and cathartics is equivocal. Pulmonary absorption is rapid with about 60-65% retained at rest. Primary threat to life from ingestion and/or inhalation, is respiratory failure. Patients should be quickly evaluated for signs of respiratory distress (e.g. cyanosis, tachypnoea, intercostal retraction, obtundation) and given oxygen. Patients with inadequate tidal volumes orpoor arterial blood gases (pO2 < 50 mm Hg or pCO2 > 50 mm Hg) should be intubated. Arrhythmias complicate some hydrocarbon ingestion and/or inhalation and electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial injury has been reported; intravenous lines and cardiac monitors shouldbe established in obviously symptomatic patients. The lungs excrete inhaled solvents, so that hyperventilation improves clearance. A chest x-ray should be taken immediately after stabilisation of breathing and circulation to document aspiration and detect the presence of pneumothorax. Epinephrine (adrenalin) is not recommended for treatment of bronchospasm because of potential myocardial sensitisation to catecholamines. Inhaled cardioselective bronchodilators (e.g.Alupent, Salbutamol) are the preferred agents, with aminophylline a second choice.

BIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE INDEX - BEIThese represent the determinants observed in specimens collected from a healthy worker exposed at the Exposure Standard (ES or TLV):

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Determinant Index Sampling Time CommentsMethylhippu-ric acids in urine 1.5 gm/gm creatinine End of shift

2 mg/min Last 4 hrs of shift

SECTION 5 FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES

Extinguishing media

Foam. Dry chemical powder. BCF (where regulations permit). Carbon dioxide. Water spray or fog - Large fires only.

Special hazards arising from the substrate or mixture

Fire Incompatibility Avoid contamination with oxidising agents i.e. nitrates, oxidising acids, chlorine bleaches, pool chlorine etc. as ignition may result

Special protective equipment and precautions for fire-fighters

Fire Fighting

Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard. Wear full body protective clothing with breathing apparatus. Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course. Use water delivered as a fine spray to control fire and cool adjacent area. Avoid spraying water onto liquid pools. DO NOT approach containers suspected to be hot. Cool fire exposed containers with water spray from a protected location. If safe to do so, remove containers from path of fire.

Fire/Explosion Hazard

Combustible. Slight fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Heating may cause expansion or decomposition leading to violent rupture of containers. On combustion, may emit toxic fumes of carbon monoxide (CO). May emit acrid smoke. Mists containing combustible materials may be explosive.

Combustion products include:carbon dioxide (CO2)other pyrolysis products typical of burning organic material.May emit poisonous fumes.May emit corrosive fumes.WARNING: Long standing in contact with air and light may result in the formationof potentially explosive peroxides.

SECTION 6 ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures

See section 8

Environmental precautions

See section 12

Methods and material for containment and cleaning up

Minor Spills

Remove all ignition sources. Clean up all spills immediately. Avoid breathing vapours and contact with skin and eyes. Control personal contact with the substance, by using protective equipment. Contain and absorb small quantities with vermiculite or other absorbent material. Wipe up. Collect residues in a flammable waste container.

Major Spills

Clear area of personnel and move upwind. Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard. Wear full body protective clothing with breathing apparatus. Prevent, by all means available, spillage from entering drains or water courses. Consider evacuation (or protect in place). No smoking, naked lights or ignition sources. Increase ventilation. Stop leak if safe to do so. Water spray or fog may be used to disperse / absorb vapour. Contain or absorb spill with sand, earth or vermiculite. Collect recoverable product into labelled containers for recycling. Collect solid residues and seal in labelled drums for disposal. Wash area and prevent runoff into drains. After clean up operations, decontaminate and launder all protective clothing and equipment before storing and re-using. If contamination of drains or waterways occurs, advise emergency services.

Chemical Class: aromatic hydrocarbons For release onto land: recommended sorbents listed in order of priority.

SORBENTTYPE

RANK APPLICATION COLLECTION LIMITATIONS

LAND SPILL - SMALL

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Feathers - pillow 1 throw pitchfork DGC, RT

cross-linked polymer - particulate 2 shovel shovel R,W,SS

cross-linked polymer- pillow 2 throw pitchfork R, DGC, RT

sorbent clay - particulate 3 shovel shovel R, I, P,

treated clay/ treated natural organic - particulate 3 shovel shovel R, I

wood fibre - pillow 4 throw pitchfork R, P, DGC, RT

LAND SPILL - MEDIUM

cross-linked polymer -particulate 1 blower skiploader R, W, SS

treated clay/ treated natural organic - particulate 2 blower skiploader R, I

sorbent clay - particulate 3 blower skiploader R, I, P

polypropylene - particulate 3 blower skiploader W, SS, DGC

feathers - pillow 3 throw skiploader DGC, RT

expanded mineral - particulate 4 blower skiploader R, I, W, P, DGC

LegendDGC: Not effective where ground cover is denseR; Not reusableI: Not incinerableP: Effectiveness reduced when rainyRT:Not effective where terrain is ruggedSS: Not for use within environmentally sensitive sitesW: Effectiveness reduced when windy Reference: Sorbents for Liquid Hazardous Substance Cleanup and Control;R.W Melvold et al: Pollution Technology Review No. 150: Noyes Data Corporation 1988

Personal Protective Equipment advice is contained in Section 8 of the SDS.

SECTION 7 HANDLING AND STORAGE

Precautions for safe handling

Safe handling

Electrostatic discharge may be generated during pumping - this may result in fire. Ensure electrical continuity by bonding and grounding (earthing) all equipment. Restrict line velocity during pumping in order to avoid generation of electrostatic discharge (<=1 m/sec until fill pipe submerged to twice its diameter, then<= 7 m/sec). Avoid splash filling. Do NOT use compressed air for filling discharging or handling operations. Avoid all personal contact, including inhalation. Wear protective clothing when risk of exposure occurs. Use in a well-ventilated area. Prevent concentration in hollows and sumps. DO NOT enter confined spaces until atmosphere has been checked. Avoid smoking, naked lights or ignition sources. Avoid contact with incompatible materials. When handling, DO NOT eat, drink or smoke. Keep containers securely sealed when not in use. Avoid physical damage to containers. Always wash hands with soap and water after handling. Work clothes should be laundered separately. Use good occupational work practice. Observe manufacturer's storage and handling recommendations contained within this SDS.Atmosphere should be regularly checked against established exposure standards to ensure safe working conditions. DO NOT allow clothing wet with material to stay in contact with skin

Other information

Store in original containers. Keep containers securely sealed. No smoking, naked lights or ignition sources. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Store away from incompatible materials and foodstuff containers. Protect containers against physical damage and check regularly for leaks. Observe manufacturer's storage and handling recommendations contained within this SDS.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities

Suitable container

DO NOT use aluminium or galvanised containersMetal can or drum Packaging as recommended by manufacturer. Check all containers are clearly labelled and free from leaks.

Storage incompatibility

Isopropanol (syn: isopropyl alcohol, IPA):forms ketones and unstable peroxides on contact with air or oxygen; the presence of ketones especially methyl ethyl ketone (MEK, 2-butanone) will acceleratethe rate of peroxidation reacts violently with strong oxidisers, powdered aluminium (exothermic), crotonaldehyde, diethyl aluminium bromide (ignition), dioxygenyl tetrafluoroborate(ignition/ ambient temperature), chromium trioxide (ignition), potassium-tert-butoxide (ignition), nitroform (possible explosion), oleum (pressure increased inclosed container), cobalt chloride, aluminium triisopropoxide, hydrogen plus palladium dust (ignition), oxygen gas, phosgene, phosgene plus iron salts(possible explosion), sodium dichromate plus sulfuric acid (exothermic/ incandescence), triisobutyl aluminium reacts with phosphorus trichloride forming hydrogen chloride gas reacts, possibly violently, with alkaline earth and alkali metals, strong acids, strong caustics, acid anhydrides, halogens,aliphatic amines, aluminiumisopropoxide, isocyanates, acetaldehyde, barium perchlorate (forms highly explosive perchloric ester compound), benzoyl peroxide, chromic acid, dialkylzincs, dichlorine oxide, ethylene oxide (possible explosion), hexamethylene diisocyanate (possible explosion), hydrogen peroxide (forms explosive

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Ingredient Material name TEEL-1 TEEL-2 TEEL-3

Ingredient Original IDLH Revised IDLH

compound), hypochlorous acid, isopropyl chlorocarbonate, lithium aluminium hydride, lithium tetrahydroaluminate, nitric acid, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogentetraoxide (possible explosion), pentafluoroguanidine, perchloric acid (especially hot), permonosulfuric acid, phosphorus pentasulfide, tangerine oil,triethylaluminium, triisobutylaluminium, trinitromethane attacks some plastics, rubber and coatings reacts with metallic aluminium at high temperature may generate electrostatic charges

Xylenes:may ignite or explode in contact with strong oxidisers, 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, uranium fluoride attack some plastics, rubber and coatings may generate electrostatic charges on flow or agitation due to low conductivity. Vigorous reactions, sometimes amounting to explosions, can result from the contact between aromatic rings and strong oxidising agents. Aromatics can react exothermically with bases and with diazo compounds.

Alcoholsare incompatible with strong acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, oxidising and reducing agents. reacts, possibly violently, with alkaline metals and alkaline earth metals to produce hydrogen react with strong acids, strong caustics, aliphatic amines, isocyanates, acetaldehyde, benzoyl peroxide, chromic acid, chromium oxide, dialkylzincs,dichlorine oxide, ethylene oxide, hypochlorous acid, isopropyl chlorocarbonate, lithium tetrahydroaluminate, nitrogen dioxide, pentafluoroguanidine,phosphorus halides, phosphorus pentasulfide, tangerine oil, triethylaluminium, triisobutylaluminium should not be heated above 49 deg. C. when in contact with aluminium equipment

For alkyl aromatics:The alkyl side chain of aromatic rings can undergo oxidation byseveral mechanisms. The most common and dominant one is the attack by oxidationat benzyliccarbon as the intermediate formed is stabilised by resonancestructure of the ring.

Following reaction with oxygen and under the influence of sunlight, a hydroperoxide at the alpha-position to the aromatic ring, is the primary oxidation productformed (provided a hydrogen atom is initially available at this position) - this product is often short-lived but may be stable dependent on the nature of thearomatic substitution; a secondary C-H bond is more easily attacked than a primary C-H bond whilst a tertiary C-H bond is even more susceptible to attackby oxygenMonoalkylbenzenes may subsequently form monocarboxylic acids; alkyl naphthalenes mainly produce the corresponding naphthalene carboxylic acids.Oxidation in the presence of transition metal salts not only accelerates but also selectively decomposes the hydroperoxides.Hock-rearrangement by the influence of strong acids converts the hydroperoxides to hemiacetals. Peresters formed from the hydroperoxides undergoCriegee rearrangement easily.Alkali metals accelerate the oxidation while CO2 as co-oxidant enhances the selectivity.Microwave conditions give improved yields of the oxidation products.Photo-oxidation products may occur following reaction with hydroxyl radicals and NOx - these may be components of photochemical smogs.

Oxidation of Alkylaromatics: T.S.S Rao and Shubhra Awasthi:E-Journal of Chemistry Vol 4, No. 1, pp 1-13 January 2007Secondary alcohols and some branched primary alcohols may produce potentially explosive peroxides after exposure to light and/ or heat.

SECTION 8 EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION

Control parameters

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS (OEL)

INGREDIENT DATA

Not Available

EMERGENCY LIMITS

Fuel System Treatment Not Available Not Available Not Available Not Available

Ethylbenzene Not Available Not Available

n-Nonane Not Available Not Available

Xylene (mixed isomers) Not Available Not Available

Distillates (petroleum),sweetened middle

Not Available Not Available

Distillates (petroleum),hydrotreated light


Lubricating oils (petroleum),hydrotreated spent


Solvent naphtha Not Available Not Available

Isopropanol Not Available Not Available

Amines, coco,U,U-bis(hydroxyethyl)


Stoddard solvent Not Available Not Available

Naphthalene Not Available Not Available

1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene Not Available Not Available

Polyether Amine Not Available Not Available

MATERIAL DATA

for naphthalene:Odour Threshold Value: 0.038 ppmThe TLV-TWA is thought to be low enough to prevent ocular toxicity but the margin of safety associated with the TLV for hypersusceptible individuals (with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenasedefective erythrocytes) to naphthalene-induced blood dyscrasias is unknown. Individual sensitivity to inhaled naphthalene-induced haemotoxicity varies greatly with even small doses producingacute haemolysis in some.Odour Safety Factor(OSF)OSF=1.2E2 (NAPHTHALENE)

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For n-nonane and isomers:Odour Threshold: 47 ppmInhalation of high concentrations of aliphatic hydrocarbons produces central nervous system depression leading to coma with inhibition of deep tendon reflexes. The TLV-TWA is protective againstnarcotic effectsproduced at higher concentrations.Odour Safety Factor(OSF)OSF=4.3 (n-NONANE)

For trimethyl benzene as mixed isomers (of unstated proportions)Odour Threshold Value: 2.4 ppm (detection)Use care in interpreting effects as a single isomer or other isomer mix. Trimethylbenzene is an eye, nose and respiratory irritant. High concentrations cause central nervous system depression.Exposed workers show CNS changes, asthmatic bronchitis and blood dyscrasias at 60 ppm. The TLV-TWA is thought to be protective against the significant risk of CNS excitation, asthmaticbronchitis and blood dyscrasias associated with exposures above the limit.Odour Safety Factor (OSF)OSF=10 (1,2,4-TRIMETHYLBENZENE)

Exposed individuals are NOT reasonably expected to be warned, by smell, that the Exposure Standard is being exceeded.

Odour Safety Factor (OSF) is determined to fall into either Class C, D or E.

The Odour Safety Factor (OSF) is defined as:

OSF= Exposure Standard (TWA) ppm/ Odour Threshold Value (OTV) ppm

Classification into classes follows:Class OSF DescriptionA 550 Over 90% of exposed individuals are aware by smell that the Exposure Standard (TLV-TWA for example) is being reached, even when distracted by working activitiesB 26-550 As 'A' for 50-90% of persons being distractedC 1-26 As 'A' for less than 50% of persons being distractedD 0.18-1 10-50% of persons aware of being tested perceive by smell that the Exposure Standard is being reachedE <0.18 As 'D' for less than 10% of persons aware of being testedfor kerosene CAS 8008-20-6TLV TWA: 100 mg/m3 as total hydrocarbon vapour Skin A3OEL TWA: 14 ppm, 100 mg/m3 [NIOSH, 1985]REL TWA: 150 ppm [Shell]CEL TWA: 300 ppm, 900 mg/m3(CEL = Chemwatch Exposure Limit)

for petroleum distillates:CEL TWA: 500 ppm, 2000 mg/m3 (compare OSHA TWA)(CEL = Chemwatch Exposure Limit)for ethyl benzene:Odour Threshold Value: 0.46-0.60 ppmNOTE: Detector tubes for ethylbenzene, measuring in excess of 30 ppm, are commercially available.Ethyl benzene produces irritation of the skin and mucous membranes and appears to produce acute and chronic effects on the central nervous system. Animal experiments also suggest the effectsof chronic exposure include damage to the liver, kidneys and testes. In spite of structural similarities to benzene, the material does not appear to cause damage to the haemopoietic system. TheTLV-TWA is thought to be protective against skin and eye irritation. Exposure at this concentration probably will not result in systemic effects.Subjects exposed at 200 ppm experienced transient irritation of the eyes; at 1000 ppm there was eye irritation with profuse lachrymation; at 2000 ppm eye irritation and lachrymation were immediateand severe accompanied by moderate nasal irritation, constriction in the chest and vertigo; at 5000 ppm exposure produced intolerable irritation of the eyes and throat.Odour Safety Factor(OSF)OSF=43 (ETHYL BENZENE)

for diethanolamine:Odour Threshold: 2.6 ppmThe TLV-TWA is thought to be protective against the significant risk of eye damage and skin irritation.Odour Safety Factor (OSF)OSF=1.7 (DIETHANOLAMINE)

2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (syn: butylated hydroxytoluene - BHT)Because high dose levels are required to produce toxic effects and because there is little evidence of either acute or chronic effects amongst workers the recommended TLV-TWA is identical tothat proposed for nuisance particulates.

for xylenes:IDLH Level: 900 ppmOdour Threshold Value: 20 ppm (detection), 40 ppm (recognition)NOTE: Detector tubes for o-xylene, measuring in excess of 10 ppm, are available commercially. (m-xylene and p-xylene give almost the same response).Xylene vapour is an irritant to the eyes, mucous membranes and skin and causes narcosis at high concentrations. Exposure to doses sufficiently high to produce intoxication and unconsciousnessalso produces transient liver and kidney toxicity. Neurologic impairment is NOT evident amongst volunteers inhaling up to 400 ppm though complaints of ocular and upper respiratory tract irritationoccur at 200 ppm for 3 to 5 minutes.Exposure to xylene at or below the recommended TLV-TWA and STEL is thought to minimise the risk of irritant effects and to produce neither significant narcosis or chronic injury. An earlier skinnotation was deleted because percutaneous absorption is gradual and protracted and does not substantially contribute to the dose received by inhalation.Odour Safety Factor(OSF)OSF=4 (XYLENE)

Odour Threshold Value: 3.3 ppm (detection), 7.6 ppm (recognition)Exposure at or below the recommended isopropanol TLV-TWA and STEL is thought to minimise the potential for inducing narcotic effects or significant irritation of the eyes or upper respiratorytract. It is believed, in the absence of hard evidence, that this limit also provides protection against the development of chronic health effects. The limit is intermediate to that set for ethanol, which isless toxic, and n-propyl alcohol, which is more toxic, than isopropanolNOTE M: The classification as a carcinogen need not apply if it can be shown that the substance contains less than 0.005% w/w benzo[a]pyrene (EINECS No 200-028-5). This note applies only tocertain complex oil-derived substances in Annex IV.European Union (EU) List of harmonised classification and labelling hazardous substances, Table 3.1, Annex VI, Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) - up tothe latest ATPNOTE N: The classification as a carcinogen need not apply if the full refining history is known and it can be shown that the substance from which it is produced is not a carcinogen. This noteapplies only to certain complex oil-derived substances in Annex VI.European Union (EU) List of harmonised classification and labelling hazardous substances, Table 3.1, Annex VI, Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) - up tothe latest ATP

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NOTE P: The classification as a carcinogen need not apply if it can be shown that the substance contains less than 0.01% w/w benzene (EINECS No 200-753-7). Note E shall also apply when thesubstance is classified as a carcinogen. This note applies only to certain complex oil-derived substances in Annex VI.European Union (EU) List of harmonised classification and labelling hazardous substances, Table 3.1, Annex VI, Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) - up tothe latest ATP

Exposure controls

Appropriate engineeringcontrols

Engineering controls are used to remove a hazard or place a barrier between the worker and the hazard. Well-designed engineering controls can be highlyeffective in protecting workers and will typically be independent of worker interactions to provide this high level of protection.The basic types of engineering controls are:Process controls which involve changing the way a job activity or process is done to reduce the risk.Enclosure and/or isolation of emission source which keeps a selected hazard 'physically' away from the worker and ventilation that strategically 'adds' and'removes' air in the work environment. Ventilation can remove or dilute an air contaminant if designed properly. The design of a ventilation system must matchthe particular process and chemical or contaminant in use.Employers may need to use multiple types of controls to prevent employee overexposure.

Employees exposed to confirmed human carcinogens should be authorized to do so by the employer, and work in a regulated area. Work should be undertaken in an isolated system such as a 'glove-box' . Employees should wash their hands and arms upon completion of the assigned taskand before engaging in other activities not associated with the isolated system. Within regulated areas, the carcinogen should be stored in sealed containers, or enclosed in a closed system, including piping systems, with any sampleports or openings closed while the carcinogens are contained within. Open-vessel systems are prohibited. Each operation should be provided with continuous local exhaust ventilation so that air movement is always from ordinary work areas to the operation. Exhaust air should not be discharged to regulated areas, non-regulated areas or the external environment unless decontaminated. Clean make-up air shouldbe introduced in sufficient volume to maintain correct operation of the local exhaust system. For maintenance and decontamination activities, authorized employees entering the area should be provided with and required to wear clean, imperviousgarments, including gloves, boots and continuous-air supplied hood. Prior to removing protective garments the employee should undergo decontaminationand be required to shower upon removal of the garments and hood. Except for outdoor systems, regulated areas should be maintained under negative pressure (with respect to non-regulated areas). Local exhaust ventilation requires make-up air be supplied in equal volumes to replaced air. Laboratory hoods must be designed and maintained so as to draw air inward at an average linear face velocity of 0.76 m/sec with a minimum of 0.64 m/sec.Design and construction of the fume hood requires that insertion of any portion of the employees body, other than hands and arms, be disallowed.

Personal protection

Eye and face protection

Safety glasses with side shields.Chemical goggles.Contact lenses may pose a special hazard; soft contact lenses may absorb and concentrate irritants. A written policy document, describing the wearing oflenses or restrictions on use, should be created for each workplace or task. This should include a review of lens absorption and adsorption for the class ofchemicals in use and an account of injury experience. Medical and first-aid personnel should be trained in their removal and suitable equipment should bereadily available. In the event of chemical exposure, begin eye irrigation immediately and remove contact lens as soon as practicable. Lens should be removedat the first signs of eye redness or irritation - lens should be removed in a clean environment only after workers have washed hands thoroughly. [CDC NIOSHCurrent Intelligence Bulletin 59], [AS/NZS 1336 or national equivalent]

Skin protection See Hand protection below

Hands/feet protection

Wear chemical protective gloves, e.g. PVC. Wear safety footwear or safety gumboots, e.g. Rubber

The selection of suitable gloves does not only depend on the material, but also on further marks of quality which vary from manufacturer to manufacturer. Wherethe chemical is a preparation of several substances, the resistance of the glove material can not be calculated in advance and has therefore to be checked priorto the application.The exact break through time for substances has to be obtained from the manufacturer of the protective gloves and has to be observed when making a finalchoice.Personal hygiene is a key element of effective hand care. Gloves must only be worn on clean hands. After using gloves, hands should be washed and driedthoroughly. Application of a non-perfumed moisturizer is recommended.Suitability and durability of glove type is dependent on usage. Important factors in the selection of gloves include:

· frequency and duration of contact,· chemical resistance of glove material,· glove thickness and· dexterity

Select gloves tested to a relevant standard (e.g. Europe EN 374, US F739, AS/NZS 2161.1 or national equivalent).· When prolonged or frequently repeated contact may occur, a glove with a protection class of 5 or higher (breakthrough time greater than 240minutes according to EN 374, AS/NZS 2161.10.1 or national equivalent) is recommended.· When only brief contact is expected, a glove with a protection class of 3 or higher (breakthrough time greater than 60 minutes according toEN 374, AS/NZS 2161.10.1 or national equivalent) is recommended.· Some glove polymer types are less affected by movement and this should be taken into account when considering gloves for long-term use.· Contaminated gloves should be replaced.

For general applications, gloves with a thickness typically greater than 0.35 mm, are recommended.It should be emphasised that glove thickness is not necessarily a good predictor of glove resistance to a specific chemical, as the permeation efficiency of theglove will be dependent on the exact composition of the glove material. Therefore, glove selection should also be based on consideration of the taskrequirements and knowledge of breakthrough times.Glove thickness may also vary depending on the glove manufacturer, the glove type and the glove model. Therefore, the manufacturers’ technical data shouldalways be taken into account to ensure selection of the most appropriate glove for the task.Note: Depending on the activity being conducted, gloves of varying thickness may be required for specific tasks. For example:

· Thinner gloves (down to 0.1 mm or less) may be required where a high degree of manual dexterity is needed. However, these gloves are onlylikely to give short duration protection and would normally be just for single use applications, then disposed of.· Thicker gloves (up to 3 mm or more) may be required where there is a mechanical (as well as a chemical) risk i.e. where there is abrasion orpuncture potential

Gloves must only be worn on clean hands. After using gloves, hands should be washed and dried thoroughly. Application of a non-perfumed moisturiser isrecommended.

Body protection See Other protection below

Other protection

Employees working with confirmed human carcinogens should be provided with, and be required to wear, clean, full body protective clothing (smocks,coveralls, or long-sleeved shirt and pants), shoe covers and gloves prior to entering the regulated area. [AS/NZS ISO 6529:2006 or national equivalent] Employees engaged in handling operations involving carcinogens should be provided with, and required to wear and use half-face filter-type respirators with

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filters for dusts, mists and fumes, or air purifying canisters or cartridges. A respirator affording higher levels of protection may be substituted. [AS/NZS 1715or national equivalent] Emergency deluge showers and eyewash fountains, supplied with potable water, should be located near, within sight of, and on the same level with locationswhere direct exposure is likely. Prior to each exit from an area containing confirmed human carcinogens, employees should be required to remove and leave protective clothing andequipment at the point of exit and at the last exit of the day, to place used clothing and equipment in impervious containers at the point of exit for purposes ofdecontamination or disposal. The contents of such impervious containers must be identified with suitable labels. For maintenance and decontaminationactivities, authorized employees entering the area should be provided with and required to wear clean, impervious garments, including gloves, boots andcontinuous-air supplied hood. Prior to removing protective garments the employee should undergo decontamination and be required to shower upon removal of the garments and hood. Overalls. P.V.C. apron. Barrier cream. Skin cleansing cream. Eye wash unit.

Thermal hazards Not Available

Recommended material(s)

GLOVE SELECTION INDEX

Glove selection is based on a modified presentation of the: 'Forsberg Clothing Performance Index'. The effect(s) of the following substance(s) are taken into account in the computer-generated selection: Fuel System Treatment

Material CPI

BUTYL C

BUTYL/NEOPRENE C

HYPALON C

NAT+NEOPR+NITRILE C

NATURAL RUBBER C

NATURAL+NEOPRENE C

NEOPRENE C

NEOPRENE/NATURAL C

NITRILE C

NITRILE+PVC C

PE/EVAL/PE C

PVA C

PVC C

PVDC/PE/PVDC C

TEFLON C

VITON C

* CPI - Chemwatch Performance IndexA: Best SelectionB: Satisfactory; may degrade after 4 hours continuous immersionC: Poor to Dangerous Choice for other than short term immersionNOTE: As a series of factors will influence the actual performance of the glove, a finalselection must be based on detailed observation. -* Where the glove is to be used on a short term, casual or infrequent basis, factors such as'feel' or convenience (e.g. disposability), may dictate a choice of gloves which might otherwisebe unsuitable following long-term or frequent use. A qualified practitioner should be consulted.

Respiratory protection

Cartridge respirators should never be used for emergency ingress or in areas ofunknown vapour concentrations or oxygen content. The wearer must be warned toleave the contaminated area immediately on detecting any odours through therespirator. The odour may indicate that the mask is not functioning properly, that thevapour concentration is too high, or that the mask is not properly fitted. Because ofthese limitations, only restricted use of cartridge respirators is consideredappropriate.Selectionof the Class and Type of respirator will depend upon the level of breathingzonecontaminant and the chemical nature of the contaminant. Protection Factors(defined as the ratioof contaminant outside and inside the mask) may also beimportant.

Required minimumprotection factor

Maximum gas/vapourconcentration present in air p.p.m.(by volume)

Half-faceRespirator

Full-FaceRespirator

up to 10 1000 A-AUS / Class1

-

up to 50 1000 - A-AUS / Class1

up to 50 5000 Airline * -up to 100 5000 - A-2up to 100 10000 - A-3100+ - Airline**

* -Continuous Flow** -Continuous-flow or positive pressure demand.A(Allclasses) = Organic vapours, B AUS or B1 = Acid gases, B2 = Acid gas orhydrogencyanide(HCN), B3 = Acid gas or hydrogen cyanide(HCN), E = Sulfurdioxide(SO2),G = Agricultural chemicals, K = Ammonia(NH3), Hg = Mercury, NO = Oxidesofnitrogen, MB = Methyl bromide, AX = Low boiling point organic compounds(below65 deg C)

SECTION 9 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Information on basic physical and chemical properties

Appearance Text

Physical state Liquid Relative density (Water = 1) 0.801

Odour Not AvailablePartition coefficient

n-octanol / waterNot Available

Odour threshold Not AvailableAuto-ignition temperature

(°C)Not Available

pH (as supplied) Not AvailableDecomposition

temperatureNot Available

Melting point / freezingpoint (°C)

Not Available Viscosity (cSt) 1.23

Initial boiling point andboiling range (°C)

Not Available Molecular weight (g/mol) Not Available

Flash point (°C) 14 Taste Not Available

Evaporation rate Not Available Explosive properties Not Available

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Flammability HIGHLY FLAMMABLE. Oxidising properties Not Available

Upper Explosive Limit (%) 12Surface Tension (dyn/cm or

mN/m)Not Available

Lower Explosive Limit (%) 2 Volatile Component (%vol) 90

Vapour pressure (kPa) Not Available Gas group Not Available

Solubility in water (g/L) Immiscible pH as a solution (1%) Not Available

Vapour density (Air = 1) >1 VOC g/L Not Available

SECTION 10 STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

Reactivity See section 7

Chemical stabilityUnstable in the presence of incompatible materials.Product is considered stable.Hazardous polymerisation will not occur.

Possibility of hazardousreactions

See section 7

Conditions to avoid See section 7

Incompatible materials See section 7

Hazardous decompositionproducts

See section 5

SECTION 11 TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Information on toxicological effects

Inhaled

The material is not thought to produce adverse health effects or irritation of the respiratory tract (as classified by EC Directives using animal models).Nevertheless, good hygiene practice requires that exposure be kept to a minimum and that suitable control measures be used in an occupational setting.Inhalation of vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness. This may be accompanied by narcosis, reduced alertness, loss of reflexes, lack of coordination andvertigo.The acute toxicity of inhaled alkylbenzenes is best described by central nervous system depression. As a rule, these compounds may also act as generalanaesthetics.Systemic poisoning produced by general anaesthesia is characterised by lightheadedness, nervousness, apprehension, euphoria, confusion, dizziness,drowsiness, tinnitus, blurred or double vision, vomiting and sensations of heat, cold or numbness, twitching, tremors, convulsions, unconsciousness andrespiratory depression and arrest. Cardiac arrest may result from cardiovascular collapse. Bradycardia, and hypotension may also be produced.Inhaled alkylbenzene vapours cause death in animals at air levels that are relatively similar (typically LC50s are in the range 5000 -8000 ppm for 4 to 8 hourexposures). It is likely that acute inhalation exposure to alkylbenzenes resembles that to general anaesthetics.Alkylbenzenes are not generally toxic other than at high levels of exposure. This may be because their metabolites have a low order of toxicity and are easilyexcreted. There is little or no evidence to suggest that metabolic pathways can become saturated leading to spillover to alternate pathways. Nor is thereevidence that toxic reactive intermediates, which may produce subsequent toxic or mutagenic effects, are formedAcute effects from inhalation of high concentrations of vapour are pulmonary irritation, including coughing, with nausea; central nervous system depression -characterised by headache and dizziness, increased reaction time, fatigue and loss of co-ordinationCentral nervous system (CNS) depression may include nonspecific discomfort, symptoms of giddiness, headache, dizziness, nausea, anaesthetic effects,slowed reaction time, slurred speech and may progress to unconsciousness. Serious poisonings may result in respiratory depression and may be fatal.A significant number of individuals exposed to mixed trimethylbenzenes complained of nervousness, tension, anxiety and asthmatic bronchitis. Peripheral bloodshowed a tendency to hypochromic anaemia and a deviation from normal in coagulability of the blood. Hydrocarbon concentrations ranged from 10 to 60 ppm.Contamination of the mixture with benzene may have been responsible for the blood dyscrasias.High concentrations of mesitylene vapour (5000 to 9000 ppm) caused central nervous system depression in mice. Similar exposures of pseudocumene alsoproduced evidence of CNS involvement.Concentratednonane vapours may cause irritation of the nose and throat, headache,drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, nausea, tremors, incoordinationanddifficulty in breathing. Very high concentrations may cause unconsciousness anddeath.The odour of isopropanol may give some warning of exposure, but odour fatigue may occur. Inhalation of isopropanol may produce irritation of the nose andthroat with sneezing, sore throat and runny nose. The effects in animals subject to a single exposure, by inhalation, included inactivity or anaesthesia andhistopathological changes in the nasal canal and auditory canal.

Inhalation of naphthalene vapour has been associated with headache, loss of appetite and nausea. Other conditions associated with exposure to the vapourinclude optic neuritis, corneal injury and kidney damage. Animals exposed to aerosols of a refined commercial solvent mixture consisting primarily ofmono-methylated naphthalenes, exhibited dyspnoea. When animals were exposed to this mixture for 27 daily one-hour exposures over a 35-day period, theyshowed dyspnoea, listlessness, prostration and marked salivation. Weight loss was evident in mice but not in other species. Pathological changes occurred inthe lungs, liver and skin. Pulmonary changes consisted mainly of oedema, bronchopneumonia, emphysema, and thickening of the parabronchiolar alveolarsepta. Haematology did not identify significant changes.

Headache, fatigue, lassitude, irritability and gastrointestinal disturbances (e.g., nausea, anorexia and flatulence) are the most common symptoms of xyleneoverexposure. Injury to the heart, liver, kidneys and nervous system has also been noted amongst workers. Transient memory loss, renal impairment, temporaryconfusion and some evidence of disturbance of liver function was reported in three workers overcome by gross exposure to xylene (10000 ppm). One workerdied and autopsy revealed pulmonary congestion, oedema and focal alveolar haemorrhage. Volunteers inhaling xylene at 100 ppm for 5 to 6 hours showedchanges in manual coordination reaction time and slight ataxia. Tolerance developed during the workweek but was lost over the weekend. Physical exercise mayantagonise this effect. Xylene body burden in humans exposed to 100 or 200 ppm xylene in air depends on the amount of body fat with 4% to 8% of total absorbedxylene accumulating in adipose tissue.Xylene is a central nervous system depressant. Central nervous system (CNS) depression may include nonspecific discomfort, symptoms of giddiness,headache, dizziness, nausea, anaesthetic effects, slowed reaction time, slurred speech and may progress to unconsciousness. Serious poisonings may resultin respiratory depression and may be fatal.

Ingestion

Swallowing of the liquid may cause aspiration of vomit into the lungs with the risk of haemorrhaging, pulmonary oedema, progressing to chemical pneumonitis;serious consequences may result.Signs and symptoms of chemical (aspiration) pneumonitis may include coughing, gasping, choking, burning of the mouth, difficult breathing, and bluishcoloured skin (cyanosis).The material has NOT been classified by EC Directives or other classification systems as 'harmful by ingestion'. This is because of the lack of corroboratinganimal or human evidence. The material may still be damaging to the health of the individual, following ingestion, especially where pre-existing organ (e.g liver,kidney) damage is evident. Present definitions of harmful or toxic substances are generally based on doses producing mortality rather than those producingmorbidity (disease, ill-health). Gastrointestinal tract discomfort may produce nausea and vomiting. In an occupational setting however, ingestion of insignificantquantities is not thought to be cause for concern.

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Following ingestion, a single exposure to isopropyl alcohol produced lethargy and non-specific effects such as weight loss and irritation. Ingestion ofnear-lethal doses of isopropanol produces histopathological changes of the stomach, lungs and kidneys, incoordination, lethargy, gastrointestinal tractirritation, and inactivity or anaesthesia.Swallowing 10 ml. of isopropanol may cause serious injury; 100 ml. may be fatal if not promptly treated. The adult single lethal doses is approximately 250 ml.The toxicity of isopropanol is twice that of ethanol and the symptoms of intoxication appear to be similar except for the absence of an initial euphoric effect;gastritis and vomiting are more prominent. Ingestion may cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea.There is evidence that a slight tolerance to isopropanol may be acquired.

Ingestion of naphthalene and its congeners may produce abdominal cramps with nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, profuse perspiration, listlessness,confusion, and in severe poisonings, coma with or without convulsions. Irritation of the urinary bladder may also occur (presumably due to the excretoryproducts of naphthalene metabolism) and produce urgency, dysuria, and the passage of brown or black urine with or without albumin or casts. These effectsmay disappear within a few days and have not been associated with haemolysis which is a prominent finding in naphthalene poisoning. Severe naphthalenepoisoning in humans produces haemoglobinuria, methaemoglobinaemia, the production of Heinz bodies and death. Methaemoglobinemia produces a form ofoxygen starvation (anoxia). Symptoms include cyanosis (a bluish discolouration skin and mucous membranes) and breathing difficulties. Symptoms may not beevident until several hours after exposure. At about 15% concentration of blood methaemoglobin there is observable cyanosis of the lips, nose and earlobes.Symptoms may be absent although euphoria, flushed face and headache are commonly experienced. At 25-40%, cyanosis is marked but little disability occursother than that produced on physical exertion. At 40-60%, symptoms include weakness, dizziness, lightheadedness, increasingly severe headache, ataxia, rapidshallow respiration, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, confusion, lethargy and stupor. Above 60% symptoms include dyspnea, respiratory depression, tachycardiaor bradycardia, and convulsions. Levels exceeding 70% may be fatal. In those who survive haemotoxic effects, life-threatening acute renal failure, secondary torenal blockade, occurs. The acute lethal dose of naphthalene is estimated to be between 5 and 15 grams, although certain susceptible individuals have diedafter ingestion of a total dose of 2 grams. Hypersusceptibility, based on congenital deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, has beenidentified and is more common amongst Asians, Arabs, Caucasians of Latin ancestry and American and African blacks; males in particular are sensitive.

Skin Contact

Evidence exists, or practical experience predicts, that the material either produces inflammation of the skin in a substantial number of individuals followingdirect contact, and/or produces significant inflammation when applied to the healthy intact skin of animals, for up to four hours, such inflammation being presenttwenty-four hours or more after the end of the exposure period. Skin irritation may also be present after prolonged or repeated exposure; this may result in aform of contact dermatitis (nonallergic). The dermatitis is often characterised by skin redness (erythema) and swelling (oedema) which may progress toblistering (vesiculation), scaling and thickening of the epidermis. At the microscopic level there may be intercellular oedema of the spongy layer of the skin(spongiosis) and intracellular oedema of the epidermis.The material may accentuate any pre-existing dermatitis condition

The liquid may be miscible with fats or oils and may degrease the skin, producing a skin reaction described as non-allergic contact dermatitis. The material isunlikely to produce an irritant dermatitis as described in EC Directives .511ipa

Workers sensitised to naphthalene and its congeners show exfoliative dermatitis. Hypersensitivity, with positive patch tests, has been demonstrated in certainindividuals. Percutaneous absorption is apparently inadequate to produce acute systemic reactions, except in new-born babies. Tests with a refined commercialliquid grade of methylnaphthalene (MN), placed under a patch for 48 hours on human skin produced slight to moderate reactions. In rabbits, a single dermalexposure to MN produced loss of appetite (anorexia). Repeated application of the refined commercial grade of MN to rabbit skin at 1-4 mg/kg/day for up to 21days produced severe skin irritation and necrosis. Anorexia, moderate weight loss and fatalities were also recorded. Pathological changes in one animal wereidentified in the liver, stomach, heart, bone marrow, spleen, thyroid and thigh muscle. In another animal there was moderate hyperplasia of the bone marrow andthyroid. Photosensitisation has been recorded amongst workers exposed to naphthalene. An abnormal adverse reaction to ultraviolet (UV) and/or visibleradiation results in sun-burn like responses or oedematous, vesiculated lesions or bullae.Open cuts, abraded or irritated skin should not be exposed to this materialEntry into the blood-stream through, for example, cuts, abrasions, puncture wounds or lesions, may produce systemic injury with harmful effects. Examine theskin prior to the use of the material and ensure that any external damage is suitably protected.

Eye

Evidence exists, or practical experience predicts, that the material may cause eye irritation in a substantial number of individuals and/or may produce significantocular lesions which are present twenty-four hours or more after instillation into the eye(s) of experimental animals.Repeated or prolonged eye contact may cause inflammation characterised by temporary redness (similar to windburn) of the conjunctiva (conjunctivitis);temporary impairment of vision and/or other transient eye damage/ulceration may occur.Isopropanol vapour may cause mild eye irritation at 400 ppm. Splashes may cause severe eye irritation, possible corneal burns and eye damage. Eye contactmay cause tearing or blurring of vision.

Exposure to naphthalene and its congeners has produced cataracts in animals and workers. In one study, eight of twenty-one workers, exposed to naphthalenefor 5-years, showed opacities of the lens.

Chronic

Repeated or long-term occupational exposure is likely to produce cumulative health effects involving organs or biochemical systems.On the basis, primarily, of animal experiments, the material may be regarded as carcinogenic to humans. There is sufficient evidence to provide a strongpresumption that human exposure to the material may result in cancer on the basis of:- appropriate long-term animal studies- other relevant informationProlonged or repeated contact with xylenes may cause defatting dermatitis with drying and cracking. Chronic inhalation of xylenes has been associated withcentral nervous system effects, loss of appetite, nausea, ringing in the ears, irritability, thirst anaemia, mucosal bleeding, enlarged liver and hyperplasia.Exposure may produce kidney and liver damage. In chronic occupational exposure, xylene (usually mix ed with other solvents) has produced irreversible damageto the central nervous system and ototoxicity (damages hearing and increases sensitivity to noise), probably due to neurotoxic mechanisms.Industrial workers exposed to xylene with a maximum level of ethyl benzene of 0.06 mg/l (14 ppm) reported headaches and irritability and tired quickly. Functionalnervous system disturbances were found in some workers employed for over 7 years whilst other workers had enlarged livers. Xylene has been classed as a developmental toxin in some jurisdictions.Small excess risks of spontaneous abortion and congenital malformation were reported amongst women exposed to xylene in the first trimester of pregnancy. Inall cases, however, the women were also been exposed to other substances. Evaluation of workers chronically exposed to xylene has demonstrated lack ofgenotoxicity. Exposure to xylene has been associated with increased risks of haemopoietic malignancies but, again, simultaneous exposure to other substances(including benzene) complicates the picture. A long-term gavage study to mixed xylenes (containing 17% ethyl benzene) found no evidence of carcinogenicactivity in rats and mice of either sex.Long term or repeated ingestion exposure of isopropanol may produce incoordination, lethargy and reduced weight gain.

Repeated inhalation exposure to isopropanol may produce narcosis, incoordination and liver degeneration. Animal data show developmental effects only atexposure levels that produce toxic effects in the adult animals. Isopropanol does not cause genetic damage in bacterial or mammalian cell cultures or inanimals.

There are inconclusive reports of human sensitisation from skin contact with isopropanol. Chronic alcoholics are more tolerant of systemic isopropanol thanare persons who do not consume alcohol; alcoholics have survived as much as 500 ml. of 70% isopropanol.

Continued voluntary drinking of a 2.5% aqueous solution through two successive generations of rats produced no reproductive effects.NOTE: Commercial isopropanol does not contain 'isopropyl oil'. An excess incidence of sinus and laryngeal cancers in isopropanol production workers hasbeen shown to be caused by the byproduct 'isopropyl oil'. Changes in the production processes now ensure that no byproduct is formed. Production changesinclude use of dilute sulfuric acid at higher temperatures.

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In a two-year inhalation study, groups of mice were exposed at 0, 10 or 30 ppm naphthalene, 6 hours/day, 5 days/week for 103 weeks. Female mice showed anincrease of pulmonary alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas at 30 ppm. There was no increase in the incidence of tumours in male mice. Naphthalene inhalation wasassociated with an increase in the incidence and severity of chronic inflammation, metaplasia of the olfactory epithelium, and hyperplasia of the respiratoryepithelium in the nose, and chronic inflammation of the lungs of both sexes.Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause drying with cracking, irritation and possible dermatitis following.Chronic solvent inhalation exposures may result in nervous system impairment and liver and blood changes. [PATTYS]

Fuel System TreatmentTOXICITY IRRITATION

#551ipa#551benztrimeth#551kerosene[2] Not Available

Legend: 1. Value obtained from Europe ECHA Registered Substances - Acute toxicity 2.* Value obtained from manufacturer's SDS. Unless otherwise specified dataextracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effect of chemical Substances

Acute Toxicity Carcinogenicity

Skin Irritation/Corrosion Reproductivity

Serious EyeDamage/Irritation

STOT - Single Exposure

Respiratory or Skinsensitisation

STOT - Repeated Exposure

Mutagenicity Aspiration Hazard

Legend: – Data available but does not fill the criteria for classification – Data available to make classification

– Data Not Available to make classification

SECTION 12 ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Toxicity

Ingredient Endpoint Test Duration (hr) Species Value Source

Not Available Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable

Legend:Extracted from 1. IUCLID Toxicity Data 2. Europe ECHA Registered Substances - Ecotoxicological Information - Aquatic Toxicity 3. EPIWIN Suite V3.12 -Aquatic Toxicity Data (Estimated) 4. US EPA, Ecotox database - Aquatic Toxicity Data 5. ECETOC Aquatic Hazard Assessment Data 6. NITE (Japan) -Bioconcentration Data 7. METI (Japan) - Bioconcentration Data 8. Vendor Data

Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. Do NOT allow product to come in contact with surface waters or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark. Do not contaminate water when cleaning equipment or disposing of equipmentwash-waters. Wastes resulting from use of the product must be disposed of on site or at approved waste sites.When spilled this product may act as a typical oil, causing a film, sheen, emulsion or sludge at or beneath the surface of the body of water. The oil film on water surface may physically affect theaquatic organisms, due to the interruption of theoxygen transfer between the air and the waterOils of any kind can cause:

drowning of water-fowl due to lack of buoyancy, loss of insulating capacity of feathers, starvation and vulnerability to predators due to lack of mobilitylethal effects on fish by coating gill surfaces, preventing respirationasphyxiation of benthic life forms when floating masses become engaged with surface debris and settle on the bottom andadverse aesthetic effects of fouled shoreline and beaches

In case of accidental releases on the soil, a fine film is formed on the soil, which prevents the plant respiration process and the soil particle saturation. It may cause deep water infestation.For 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene:Half-life (hr) air : 0.48-16Half-life (hr) H2O surface water : 0.24-672Half-life (hr) H2O ground : 336-1344Half-life (hr) soil : 168-672Henry's Pa m3 /mol: 385-627Bioaccumulation : not significant1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene is a volatile organic compound (VOC) substance. As a VOC, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene can contribute to the formation of photochemical smog in the presence of otherVOCs. Environmental fate:Transport: ,1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene volatilises rapidly from surface waters as predicted by a Henry's law constant of 5.18 x 10-3 (vapor pressure, 2.03 mm Hg). The volatilisation half-life from amodel river is calculated to be 3.4 hours. The chemical also volatilises from soils, however, based on an estimated Koc of 472, moderate adsorption to soils and sediments may occur Transformation/PersistenceAir - Degradation of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene in the atmosphere occurs by reaction with hydroxyl radicals Reaction also occurs with ozone but very slowly (half life, 8820 days) In the atmosphere, twoestimates of the half-life are approximately 6 hours and, in the presence of hydroxyl radicals, 0.5 days Soil - Volatilisation is the major route of removal of 1,2,4- trimethylbenzene from soils; although, biodegradation may also occur Due to the high volatility of the chemical it is unlikely to accumulatein soil or surface water to toxic concentrationsWater - Because of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene's water solubility and its vapor pressure of 2.03 mm Hg, the chemical will rapidly volatilise from surface waters Biodegradation of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene occurred with inoculums from both seawater and ground water Various strains of Pseudomonas can biodegrade 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene. Biota - The estimated bioconcentration factor (439) and high volatility of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene indicates that bioaccumulation of the chemical will not be significantEcotoxicity:Fish LC50 (96 h): fathead minnow 7.72 mg/lNo stress was observed in Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout, fingerling) or Petromyzon marinus (sea lamprey, larvae) at 5 mg/L for 24 hours Daphnia magna EC50 (48 h): 3.61 mg/lCancer magister (dungeness crab) LC50 996 h): 5.1 mg/l1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic organisms; acute toxicity values fall within the range of greater than 1 mg/L and 100 mg/L. LC50 values for specific aquaticorganisms range from approximately 5 to 8 mg/L which is orders of magnitude greater than any measured concentration in seawater (0.002 - 0.54 microgram/L) The high concentrations requiredto induce toxicity in laboratory animals are not likely to be reached in the environment.

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Within an aromatic series, acute toxicity increases with increasing alkyl substitution on the aromatic nucleus. For example, there is an increase in toxicity as alkylation of the naphthalene structureincreases. The order of most toxic to least in a study using grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) and brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) was dimethylnaphthalenes > methylnaphthalenes>naphthalenes.Studies conclude that the toxicity of an oil appears to be a function of its di-aromatic and tri-aromatic hydrocarbons, which includes three-ring hydrocarbons such as phenanthrene.The heavier (4-, 5-, and 6-ring) PAHs are more persistent than the lighter (2- and 3-ring) PAHs and tend to have greater carcinogenic and other chronic impact potential. PAHs in general aremore frequently associated with chronic risks. These risks include cancer and often are the result of exposures to complex mixtures of chronic-risk aromatics (such as PAHs, alkyl PAHs,benzenes, and alkyl benzenes), rather than exposures to low levels of a single compound.Anthrcene is a phototoxic PAH . UV light greatly increases the toxicity of anthracene to bluegill sunfish. . Benchmarks developed in the absence of UV light may be under-protective, and biologicalresources in strong sunlight are at more risk than those that are not.For isopropanol (IPA):log Kow : -0.16- 0.28Half-life (hr) air : 33-84Half-life (hr) H2O surface water : 130Henry's atm m3 /mol: 8.07E-06BOD 5: 1.19,60%COD : 1.61-2.30,97%ThOD : 2.4BOD 20: >70% * [Akzo Nobel]Environmental FateBased on calculated results from a lever 1 fugacity model,IPA isexpected to partition primarily to the aquatic compartment (77.7%) with theremainder to the air (22.3%). IPA has been shown tobiodegrade rapidly in aerobic,aqueous biodegradation tests and therefore, would not be expected to persist inaquatic habitats. IPA is also not expected to persist in surface soils due torapidevaporation to the air. In the air, physical degradation will occurrapidly due to hydroxyradical (OH) attack. Overall, IPA presents a low potential hazardto aquatic or terrestrial biota.IPA is expected to volatilise slowly from water based on acalculated Henry’s Law constant of 7.52 x 10 -6 atm.m 3 /mole. The calculatedhalf-life for the volatilisation from surface water (1 meterdepth) ispredicted to range from 4 days (from a river) to 31 days (from a lake).Hydrolysis is not considered a significant degradation process for IPA.However, aerobic biodegradation of IPA hasbeen shown to occur rapidly undernon-acclimated conditions, based on a result of 49% biodegradation from a 5 dayBOD test. Additional biodegradation data developed using standardizedtestmethods show that IPA is readily biodegradable in both freshwater and saltwatermedia (72 to 78% biodegradation in 20 days).IPA will evaporate quickly from soil due to its high vaporpressure (43 hPa at 20°C), and is not expected to partition to the soil basedon a calculated soil adsorption coefficient (log Koc) of 0.03.IPA has the potential to leach through the soil due to its lowsoil adsorptionIn the air, isopropanol is subject to oxidation predominantly byhydroxy radical attack. The room temperature rate constants determined byseveral investigators are in good agreement for the reactionof IPA withhydroxy radicals. The atmospheric half-life is expected to be 10 to 25 hours,based on measured degradation rates ranging from 5.1 to 7.1 x 10 -12 cm3/molecule-sec, and an OHconcentration of 1.5 x 106 molecule/cm3 , which is a commonlyused default value for calculating atmospheric half-lives. Using OHconcentrations representative of polluted (3 x 106 ) and pristine (3x 105 )air, the atmospheric half-life of IPA would range from 9 to 126 hours,respectively. Direct photolysis is not expected to be an importanttransformation process for the degradation of IPA.Ecotoxicity:IPA has been shown to have a low order of acute aquatic toxicity.Results from 24- to 96-hour LC50 studies range from 1,400 to more than 10,000mg/L for freshwater and saltwater fish andinvertebrates. In addition, 16-hourto 8-day toxicity threshold levels (equivalent to 3% inhibition in cell growth)ranging from 104 to 4,930 mg/L have been demonstrated for variousmicroorganisms.Chronic aquatic toxicity has also been shown to be of low concern,based on 16- to 21-day NOEC values of 141 to 30 mg/L, respectively, for afreshwater invertebrate. Bioconcentration of IPA inaquatic organisms is notexpected to occur based on a measured log octanol/water partition coefficient(log Kow) of 0.05, a calculated bioconcentration factor of 1 for a freshwaterfish, and theunlikelihood of constant, long-term exposures.Toxicity to PlantsToxicity of IPA to plants is expected to be low, based on a 7-daytoxicity threshold value of 1,800 mg/L for a freshwater algae, and an EC50value of 2,100 mg/L from a lettuce seed germination test.For xylenes :log Koc : 2.05-3.08Koc : 25.4-204Half-life (hr) air : 0.24-42Half-life (hr) H2O surface water : 24-672Half-life (hr) H2O ground : 336-8640Half-life (hr) soil : 52-672Henry's Pa m3 /mol: 637-879Henry's atm m3 /mol: 7.68E-03BOD 5 if unstated: 1.4,1%COD : 2.56,13%ThOD : 3.125BCF : 23log BCF : 1.17-2.41Environmental FateTerrestrial fate:: Measured Koc values of 166 and 182, indicate that 3-xylene is expected to have moderate mobility in soil. Volatilisation of p-xylene is expected to be important from moist soilsurfaces given a measured Henry's Law constant of 7.18x10-3 atm-cu m/mole. The potential for volatilisation of 3-xylene from dry soil surfaces may exist based on a measured vapor pressure of8.29 mm Hg. p-Xylene may be degraded during its passage through soil). The extent of the degradation is expected to depend on its concentration, residence time in the soil, the nature of the soil,and whether resident microbial populations have been acclimated. p-Xylene, present in soil samples contaminated with jet fuel, was completely degraded aerobically within 5 days. In aquifer studiesunder anaerobic conditions, p-xylene was degraded, usually within several weeks, with the production of 3-methylbenzylfumaric acid, 3-methylbenzylsuccinic acid, 3-methylbenzoate, and3-methylbenzaldehyde as metabolites. Aquatic fate: Koc values indicate that p-xylene may adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water. p-Xylene is expected to volatilise from water surfaces based on the measured Henry's Lawconstant. Estimated volatilisation half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively. BCF values of 14.8, 23.4, and 6, measured in goldfish, eels, and clams,respectively, indicate that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. p-Xylene in water with added humic substances was 50% degraded following 3 hours irradiation suggesting that indirectphotooxidation in the presence of humic acids may play an important role in the abiotic degradation of p-xylene. Although p-xylene is biodegradable and has been observed to degrade in pond water,there are insufficient data to assess the rate of this process in surface waters. p-Xylene has been observed to degrade in anaerobic and aerobic groundwater in several studies; however, it is knownto persist for many years in groundwater, at least at sites where the concentration might have been quite high. Atmospheric fate: Most xylenes released to the environment will occur in the atmosphere and volatilisation is the dominant environmental fate process. In the ambient atmosphere, xylenes are expected to exist solelyin the vapour phase. Xylenes are degraded in the atmosphere primarily by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals, with an estimated atmospheric lifetime of about 0.5 to 2 days.Xylenes' susceptibility to photochemical oxidation in the troposphere is to the extent that they may contribute to photochemical smog formation.According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere and from its vapour pressure, p-xylene, is expected to exist solely as a vapour in the ambientatmosphere. Vapour-phase p-xylene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 16hours. A half-life of 1.0 hr in summer and 10 hr in winter was measured for the reaction of p-xylene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals. p-Xylene has a moderately high photochemicalreactivity under smog conditions, higher than the other xylene isomers, with loss rates varying from 9-42% per hr. The photooxidation of p-xylene results in the production of carbon monoxide,formaldehyde, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, 3-methylbenzylnitrate, m-tolualdehyde, 4-nitro-3-xylene, 5-nitro-3-xylene, 2,6-dimethyl-p-benzoquinone, 2,4-dimethylphenol, 6-nitro-2,4-dimethylphenol,2,6-dimethylphenol, and 4-nitro-2,6-dimethylphenol.Ecotoxicity:for xylenesFish LC50 (96 h) Pimephales promelas 13.4 mg/l; Oncorhyncus mykiss 8.05 mg/l; Lepomis macrochirus 16.1 mg/l (all flow through values); Pimephales promelas 26.7 (static)Daphnia EC50 948 h): 3.83 mg/lPhotobacterium phosphoreum EC50 (24 h): 0.0084 mg/lGammarus lacustris LC50 (48 h): 0.6 mg/l

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Ingredient Persistence: Water/Soil Persistence: Air

Ingredient Bioaccumulation

Ingredient Mobility

for naphthalene:Environmental fate:Naphthalene released to the atmosphere may be transported tosurface water and/or soil by wet or dry deposition. Since most airbornenaphthalene is in the vapor phase, deposition is expected to bevery slow(about 0.04–0.06 cm/sec). It has been estimated that about 2–3% of naphthaleneemitted to air is transported to other environmental media, mostly by dry deposition.Naphthalene in surface water may volatilise to the atmosphere. Therate of volatilization also depends upon several environmental conditions,including temperature, wind velocity, and mixing rates ofthe air and watercolumns.Log octanol/water partition coefficients (Kow) for naphthalenerange from 3.29 to 3.37 and log organic carbon coefficients (Koc) range from2.97 to 3.27. The reported experimentally determined logKoc is 3.11. Based on the magnitude of these values, it is expected that only a smallfraction (<10%) of naphthalene in typical surface water would be associatedwith particulate matter. Thus,naphthalene discharged to surface waters wouldremain largely in solution, with smaller quantities being associated withsuspended solids and benthic sediments.Naphthalene is easily volatilized from aerated soils and isadsorbed to a moderate extent (10%) . The extent of sorption depends on theorganic carbon content of the soil, with rapid movementexpected through sandysoils. The estimated soil adsorption coefficient for naphthalene in a soil with<0.6% organic carbon is 1.8 . Because it adsorbs to aquifer material,naphthalene's passagethrough groundwater will be somewhat retarded. However,sorption of naphthalene to aquifer materials with low organic carbon content(<0.03%) may be enhanced by the presence of nonioniclow-polarity organics,such as tetrachloroethene, commonly found at hazardous waste sites. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) for naphthalene have been measured and calculatedfrom the Kow,Koc, or water solubility. The values reported for log BCF rangefrom 1.6 to 3, indicating moderate bioconcentration in aquatic organisms.Naphthalene is reported to be rapidly eliminated frominvertebrates when theorganisms are placed in pollutant-free water, and naphthalene is readilymetabolized in fish . Based on the magnitude of the Kow, bioaccumulation in thefood chain is notexpected to occur. However, naphthalene exposure of cows andchickens could lead to the presence of naphthalene in milk and eggs.Limited data were located on transport and partitioning ofmethylnaphthalenes in the environment. The respective vapor pressures (0.054and 0.068 mmHg), water solubilities (25.8 and 24.6 mg/L),and Henry's lawconstants (3.60x10-4 and 4.99x10-4 atm-m3/mol) for 1-methylnaphthalene and2-methylnaphthalene are of similar magnitude to these properties fornaphthalene. Thus, it is likely thatloss of methylnaphthalenes from ambientwater occurs by volatilization. Based on the magnitude of log Kow for1-methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene (3.87 and 3.86, respectively) and theexperimental log Koc for 2-methylnaphthalene (3.93) , thesechemicals may partition similarly to naphthalene in environmental media and areexpected to be slightly mobile to immobile in soils. LogBCFs calculated for2-methylnaphthalene range from 2 to 2.8 and measured log BCFs for1-methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene in oysters ranged from 2.7 to 4.1.Methylnaphthalenes arealso metabolised and excreted rapidly by fish andshellfish when they are removed from polluted waters.The most important atmospheric removal process for naphthalene isreaction with photochemicallyproduced hydroxyl radicals. The major products of this reactionare 1- and 2-naphthol and 1- and 2-nitronaphthalene. Naphthalene also reactswith N2O5, nitrate radicals, and ozone in theatmosphere and photolysis isexpected to occur. Methylnaphthalenes also react with hydroxyl radicals.The reported rate constants are 5.30x10-11 and 5.23x10-11 cm3/molecule-secfor1-methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene, respectively. Based on anatmospheric hydroxyl radical concentration of 1x10 6/cm3, the correspondingatmospheric half-lives are 3.6 and 3.7hours. Reactions of1-methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene with N2O5 radicals have half-livesof 24 and 19 days, respectively. These chemicals also react withatmospheric ozone.Naphthalene and methylnaphthalenes are degraded in water byphotolysis and biological processes. The half-life for photolysis ofnaphthalene in surface water is estimated to be about 71 hours, butthehalf-life in deeper water (5 m) is estimated at 550 days. The half-lives forphotolysis of 1-methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene were estimated at 22and 54 hours, respectively.Biodegradation of naphthalene is sufficiently rapid for it to be adominant fate process in aquatic systems. Data on biodegradation of naphthalenein biodegradability tests and natural systemssuggest that biodegradationoccurs after a relatively short period of acclimation. Methylnaphthalenes arebiodegraded under aerobic conditions after adaptation. The highest degradationrates werereported in water constantly polluted with petroleum.Naphthalene biodegradation rates are about 8–20 times higher insediment than in the water column above the sediment. Methylnaphthalenesbiodegrade more slowly. Reported half-lives insediments were 46 weeks for1-methylnaphthalene and ranged from 14 to 50 weeks for 2-methylnaphthalene.In soils, biodegradation potential is important to biologicalremediation of soil. Studies on biodegradation of PAHs suggest that adsorptionto the organic matter significantly reduces thebioavailability formicroorganisms, and thus the biodegradability, of PAHs, including naphthalene.Biodegradation is accomplished through the action of aerobic microorganisms anddeclinesprecipitously when soil conditions become anaerobic. Studies indicatethat naphthalene biodegrades to carbon dioxide in aerobic soils, withsalicylate as an intermediate product. Abioticdegradation of naphthaleneseldom occurs in soils. The behavior of 1-methylnaphthalene in sandy loam wasvery similar to that of naphthalene. 1-Methylnaphthalene was easily volatilisedfromaerated soil, and the biodegradation half-life averaged between 1.7and 2.2 days.Ecotoxicity:Acute toxicity data on naphthalene are available for several fishspecies (freshwater and marine). If low reliable data (too old, static test,nominal concentrations) are excluded, 96h LC50 valuesrange from 1.8 to 7.8mg/L. Comparable results were obtained with other vertebrates (amphibians).From chronic toxicity tests, a precise NOEL is not clearlydetermined. A NOEC of 0.12 mg/L was observed in a 40 days test on juvenile pinksalmon, but 50% mortality at 0.11 mg/L was calculated fortrout fry exposedduring hatching.Several data are also available for invertebrates, showing 48hEC50 values ranging from 2.1 to 24 mg/L. Also in this case, higher figures mustbe taken with care due to nominal concentrations.Chronic data on freshwater invertebrates are methodologicallyunclear or questionable.On algae too, data available are obtained with hardly comparablemethodological approaches. 50% photosynthesis reduction was observed at 2.8mg/L in 4 hours experiments.QSAR predictions using equations for narcosis give resultsconsistent with experimental short-term data on fish daphnia and algae.DO NOT discharge into sewer or waterways.

Persistence and degradability

Ethylbenzene HIGH (Half-life = 228 days) LOW (Half-life = 3.57 days)

n-Nonane LOW LOW

Xylene (mixed isomers) HIGH (Half-life = 360 days) LOW (Half-life = 1.83 days)

Isopropanol LOW (Half-life = 14 days) LOW (Half-life = 3 days)

Naphthalene HIGH (Half-life = 258 days) LOW (Half-life = 1.23 days)

1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene LOW (Half-life = 56 days) LOW (Half-life = 0.67 days)

Bioaccumulative potential

Ethylbenzene LOW (BCF = 79.43)

n-Nonane HIGH (LogKOW = 4.7613)

Xylene (mixed isomers) MEDIUM (BCF = 740)

Distillates (petroleum),hydrotreated light

LOW (BCF = 159)

Solvent naphtha LOW (BCF = 159)

Isopropanol LOW (LogKOW = 0.05)

Stoddard solvent LOW (BCF = 159)

Naphthalene HIGH (BCF = 18000)

1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene LOW (BCF = 275)

Mobility in soil

Ethylbenzene LOW (KOC = 517.8)

n-Nonane LOW (KOC = 934.6)

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Isopropanol HIGH (KOC = 1.06)

Naphthalene LOW (KOC = 1837)

1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene LOW (KOC = 717.6)

SECTION 13 DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS

Waste treatment methods

Product / Packagingdisposal

Containers may still present a chemical hazard/ danger when empty. Return to supplier for reuse/ recycling if possible.

Otherwise:If container can not be cleaned sufficiently well to ensure that residuals do not remain or if the container cannot be used to store the same product, thenpuncture containers, to prevent re-use, and bury at an authorised landfill. Where possible retain label warnings and SDS and observe all notices pertaining to the product.

Legislation addressing waste disposal requirements may differ by country, state and/ or territory. Each user must refer to laws operating in their area. In someareas, certain wastes must be tracked.A Hierarchy of Controls seems to be common - the user should investigate:

Reduction Reuse Recycling Disposal (if all else fails)

This material may be recycled if unused, or if it has not been contaminated so as to make it unsuitable for its intended use. If it has been contaminated, it may bepossible to reclaim the product by filtration, distillation or some other means. Shelf life considerations should also be applied in making decisions of this type.Note that properties of a material may change in use, and recycling or reuse may not always be appropriate.

DO NOT allow wash water from cleaning or process equipment to enter drains. It may be necessary to collect all wash water for treatment before disposal. In all cases disposal to sewer may be subject to local laws and regulations and these should be considered first. Where in doubt contact the responsible authority. Recycle wherever possible or consult manufacturer for recycling options. Consult State Land Waste Authority for disposal. Bury or incinerate residue at an approved site. Recycle containers if possible, or dispose of in an authorised landfill.

SECTION 14 TRANSPORT INFORMATION

Labels Required

Marine Pollutant NO

Land transport (DOT): NOT REGULATED FOR TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS

Air transport (ICAO-IATA / DGR): NOT REGULATED FOR TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS

Sea transport (IMDG-Code / GGVSee): NOT REGULATED FOR TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS

Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL and the IBC code

Not Applicable

SECTION 15 REGULATORY INFORMATION

Safety, health and environmental regulations / legislation specific for the substance or mixture

Federal Regulations

Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA)

SECTION 311/312 HAZARD CATEGORIES

Immediate (acute) health hazard Yes

Delayed (chronic) health hazard No

Fire hazard Yes

Pressure hazard No

Reactivity hazard No

US. EPA CERCLA HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AND REPORTABLE QUANTITIES (40 CFR 302.4)

None Reported

State Regulations

US. CALIFORNIA PROPOSITION 65

None Reported

National Inventory Status

Australia - AICS Y

Canada - DSL Y

Canada - NDSL Y

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China - IECSC Y

Europe - EINEC / ELINCS /NLP

Y

Japan - ENCS Y

Korea - KECI Y

New Zealand - NZIoC Y

Philippines - PICCS Y

USA - TSCA Y

Legend:Y = All ingredients are on the inventoryN = Not determined or one or more ingredients are not on the inventory and are not exempt from listing(see specific ingredients in brackets)

SECTION 16 OTHER INFORMATION

Other information

Classification of the preparation and its individual components has drawn on official and authoritative sources as well as independent review by the Chemwatch Classification committee usingavailable literature references.The SDS is a Hazard Communication tool and should be used to assist in the Risk Assessment. Many factors determine whether the reported Hazards are Risks in the workplace or othersettings. Risks may be determined by reference to Exposures Scenarios. Scale of use, frequency of use and current or available engineering controls must be considered.

Definitions and abbreviations

PC－TWA: Permissible Concentration-Time Weighted AveragePC－STEL: Permissible Concentration-Short Term Exposure LimitIARC: International Agency for Research on CancerACGIH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial HygienistsSTEL: Short Term Exposure LimitTEEL: Temporary Emergency Exposure Limit。IDLH: Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health ConcentrationsOSF: Odour Safety FactorNOAEL :No Observed Adverse Effect LevelLOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect LevelTLV: Threshold Limit ValueLOD: Limit Of DetectionOTV: Odour Threshold ValueBCF: BioConcentration FactorsBEI: Biological Exposure Index

This document is copyright.Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of privatestudy, research, review or criticism, as permitted under the Copyright Act, nopart may be reproduced by any process without written permissionfromCHEMWATCH.TEL (+61 3) 9572 4700.

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end of SDS

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