fueling brazil: the effects of the ethanol cluster in the local community by thomaz alvares de...

8/8/2019 Fueling Brazil: The Effects of the Ethanol Cluster in the Local Community by Thomaz Alvares de Azevedo

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/fueling-brazil-the-effects-of-the-ethanol-cluster-in-the-local-community-by 1/16

XBL MG\_KAC GJ LKL_ET

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J\LCDKE O_A]DC= XBL LJJLIXY GJ XBL LXBAKGCIC\YXL_ DK XBL CGIAC IGNN\KDXT

Xbgna} Aczarly hl A}lzlhg -

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G dc vrdily bazl dkirlaylh ngrl xbak jdzljgch ydkil ?66?# 1 akh angke xbl naktdkkgzaxdzl vrgvgyacy xbax bazl ydkil ollk gjjlrlh jgr hlirlaydke gdc hl.

vlkhlkit# xbl vrgh|ixdgk gj odgj|lcy bay blch a ilkxrac vgydxdgk+ ? Ngrlgzlr#rlvcaidke gdc igky|nvxdgk udxb odgj|lcy acyg dy lyxdnaxlh xg hlirlayl vgcc|xdgk+H|rdke xbl \kdxlh Kaxdgky Icdnaxl Ibakel Igkjlrlkil gj ?664 "IGV1<$# Ora.}dcdak a|xbgrdxdly lyxdnaxlh xbax# dk xbl vayx 96 tlary ydkil xbl ig|kxrt yxarxlh vrgh|idke odgj|lcy# dx bay vrlzlkxlh xbl lndyydgk gj 266 ndccdgk xgky gj iarogkhdg dhl+9 Xbl |yl gj jggh ay rau naxlrdac jgr j|lc# bgulzlr# bay yvar`lh dkxlkylhloaxl0 irdxdiy y|ib ay Kgolc Vrd}l ca|rlaxl Va|c @r|enak bazl radylh xbl yvlixlr gj ak dklzdxaocl jggh'j|lc xrahl.gjj= ‒‒Cakh |ylh xg ergu odgj|lc jllhyxgi dy cakh kgx azadcaocl xg ergu jggh# yg y|oydhdly xg odgj|lcy arl a namgr jaixgr dk xbl jggh irdydy+——8 Y|ib igkilrky bazl ollk oacakilh ot xbl bgvl xbax xlibkgcgedly accgudkebdeblr.tdlch irgvy akh ngrl ljjdidlkx odgj|lc vrgh|ixdgk‘jgr l anvcl# |ydkey|eariakl.oaylh raxblr xbak igrk.oaylh lxbakgc‘nat rlclayl vrlyy|rl gk cakh

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Dk xbdy vavlr ul dkzlyxdeaxl xbl iayl gj Ora}dc# gkl gj xbl jlu ig|kxrdly xbaxbay aibdlzlh lklret ylcj.y|jjdidlkit vrlidylct xbrg|eb xbl |yl gj lxbakgc.oaylh xlibkgcget+ Ul jdryx ayylyy xbl jgrnaxdgk gj a y|eariakl lxbakgc vrgh|ixdgkic|yxlr dk xbl Ya˓g Va|cg yxaxl akh ul xblk goylrzl xbl ljjlixy gj y|ib a ic|yxlr gkkaxdgkac akh dkxrayxaxl dnnderaxdgk# caogr vrgh|ixdzdxt# akh |roakd}axdgk dk xugndirg.rledgky dk xbl igrl gj xbdy ic|yxlr# Ianvdkay akh Vdraidiaoa+

Oai`erg|kh

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XBL MG\_KAC GJ LKL_ET AKH HLZLCGVNLKX1<8



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Jgr xbl vrlvaraxdgk gj xbdy vavlr ul |ylh hdjjlrlkx haxaylxy lkignvayydke ak12.tlar yvak "1446.?665$+ Haxa jrgn Ora}dc# xbl Ya˓g Va|cg yxaxl# akh xbl ndirg.rledgky gj Ianvdkay akh Vdraidiaoa udxbdk xbdy yxaxl ulrl |xdcd}lh+ Ul |yl‒‒ndirg.rledgk—— xg rljlr xg a erg|vdke gj ogrhlrdke n|kdidvacdxdly ubgyl radygkh— lxrl dy xg dkxleraxl xbl vcakkdke akh l li|xdgk gj v|ocdi ylrzdily+ Acc xbl haxaylxyulrl vrgzdhlh ot xbl Ora}dcdak Dkyxdx|xl gj Elgeravbt akh Yxaxdyxdiy "DOEL$+Xbl yg|ril jgr xbl ergyy hgnlyxdi vrgh|ix "EHV$ gj xbl n|kdidvacdxdly dy jrgn Hdrlxgrda hl Vlyq|dyay# Iggrhlkai r ˓ ag hl Igkxay Kaidgkady akh ahhrlyyly xbltlary 1444.?66<+ Xbl yg|rily jgr vgv|caxdgk akh hlngeravbdi igkilkxraxdgk arlxbl Hlngeravbdi Ilky|y gj 1441 akh ?666 akh xbl Vgv|caxdgk Ig|kx gj 144: akh

?665+ Xbl dkh|yxrdac vrgh|ixdgk akh lnvcgtnlkx haxa arl jrgn xbl LkxlrvrdylElklrac Haxaylx " Iahayxrg Ilkxrac hl Lnvrlyay $ akh xbl Akk|ac Dkh|yxrt Y|rzlt"VDA$+

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vrgh|ixdgk dk Y˓ag Va|cg yxaxl udxb xbl rlyx gj xbl ig|kxrt# |ydke xbl yligkhart.ylixgr erguxb raxl ay a oayl cdkl+ Ul acyg cgg` ax xbl cgiaxdgk q|gxdlkx "CQ$‘xblraxdg gj xbl dkh|yxrt—y ybarl gj xgxac yxaxl lnvcgtnlkx rlcaxdzl xg dxy xgxac kaxdgkaclnvcgtnlkx‘airgyy xblyl dkh|yxrt ylenlkxy+ 1< Ul ybgu xbax xbl CQ jgr y|ear vrgh|ixdgk akh y|eariakl lxbakgc bay ollk rdydke dk Y a˓g Va|cg yxaxl# ubdcl xbl CQjgr xbl yligkhart ylixgr bay ollk jaccdke+ Ot ignvardke Y a˓g Va|cg yxaxl—y lxbakgcCQ akh dxy erguxb raxl zdy.af.zdy xbl rlyx gj xbl ig|kxrt# ul ybgu xbax xbl yxaxl gj Ya˓g Va|cg kgx gkct bay ollk yvlidacd}dke dk ogxb xbl y|ear vrgh|ixdgk akh y|e.ariakl lxbakgc ylixgry# o|x acyg xbax dx bay ollk igkilkxraxdke xbgyl ylixgry udxbdk

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lxbakgc nak|jaix|rdke ic|yxlr bazl ollk l vlrdlkidke ak dkirlayl dk |roakd}axdgk

J\LCDKE O_A]DC= XBL LJJLIXY GJ XBL LXBAKGC 1<<



ay ulcc ay dnnderaxdgk+ Ul ybgu xbax xug igrl rledgky# Ianvdkay akh Vdraididoa#l vlrdlkilh a vgydxdzl ygidac erguxb raxl# dkhdiaxdke xbax xblt arl rlildzdke yde.kdjdiakx dnnderaxdgk+ Ul j|rxblr ybgu xbax xblyl xug rledgky udxklyylh ydekdjdiakx|roak vgv|caxdgk erguxb dk rlilkx tlary+ Xblyl nlay|rly y|eelyx xbax xbl lxbakgcnak|jaix|rdke ic|yxlr dk Y a˓g Va|cg yxaxl bay bah ydekdjdiakx dnvaixy gk caogr ngodcdxt dk dxy igrl rledgky+

Y|ear Vrgh|ixdgk akh Y|eariakl Lxbakgc dk Y a˓g Va|cg Yxaxl= Xbl jdryx yxlv dk g|r akactydy uay xg ayylyy ublxblr xblrl l dyxy a bdyxgrdi aeecgnlraxdgk gj yligkhart.ylixgr dkh|yxrdly dk Y˓ag Va|cg yxaxl+ Dk grhlr xg hg yg# ul ignv|xlh xbl ybarl gj kaxdgkac lnvcgtnlkx "YB_$ gj xbdy ylixgr dk xbdy yxaxl h|rdke bacj a hliahl# jrgn?661 xg ?66<+1: Dk ?66< ay n|ib ay 9<+19 vlrilkx gj lnvcgtnlkx dk xbl yligkhartylixgr uay igkilkxraxlh dk Y a˓g Va|cg yxaxl# xbax dy# ngrl xbak gkl dk laib xbrllugr`lry "xaocl 1$+ Bgulzlr# gzlr xdnl ul jg|kh a yxlaht hl.igkilkxraxdgk# udxbxbl erguxb raxl gj lnvcgtnlkx dk xbdy ylixgr caeedke olbdkh xbl rlyx gj xbl ig|kxrt ot 1+92 vlrilkx vlr akk|n+ 15 Hlyvdxl xbdy cae dk xbl erguxb raxl# xbl cgiaxdgkq|gxdlkx uay 1+15# dkhdiaxdke a bdeblr xbak azlrael igkilkxraxdgk gj dkh|yxrdacaixdzdxt dk xbdy cgiaxdgk "xaocl ?$+12 Kgxudxbyxakhdke xbl ycgulh raxl gj erguxb dkxbl yligkhart.ylixgr gzlracc# xbl CQ ; 1 y|eelyxy xbax Y a˓g Va|cg yxaxl dy yvl.idacd}lh dk a k|nolr gj varxdi|car dkh|yxrdac aixdzdxdly# akh xbax xblyl dkh|yxrdlycd`lct eg oltgkh vrgzdhdke egghy akh ylrzdily ax a cgiac clzlc xg dkic|hl l vgrxy xggxblr rledgky+

Xbl yligkh yxlv dk g|r akactydy uay xg cgg` ax ublxblr xbl y|ear vrgh|ixdgk akh xbl y|eariakl lxbakgc vrgh|ixdgk dkh|yxrdly arl angke xbl yligkhart.ylixgr dk.h|yxrdly aeecgnlraxlh dk xbl Y a˓g Va|cg yxaxl+ Ngrl yvlidjdiacct# ul ulrl dkxlrlyxlh dk ublxblr xblyl dkh|yxrdly ulrl jgccgudke xbl vaxxlrk gj hl.igkilkxraxdgk gj xblyligkhart.ylixgr dkh|yxrdly gzlracc gr ublxblr xblt ulrl angke xbgyl dkh|yxrdly dkubdib xbl yxaxl bay ollk yvlidacd}dke# xb|y vgdkxdke xg a ic|yxlr jgrnaxdgk+ Dk grhlr xg akyulr xblyl q|lyxdgky ul iarrdlh g|x ak dkxlryxaxl akactydy dk ubdib ul

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XBL MG\_KAC GJ LKL_ET AKH HLZLCGVNLKX1<:



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Yligkhart ylixgr 1+?6 1+12 1+12 1+15 1+15Y|ear vrgh|ixdgk 6+52 6+24 6+2: 6+41 6+25Y|eariakl lxbakgc vrgh|ixdgk 6+42 6+5< 1+?4 1+1< 1+64


J\LCDKE O_A]DC= XBL LJJLIXY GJ XBL LXBAKGC 1<5



y|eariakl lxbakgc ylixgr dk Y a˓g Va|cg zdy.af.zdy xbgyl dk gxblr yxaxly jgr xbl ?661.?66< vlrdgh akh jg|kh a ydekdjdiakx ljjlix gj rledgk gk lnvcgtnlkx dk xbl lxbakgcylixgr "J"1# 5$ > 165+1?0 v 3 +661$+ Hlyvdxl xbl zlrt ynacc k|nolr gj goylrzaxdgky#ul jg|kh lzdhlkil xbax Y a˓g Va|cg yxaxl—y y|eariakl lxbakgc ylixgr bay ollkl vakhdke jayxlr xbak xbl y|eariakl lxbakgc ylixgr dk gxblr yxaxly0 dk ?66<# ayn|ib ay 9?+:5 vlrilkx gj lnvcgtnlkx dk xbl y|eariakl lxbakgc ylixgr uay igk.ilkxraxlh dk xbl Ya˓g Va|cg yxaxl+ Dk ahhdxdgk xg xbdy vaxxlrk gj igkilkxraxdgk# xblcgiaxdgk q|gxdlkx uay 1+64# dkhdiaxdke xbax Ya˓g Va|cg yxaxl dy cd`lct xg ol l vgrxdkey|eariakl lxbakgc xg gxblr ligkgndi arlay+ Xb|y# ul yll lzdhlkil jgr a xrahlh

y|eariakl lxbakgc ic|yxlr dk vcail dk Y a˓g Va|cg yxaxl "CQ ; 1$+Xblrljgrl# ubdcl xbl YB_ akh CQ akactyly hlngkyxraxl Y a˓g Va|cg yxaxl—y

yvlidacd}axdgk dk ogxb xbl y|ear vrgh|ixdgk akh xbl y|eariakl lxbakgc ylixgry# xblakactydy gj xbl lnvcgtnlkx erguxb raxl dk laib gj xblyl ylixgry ybguy xbl rly|cx gj xbdy yvlidacd}axdgk dy xbax xbl Ya˓g Va|cg yxaxl bay ollk aocl xg igkilkxraxl xbll vakydgk gj ogxb xblyl dkh|yxrdly udxbdk dxy ogrhlry+ Ul hdh kgx jdkh a y|ear vrgh|ixdgk.xrahlh ic|yxlr dk Y a˓g Va|cg yxaxl# o|x ul iak yvli|caxl xbax xbdy dy h|l xgcdk`aely olxullk xbdy ylixgr akh xbl y|eariakl lxbakgc ylixgr+

Xbl odeelr vdix|rl vgdkxy xg ygnl rlaygky ubt xbl ergudke xrahlh lxbakgcic|yxlr dk Ya˓g Va|cg yxaxl nat bazl ollk igkygcdhaxlh dk xbl cayx tlary+ Ay xbligkilkxraxdgk gj lxbakgc ugr`lry dk Y a˓g Va|cg yxaxl bay dkirlaylh# xbl rledgkac vrgh|ixdgk clzlc bay acyg ollk dkirlaydke# jayxlr xbak rledgkac igky|nvxdgk+ ?6

Xblyl xrlkhy vrgoaoct bazl dkxlkydjdlh ydkil ?669 ublk xbl Draqd uar oleak‘ yxarxdke a y`trgi`lxdke gj xbl vrdil gj gdc ?1 ‘akh jcl .j|lc iary olianl ignnlr.idacct zdaocl+??

Ygidac Erguxb# Vrgh|ixdzdxt# akh \roakd}axdgk dk Vdraidiaoa akh Ianvdkay= Dka ignvrlblkydzl dkzlyxdeaxdgk# Tay|ybd \l`d jg|kh xbax xbl namgr lkxdxdly dk.

zgczlh dk rlylarib akh hlzlcgvnlkx "_*H$ jgr xbl y|eariakl.vrgilyydke ylixgr dkOra}dc arl cgiaxlh dk xbl n|kdidvacdxdly gj Ianvdkay akh Vdraidiaoa akh xbldr kldebogrdke arlay dk xbl Ya˓g Va|cg yxaxl+?9 Xblyl ndirg.rledgky acyg rak`lh bdeb

Xaocl 9LNVCGTNLKX E_GUXB _AXL DK XBL Y\EA_ AKH

XBL LXBAKGC DKH\YX_DLY# ?661.?66<"dk vlrilkx$

LnvcgtnlkxErguxb _axl

Y|ear Vrgh|ixdgk Y|eariakl Lxbakgc

Ya˓g Va|cg Yxaxl _lyx gj Ora}dc Y a˓g Va|cg Yxaxl _lyx gj Ora}dc

Tlary ?661.?66< 1?+42 16+<2 16+8< 2+11


XBL MG\_KAC GJ LKL_ET AKH HLZLCGVNLKX1<2



dk y|eariakl vrgh|ixdgk+ Ubdcl Ianvdkay— ndirg.rledgky gii|vdlh xbl ?9rh vgydxdgk udxbdk xbl yxaxl—y :9 ndirg.rledgky# udxb 8#1?2#8<9 xgky vrgh|ilh dk ?66:#Vdraidiaoa—y ndirg.rledgk rak`lh 4xb udxb 4#<14#495 xgky+ Xblyl jdkhdkey kgx gkctigrrgograxl xbl vrlylkil gj ak lxbakgc ic|yxlr dk Y a˓g Va|cg yxaxl o|x acyg vrgzdhlygnl dkhdiaxdgk gj ublrl xbl igrl gj xbl ic|yxlr ndebx ol+ Xblrljgrl# ul iarrdlh g|xak akactydy gj ygidac erguxb akh |roakd}axdgk dk ndirg.rledgky dk Vdraidiaoa akh Ianvdkay dk grhlr xg ayylyy xbl vgxlkxdac ljjlixy gj ak lxbakgc ic|yxlr gk xblylndirg.rledgky+

Xbl Vdraidiaoa ndirg.rledgk# udxb <98#915 dkbaodxakxy dk ?665# rak`y 1:xbdk vgv|caxdgk yd}l angke xbl :9 ndirg.rledgky udxbdk xbl Y a˓g Va|cg yxaxl+ XblIanvdkay ndirg.rledgk# udxb ?#828#<<<# rak`y yligkh# gkct olbdkh xbl yxaxliavdxac gj Y˓ag Va|cg+ J|rxblrngrl# ogxb ndirg.rledgky arl l vlrdlkidke ak akk|ac vgv|caxdgk erguxb raxl aogzl xbl kaxdgkac akh yxaxl azlrael "xaocl 8$+ Xbl hdj.jlrlkil olxullk xbl ndirg.rledgk vgv|caxdgk—y erguxb raxl akh xbl ig|kxrt akh yxaxl raxl dy xbl ygidac erguxb raxl+ Xbl ygidac erguxb raxl iak ol |ylh ay a vrg t xgayylyy ublxblr a cgiaxdgk dy rlildzdke gr l vgrxdke nderakxy+ Dj xbl cgiaxdgk—y vgv|caxdgk erguxb raxl dy bdeblr xbak xbl ig|kxrt—y erguxb raxl# xblk xbl cgiaxdgk dycd`lct xg ol rlildzdke nderakxy+ G|r akactydy ybguy xbax ogxb xbl Vdraidiaoa akh xbl Ianvdkay ndirg.rledgky arl cd`lct xg ol rlildzdke kaxdgkac ay ulcc ay dkxrayxaxlnderakxy+ Xbdy dy ak l vlixlh ljjlix gj ic|yxlrdke0 a bdeb hlerll gj ligkgndiaixdzdxt xlkhy xg axxraix vlgvcl xg a rledgk+

Akgxblr ljjlix gjxlk ayygidaxlh udxb ic|yxlr jgrnaxdgk dy ak dkirlayl dk vlgvclngzdke xg |roak arlay+ ?8 Acxbg|eb Ya˓g Va|cg dy xbl ngyx |roakd}lh yxaxl dk Ora}dc#yg xbax xbl dkirlayl dk |roakd}axdgk xlkhy xg ol vrgvgrxdgkacct ynacclr# g|r akactydyybguy xbax ogxb xbl Vdraidiaoa akh xbl Ianvdkay ndirg.rledgky l vlrdlkilh ak

Xaocl 8VGV\CAXDGK E_GUXB _AXL AKH YGIDAC E_GUXB _AXL GJ VD_AIDIAOA AKH

IANVDKAY NDI_G._LEDGKY# 1441 AKH ?665"dk vlrilkx$

Vgv|caxdgk Erguxb _axl

Ygidac Erguxb _axl Ignvarlh xg

Ora}dc Ya˓g Va|cg Yxaxl

Ora}dc 1+99Ya˓g Va|cg yxaxl 1+9:

Ndirg.rledgk= Vdraidiaoa 1+<9 6+?1 6+15Ndirg.rledgk= Ianvdkay 1+42 6+:: 6+:?

Yg|ril= Oaylh gk Xbl Ora}dcdak Dkyxdx|xl gj Elgeravbt akh Yxaxdyxdiy "DOEL$#Ilkyg Hlnger ¸ ajdig #1441 akh ?666 # xaocl ?6? akh Igkxaeln ha Vgv|cai r ˓ ag # 144: akh ?665 # xaocly 85?akh 549# azadcaocl ax bxxv=''uuu+doel+egz+or'bgnl'lyxaxdyxdia'vgv|caiag'hlja|cxWilkygW?666+ybxnakh bxxv=''uuu+doel+egz+or'bgnl'lyxaxdyxdia'vgv|caiag'igkxaeln?665'hlja|cx+ybxn+

J\LCDKE O_A]DC= XBL LJJLIXY GJ XBL LXBAKGC 1<4



aogzl.azlrael dkirlayl dk |roakd}axdgk dk xbl vlrdgh jrgn 1441 xg ?666 "xaocl <$+Hlyvdxl xbl ynacc k|nolr gj goylrzaxdgky# xblrl yllny xg ol a xrlkh gj vlgvcl kgxgkct nderaxdke xg xblyl ndirg.rledgky# o|x nderaxdke xg xblyl ndirg.rledgky— |roakarlay+ Xbdy ndebx ol ak l xlrkacdxt ljjlix gj xbl jgrnaxdgk gj ak lxbakgc ic|yxlr dkxbdy arla+

Ak dnvgrxakx q|lyxdgk dy ublxblr xbl bdeb hlerll gj ligkgndi aixdzdxt xraky.caxly dkxg ligkgndi gvvgrx|kdxt+ Dk grhlr xg akyulr xbdy q|lyxdgk# ul |ylh a caogr vrgh|ixdzdxt akactydy gk xbl vlrdgh jrgn ?661 xg ?66<# ay uay hgkl jgr xbl YB_ akh CQ akactydy+?< Xbl |khlrctdke ayy|nvxdgk dy xbax dj xbl g|xv|x dkirlayly axa bdeblr raxl xbak lnvcgtnlkx# xbl rledgk dy l vlrdlkidke dnvrgzlnlkxy dk dxycaogr vrgh|ixdzdxt‘xg dkirlayl g|xv|x ot gkl |kdx xbl rledgk kllhy clyy xbak gkl|kdx gj caogr+ Xbl g|xv|x |kdx |ylh dk g|r akactydy uay EHV akh xbl |kdx gj caogr uay k|nolr gj vlgvcl lnvcgtlh+ Ul ybg|ch kgxl# kgklxblclyy# xbax ul arl kgx|ydke a ylixgr.yvlidjdi EHV ldxblr jgr y|eariakl lxbakgc gr jgr y|ear vrgh|ixdgk+

G|r akactydy ybguy "xaocl :$ xbax ogxb Ianvdkay akh Vdraidiaoa ndirg.rledgkyl vlrdlkilh a caogr vrgh|ixdzdxt erguxb raxl cgulr xbak Y a˓g Va|cg yxaxl gzlracc jgr xbl ?661.?66< vlrdgh+ Xbdy nlaky xbax acxbg|eb xblrl dy lzdhlkil gj xbl jgrnaxdgkgj ogxb a xrahlh y|eariakl lxbakgc ic|yxlr akh a cgiac y|ear vrgh|ixdgk ic|yxlr dkxbdy yxaxl# xbl ndirg.rledgky ax xbl igrl gj xbl y|eariakl lxbakgc ic|yxlry arl kgx`llvdke |v udxb xbl yxaxl—y dnvrgzlnlkxy dk caogr vrgh|ixdzdxt+ Gkl vgyydoclrlaygk jgr xbdy jdkhdke dy xbax xbl lxbakgc oggn jrgn xbl oledkkdke gj ?666y#

lyvlidacct h|l xg xbl ybarv dkirlayl gj gdc vrdily akh hlzlcgvnlkx gj ignvlxdxdzljcl .j|lc a|xgngodcly# dy yxdcc xgg rlilkx akh _*H dy yxdcc gkegdke+ Akgxblr cd`lctrlaygk dy rlcaxlh xg xbl ygidac erguxb l vlrdlkilh ot xblyl ndirg.rledgky+ Aydkirlayl dk ligkgndi gvvgrx|kdxt dy l vlixlh xg ol jg|kh dk arlay l vlrdlkidkeligkgndi erguxb# ay ublk ic|yxlry arl oldke jgrnlh akh vlgvcl nderaxl xg xblylarlay0 bgulzlr# xbgyl kluignlry "gr xbl cgiacy hdyvcailh ot xbln$ nat kgx bazllkhlh |v dk xbl ylixgr dk ubdib xbl arla dy yvlidacd}dke o|x raxblr arl ugr`dkeldxblr dk clyy yvlidacd}lh dkh|yxrdly gr dk xbl dkjgrnac ylixgr+?: Xb|y# xbl cgulr erguxb raxl dk caogr vrgh|ixdzdxt gj Ianvdkay akh Vdraidiaoa zdy.af.zdy xbl yxaxl

Xaocl <V_GVG_XDGK GJ VGV\CAXDGK _LYDHDKE DK \_OAK A_LAY# 1441 AKH ?666

"dk vlrilkx$

_lydhlkx Vgv|caxdgk dk 1441 ?666 Hdjjlrlkil

Ya˓g Va|cg yxaxl 4?+26 49+81 6+:1Vdraidiaoa ndirg.rledgk 41+62 4?+56 1+:?Ianvdkay ndirg.rledgk 4<+44 45+28 1+2<

Yg|ril= Oaylh gk haxa jrgn xbl Ora}dcdak Dkyxdx|xl gj Elgeravbt akh Yxaxdyxdiy "DOEL$#Ilkyg Hlnger ¸ ajdig # 1441 akh ?666 # xaocl ?6?# azadcaocl ax bxxv=''uuu+doel+egz+or'bgnl'lyxaxdyxdia' vgv|caiag'hlja|cxWilkygW?666+ybxn+

XBL MG\_KAC GJ LKL_ET AKH HLZLCGVNLKX1:6



nat ol ydekacdke xbl jaix xbax dkjgrnac caogr dy ergudke akh nat olignl ak dyy|ldk xbgyl ndirg.rledgky0 xbdy jdkhdke dy dk cdkl udxb xbl xblgrt xbax xbl jgrnaxdgk gj ic|yxlry clahy xg a ybdjx gj caogr jrgn rlcaxdzlct vggrlr arlay xg rlcaxdzlct rdiblr arlay+

Acxbg|eb ul bazl hdyi|yylh vgv|caxdgk nderaxdgk akh caogr vrgh|ixdzdxt#naxxlry y|ib ay adr vgcc|xdgk h|l xg lxbakgc vrgh|ixdgk akh xbl dnvaix gj lxbakgcgk dkxlrkaxdgkac xrahl arl yxdcc cljx gvlk+ Igkilrkdke xbl jgrnlr# a ?66: yx|ht gj adr vgcc|xdgk dk xbl idxt gj Vdraidiaoa jg|kh xbax h|rdke xbl y|eariakl o|rkdke vlrdgh xblrl uay a ydekdjdiakx dkirlayl dk rlyvdraxgrt bgyvdxac ahndyydgky h|l xg rl.

yvdraxgrt ytyxln igkhdxdgky# ydndcar xg xbl vblkgnlka gj l vgy|rl xg dkh|yxrdacakh zlbdicl.lndxxlh adr vgcc|xakxy+?5 Yg# v|ocdi ljjgrxy jgr dnvrgzdke lkzdrgk.nlkxac blacxb igkhdxdgky dk arlay ublrl y|eariakl dy oldke barzlyxlh jgr lxbakgcybg|ch ol xa`lk dkxg aiig|kx ot xbl cgiac ahndkdyxraxdgky udxbdk ndirg.rledgky xbaxrlct gk xbl lxbakgc ylixgr+

Igkilrkdke xbl caxxlr# Ora}dc—y Dkxlrkaxdgkac Xrahl Yx|hdly Jg|khaxdgk "J\K.ILR$# dk a rlvgrx xg xbl Ora}dcdak lnoayyt dk Uaybdkexgk# H+I+# yxaxly xbax ac.xbg|eb xbl lxbakgc vrgh|ixdgk gj xbl \kdxlh Yxaxly y|rvayyly Ora}dc# xbl \+Y+dnvgrxy gj Ora}dcdak lxbakgc bazl ollk ergudke ax bdeb raxly ydkil ?66<0 xbdy clzlc

gj dnvgrxy gj Ora}dc—y lxbakgc nat ergu lzlk ngrl dj xbl \+Y+ Igkerlyy hgly kgxrlklu xbl dnvgrx xardjjy gj (6+<8 vlr eaccgk vc|y ?+< vlrilkx ah zacgrln xa gklxbakgc+?2 Dj dnvgrx xardjjy dk xbl \kdxlh Yxaxly arl kgx rlklulh# xrahl xblgrt xlccy

Xaocl : KAXDGKAC# YXAXL# AKH NDI_G._LEDGK E_GYY HGNLYXDI V_GH\IX "EHV$#

LNVCGTNLKX# AKH CAOG_ V_GH\IXDZDXT E_GUXB _AXLY# ?661.?66<"dk vlrilkx$

?661.?66<

EHV erguxb raxl 11+::Ora}dc Lnvcgtnlkx erguxb raxl 9+48

Caogr vrgh|ixdzdxt erguxb raxl 5+5?EHV erguxb raxl 11+4?

Ya˓g Va|cg yxaxl Lnvcgtnlkx erguxb raxl 9+<<Caogr vrgh|ixdzdxt erguxb raxl 2+95EHV erguxb raxl 1?+:5

Ianvdkay ndirg.rledgk Lnvcgtnlkx erguxb raxl 8+59Caogr vrgh|ixdzdxt erguxb raxl 5+4<EHV erguxb raxl 16+14

Vdraidiaoa ndirg.rledgk Lnvcgtnlkx erguxb raxl 8+92Caogr vrgh|ixdzdxt erguxb raxl <+2?

Yg|ril= Haxa jrgn xbl Ora}dcdak Dkyxdx|xl gj Elgeravbt akh Yxaxdyxdiy "DOEL$#VDO hgy N|kdidvdgy# 1444.?66? akh ?66?.?66< # azadcaocl ax bxxv=''uuu+doel+egz+or'bgnl'lyxaxdyxdia'ligkgnda'igkxayrledgkady'?669W?665'hlja|cx+ybxn+

J\LCDKE O_A]DC= XBL LJJLIXY GJ XBL LXBAKGC 1:1



|y xbax xblrl udcc ol ngrl ignvlxdxdgk jgr Ora}dcdak lxbakgc akh# ay a rly|cx#igky|nlr y|rvc|y dk Ora}dc udcc hrgv ubdcl vrgh|ilr y|rvc|y udcc dkirlayl "hg.nlyxdi vrdily eg |v$+ ?4 Gj kgxl dy xbl jaix xbax ubdcl xbl \kdxlh Yxaxly udcc `llva (6+<1 vlr eaccgk lxbakgc y|oydht |kxdc ax clayx ?616# ydkil 1444 xbl Ora}dcdakegzlrknlkx bay kg y|oydht jgr dxy lxbakgc vrgh|ixdgk+ Xb|y# vgcdxdiac hlidydgkyigkilrkdke dkxlrkaxdgkac xrahl acyg ybg|ch ol xa`lk dkxg aiig|kx ot xbl cgiac ah.ndkdyxraxdgky udxbdk ndirg.rledgky xbax rlct gk xbl lxbakgc ylixgr+ _lh|ixdgk gj \+Y+ vrgxlixdgkdyn xg Ora}dc—y lxbakgc nat jgyxlr dnnderaxdgk xg ndirg.rledgkyudxbdk xbl Y˓ag Va|cg yxaxl "Ianvdkay akh Vdraidiaoa$# aiilclraxdke |roakd}axdgkxrlkhy lzlk ngrl+

Hdyi|yydgk

Udxb a oarrlc gj ir|hl gdc bazdke vayylh xbl (166 nar` dk ?662 akh lzdhlkiljgr ecgoac uarndke ng|kxdke# lklret gkil aeadk bay olignl a y|omlix gj btvl akh vgclndi+ Ygc|xdgky jgr hlirlaydke gdc hlvlkhlkit akh icdnaxl ibakel arl oldkehdyi|yylh akh# angke xbgyl# odgj|lcy cd`l lxbakgc bazl gii|vdlh a ilkxrac vgydxdgk+Bgulzlr# xbl cdxlrax|rl dy yxdcc vggr dk xlrny gj rlylarib rlearhdke xbl igkyl.q|lkily gj xbl l vakydgk gj xbl lxbakgc ylixgr xg xbl cgiac vgv|caxdgk+ Dk xbdy vavlr ul ayylyylh xbl jgrnaxdgk gj ak lxbakgc ic|yxlr dk xbl yxaxl gj Y a˓g Va|cg ay ulcc ay

xbdy ic|yxlr—y dnvaixy gk kaxdgkac akh dkxrayxaxl dnnderaxdgk# caogr vrgh|ixdzdxt#|roakd}axdgk# akh jggh vrgh|ixdgk+ Xbl akactydy vrlylkxlh dk xbdy vavlr vgdkxlh xga k|nolr gj igkic|ydgky rlearhdke xbl ljjlixy gj Ora}dc—y ergudke lxbakgc ylixgr+

Jdryx# ul jg|kh xbax dk ?66<# ngrl xbak gkl dk xbrll ugr`lry dk xbl yligkhartylixgr uay igkilkxraxlh dk xbl Y a˓g Va|cg yxaxl+ Ax xbl yanl xdnl# h|rdke xbl ?661.?66< vlrdgh# ul jg|kh a yxlaht hl.igkilkxraxdgk vaxxlrk udxb xbl yxaxl—y erguxbraxl gj lnvcgtnlkx dk xbl yligkhart ylixgr caeedke olbdkh xbl rlyx gj xbl ig|kxrt ot gj 1+92 vlrilkx vlr akk|n+ Hlyvdxl xbdy hl.igkilkxraxdgk vaxxlrk# dx dy ugrxb.ubdcl yxrlyydke xbax xbl raxdg gj xbl dkh|yxrt—y ybarl gj xgxac yxaxl lnvcgtnlkx

rlcaxdzl xg dxy xgxac kaxdgkac lnvcgtnlkx "CQ$ dkhdiaxlh a bdeblr xbak azlraeligkilkxraxdgk gj dkh|yxrdac aixdzdxt dk xbl Y˓ag Va|cg yxaxl+ Xbax dy# hlyvdxl xbl hl.igkilkxraxdgk lzdhlkx dk xbl yxaxl gzlracc# Y˓ag Va|cg dy yvlidacd}lh dk a vclxbgra gj dkh|yxrdac aixdzdxdly ax a clzlc xbax dy aogzl cgiac ic|yxlry "CQ ; 1$‘dkh|yxrdly xbaxeg oltgkh vrgzdhdke egghy akh ylrzdily jgr xbl rledgk dk ubdib xblt arl cgiaxlh xgrlaib gxblr rledgky+

Yligkh# ul jg|kh xbax dk ?66< ay nakt ay gkl dk jdzl ugr`lry dk xbl y|ear vrgh|ixdgk ylixgr akh acngyx gkl dk xbrll ugr`lry dk xbl y|eariakl lxbakgc ylixgr ulrl igkilkxraxlh dk Y a˓g Va|cg yxaxl+ Ngrlgzlr# h|rdke xbl ?661.?66< vlrdgh ul

jg|kh a igkilkxraxdgk vaxxlrk udxb xbl yxaxl—y erguxb raxl gj lnvcgtnlkx dk xbly|ear vrgh|ixdgk ylixgr akh xbl y|eariakl lxbakgc ylixgr oldke ydekdjdiakxct ablah gj xbl rlyx gj xbl ig|kxrt+ CQ akactydy dkhdiaxlh xbax Y˓ag Va|cg yxaxl dy |kcd`lct xg

XBL MG\_KAC GJ LKL_ET AKH HLZLCGVNLKX1:?



ol l vgrxdke y|ear xg gxblr ligkgndi rledgky o|x dy cd`lct xg ol l vgrxdke y|e.ariakl lxbakgc+ Xb|y# ul yll lzdhlkil jgr a cgiac y|ear vrgh|ixdgk ic|yxlr akh a xrahlh y|eariakl lxbakgc ic|yxlr dk vcail dk Y a˓g Va|cg yxaxl "CQ 3 1$+ Ubdcl xblYB_ akh CQ akactydy rlzlaclh Y a˓g Va|cg yxaxl—y yvlidacd}axdgk dk ogxb xbl y|ear vrgh|ixdgk akh xbl y|eariakl lxbakgc ylixgry# xbl akactydy gj xbl lnvcgtnlkxerguxb raxl gk laib gj xblyl ylixgry hlngkyxraxlh xbl rly|cx gj xbdy yvlidacd}axdgkdy xbax xbl Y˓ag Va|cg yxaxl bay ollk aocl xg igkilkxraxl xbl l vakydgk gj ogxb xblyldkh|yxrdly udxbdk dxy ogrhlry+

Xbdrh# g|r akactydy gj xbl y|eariakl lxbakgc ic|yxlr dk xbl yxaxl—y ndirg.rledgkygj Vdraidiaoa akh Ianvdkay ybgulh xbax ogxb ndirg.rledgky rlildzlh nderakxy dkxbl vlrdgh gj 1441.?661# akh xbax ogxb acyg bazl ollk l vlrdlkidke ak dkirlayl dk|roakd}axdgk+ Yxaxdyxdi xlyxy igkjdrnlh xbl xrlkh xbax vlgvcl arl kgx gkct nderaxdkexg xblyl ndirg.rledgky# o|x nderaxdke xg xblyl ndirg.rledgky— |roak arlay+ Xbdyndebx ol ak l xlrkacdxt ljjlix gj xbl jgrnaxdgk gj ak lxbakgc ic|yxlr dk xbdy arla+Bgulzlr# ul acyg ybgulh xbax ogxb ndirg.rledgky l vlrdlkilh a caogr vrg.h|ixdzdxt erguxb raxl cgulr xbak xbax gj xbl Ya˓g Va|cg yxaxl jgr xbl ?661.?66< vlrdgh+ Xbdy nlaky xbax acxbg|eb xblrl dy lzdhlkil jgr xbl jgrnaxdgk gj ogxba xrahlh y|eariakl lxbakgc ic|yxlr akh a cgiac y|ear vrgh|ixdgk ic|yxlr dk xbdy yxaxl#xbl ndirg.rledgky ax xbl igrl gj xbl y|eariakl lxbakgc ic|yxlry arl kgx `llvdke |vudxb xbl yxaxl—y dnvrgzlnlkxy dk caogr vrgh|ixdzdxt+ Ianvdkay— akh Vdraidiaoa—ydkjlrdgr caogr vrgh|ixdzdxt zdy.af.zdy xbl rlyx gj xbl yxaxl nat ol ydekacdke xbl jaix

xbax dkjgrnac caogr dy ergudke akh ig|ch olignl ak dyy|l dk xbgyl ndirg.rledgky+Xbdy jdkhdke dy dk cdkl udxb xbl xblgrt xbax xbl jgrnaxdgk gj ic|yxlry clahy xg xblybdjx gj caogr jrgn rlcaxdzlct vggrlr arlay xg rlcaxdzlct rdiblr arlay+

Xbl j|rxblr hlzlcgvnlkx gj xbl lxbakgc ic|yxlr udcc hlvlkh carelct gk ogxb xbl vgcdidly gj xbl v|ocdi ylixgr akh xbl iavaidxt gj xbl vrdzaxl ylixgr xg xa`l ahzakxaelgj ygvbdyxdiaxlh cgiac kllhy+ Xbl ylx gj vgcdidly xbax xbl v|ocdi ylixgr dk laib ndirg.rledgk udcc kllh xg oacakil dkic|hly dkjrayxr|ix|rl dkzlyxnlkx# jdkakidac dkilkxdzly#akh a rle|caxgrt lkzdrgknlkx xbax lkig|raely dkkgzaxdgk# 96 ubdcl dx udcc ol |v xg xbl vrdzaxl ylixgr xg vrgzdhl vrgh|ixy xbax yaxdyjt i|yxgnlr hlnakhy akh xbax arl vrg.

h|ilh dk ak lkzdrgknlkxacct jrdlkhct uat+91

Jgyxlrdke rledgkac ligkgndi hl.zlcgvnlkx yllny xg cdl dk a vrgilyy hrdzlk ot nar`lx jgrily xgelxblr udxb igkyidg|y vcakkdke xbax adny ax ogxb dhlkxdjtdke yxrlkexby dk grhlr xg dnvrgzl xbl o|ydklyylkzdrgknlkx akh dkzlyxdke xg yld}l gvvgrx|kdxdly xbax bazl vrlylkxlh xblnylczly+ 9?

Acxbg|eb g|r ljjgrxy bazl vrgzdhlh lzdhlkil gj xbl cgiaxdgk gj ak lxbakgc ic|yxlr dk Ora}dc akh xg|iblh gk ygnl gj xbl ljjlixy gj xbdy ic|yxlr gk dxy cgiaxdgk# ngrl dk.hlvxb dkzlyxdeaxdgky gj cdk`aely airgyy dkh|yxrdly ay ulcc ay l xlrkacdxdly yxdcc arlkllhlh+ Jgr l anvcl# dx dy rlaygkaocl xg l vlix xbax xbl q|lyx jgr dnvrgzdke ljjd.idlkit dk xbl vrgh|ixdgk gj lklret‘cd`l lxbakgc‘udcc elklraxl `kguclhel yvdcc.

gzlry dkxg gxblr dkh|yxrdly+ Xb|y# ak dkkgzaxdzl ic|yxlr ndebx olignl vrlzaclkx dkxbl yanl arlay dj xbl vrlylkil gj xbl lxbakgc vrgh|ixdgk dkh|yxrt axxraixy rlylaribakh hlzlcgvnlkx jdrny xg xbl rledgk# ubdib ug|ch ol goylrzaocl ay ak dkirlayl dk




xbl vrgvgrxdgk gj rlydhlkxy ugr`dke dk xbl yidlkil akh xlibkgcget ylixgr dk rledgkyy|vvgrxdke lxbakgc ic|yxlry+99

Jdkacct# dhlkxdjtdke xbl lnlrelkil gj o|ydklyy ic|yxlry dk hlzlcgvdke ig|kxrdlyakh xbldr ljjlixy gk xbl cgiac ignn|kdxdly dy dnvgrxakx ay rlylariblry igkxdk|l xgayylyy xbl igkylq|lkily gj xbl yxaeelrdke dkirlayl dk xbl |roak vgv|caxdgk dk xblhlzlcgvdke ugrch+ 98 Gk gkl bakh# idxt erguxb gjjlry y|ib ahzakxaely ay igyx.rlh|idke ligkgndly gj yiacl# ydkil vrg dndxt nat jgyxlr igcclixdzl ljjdidlkit# akh aeecgnlraxdgk# h|l xg xbl ljjlix gj vrg dndxt gk xbl aodcdxt gj jdrny xg clark jrgnlaib gxblr+ 9< Dx acyg gjjlry vgydxdzl ygidac akh ligkgndi l xlrkacdxdly y|ib ay iblavxrakyvgrx9: akh i|cx|rac anlkdxdly+ 95 Gk xbl gxblr bakh# idxt erguxb ordkey igk.elyxdgk jaixgry xbax nat dkirlayl igyxy# y|ib ay rlac lyxaxl yvli|caxdgk# akh kle.axdzl l xlrkacdxdly# y|ib ay vgcc|xdgk akh irdnl+92

Igkic|ydgk

Dk xbdy vavlr ul dkzlyxdeaxlh xbl jgrnaxdgk gj ak lxbakgc ic|yxlr dk xbl Y˓agVa|cg yxaxl dk Ora}dc# akh ul hlngkyxraxlh xbl ljjlixy gj xbdy ic|yxlr gk kaxdgkacakh dkxrayxaxl dnnderaxdgk# vrgh|ixdzdxt# akh |roakd}axdgk dk xug ndirg.rledgkyudxbdk xbdy yxaxl# Ianvdkay akh Vdraidiaoa+ Dk ?668# a yx|ht grhlrlh ot xblEgzlrkgr gj xbl Y a˓g Va|cg yxaxl rlvgrxlh xbax xbl Ora}dcdak y|eariakl aerdo|ydklyykgx gkct igrrlyvgkhlh xg ?+? vlrilkx gj xbl ig|kxrt—y EHV# o|x xbax dx acyg irlaxlh

avvrg dnaxlct 1 ndccdgk hdrlix mgoy# ax clayx 866#666 acgkl udxbdk xbl yxaxl og|khardly+ 94 Xbrg|ebg|x xbdy vavlr ul bazl ybguk xbax xbdy yvlidacd}axdgk baygkct hllvlklh dk xbl vayx jlu tlary# udxb xbl Y a˓g Va|cg yxaxl igkilkxraxdke ogxb gkxbl vrgh|ixdgk gj y|ear akh xbl l vakydgk gj xbl lxbakgc dkh|yxrt dk Ora}dc+ Dn. vgrxakxct# ul bazl goylrzlh xbax dk idxdly udxbdk xbl yxaxl ublrl xbdy dkh|yxrt dyjgi|ylh# xblrl ulrl ydekdjdiakx ygidgligkgndi dnvaixy gk xbl cgiac ignn|kdxdly=dnnderaxdgk akh |roakd}axdgk dkirlayl# a xrlkh xbax xlkhy gkct xg ergu ybarvlr aygxblr dkh|yxrdly ngzl xg xbl rledgk axxraixlh ot xbl igkhdxdgky irlaxlh ot xbllxbakgc ylixgr+ Xb|y# acxbg|eb xbl dnvaixy gj xbl odgj|lc ylixgr dk xbl ecgoacligkgnt iak ol xrlnlkhg|y# ul ybg|ch kgx hdyrlearh bgu xbl hlzlcgvnlkx gj xbdydkh|yxrt nat ajjlix xbgyl ignn|kdxdly ax dxy blarx+

KGXLY

1 H+ Egchnak# ‒‒Gdc Irgyyly _ligrh (116# Hlyvdxl Y|vvct _dyl#——IKK Ngklt # azadcaocl axbxxv=''ngklt+ikk+ign'?662'69'1?'nar`lxy'gdcWlda'dkhl +bxn# aiilyylh Narib 1?# ?662+

? H+ Ndxiblcc# N+ @gmdna# akh U+ Uarh# ‒‒Igkydhlrdke Xrahl Vgcdidly jgr Cdq|dh Odgj|lcy#——LklretYlixgr Nakaelnlkx Ayydyxakil Vrgeran Yvlidac _lvgrx gk _lkluaocl Lklret # k|nolr 8 "?665$+

9 I+ Idgoak|# ‒‒Ora}dc Hljlkhy Odgj|lcy ax Igvlkbaelk Y|nndx#—— E|arhdak Gkcdkl # azadcaocl axbxxv=''uuu+e|arhdak+ig+|`'lkzdrgknlkx'?664'hli'64'odgj|lcy.ora}dc.igvlkbaelk.y|nndx# aiilyylh Hlilnolr 4# ?664+

XBL MG\_KAC GJ LKL_ET AKH HLZLCGVNLKX1:8



8 V+ @r|enak# ‒‒Eradky Egkl Udch#——Xbl Klu Tgr` Xdnly # azadcaocl ax bxxv=''uuu+ktxdnly+ign'?662'68'65'gvdkdgk'65`r|enak+bxnc# aiilyylh Avrdc 5# ?662+

< Y+ Ndyaked akh N+ Ludke# ‒‒Jggh# Jllh# gr J|lc7——Elgrelxguk Mg|rkac gj Dkxlrkaxdgkac Aj. jadry# udkxlr.yvrdke ?662# vv+ 15.?9# akh A+ Urdebx# ‒‒Ora}dc.\+Y+ Odgj|lcy Iggvlraxdgk= Gkl Tlar Caxlr#——Ora}dc Dkyxdx|xl# Yvlidac _lvgrx#M|kl ?662# azadcaocl ax bxxv=''uuu+udcygkilkxlr+gre+

: M+ Zgk Ora|k# ‒‒Ublk Jggh Na`ly J|lc= Xbl Vrgndyly akh Ibacclkely gj Odgj|lcy#—— @ltkgxlahhrlyy# Vrgillhdkey ?665.Odgj|lcy# Lklret akh Aerdi|cx|rl # Xbl Iraujgrh J|kh Akk|ac Igk.jlrlkil# Iakolrra# A|yxracda# A|e|yx ?665# azadcaocl ax bxxv=''uuu+iraujgrhj|kh+gre'rlyg|rily'hgi+bxnc7v|ocdiaxdgk>?95*rxk>22+

5 H+ ]+ ]lke# @kguclhel# Xlibkgcget akh Ic|yxlr.Oaylh Erguxb dk Ajrdia "Uaybdkexgk# H+I+#=Xbl Ugrch Oak`# UOD Hlzlcgvnlkx Yx|hdly# ?662$0 @+ Kahzd# ‒‒Xbl I|xxdke Lhel= IgcclixdzlLjjdidlkit akh Dkxlrkaxdgkac Ignvlxdxdzlklyy dk Va`dyxak#—— G jgrh Hlzlcgvnlkx Yx|hdly# zgc+ ?5#

kg+ 1 "1444$# vv+ 21.1650 M+ Nltlr.Yxanlr# ‒‒Vaxb Hlvlkhlkil dk _ledgkac Hlzlcgvnlkx= Vlrydy.xlkil akh Ibakel dk Xbrll Dkh|yxrdac Ic|yxlry dk Yakxa Iaxardka# Ora}dc#——Ugrch Hlzlcgvnlkx#A|e|yx 1442# vv+ 1842.<110 B+ Yibndx}# ‒‒Gk xbl Ic|yxlrdke gj Ynacc Jdrny#——DHY O|cclxdk#M|ct144?# vv+ :8.:4+

2 K+ Ngrldra# ‒‒Ergudke L vlixaxdgky= Klu Xlibkgcget Ig|ch X|rk J|lc dkxg a O|nvlr Irgv#——Yidlkil Kluy # Gixgolr 1# ?66<# vv+ ?12.?6+

4 _+ Igblk# ‒‒Dy Lxbakgc jgr Lzlrtoght7——Xbl Klu Tgr` Xdnly # azadcaocl ax bxxv=''uuu+ktxdnly+ign'?662'61'16'gvdkdgk'16igblk+bxnc# aiilyylh Mak|art 16# ?662+

16

I+ Yvdx}# ‒‒A|xg.y|jdidˊlkida ln vlxrgclg jazgrlil ligkgnda l dkhlvlkhˊ lkida# hd} C|ca+——JgcbaGk.Cdkl # azadcaocl ax bxxv=''uuu1+jgcba+|gc+ign+or'jgcba'hdkbldrg' |cx41|1656:?+ybxnc# aiilyylh Avrdc ?1# ?66:+

11 N+ Y+ Mak`# ‒‒Vgxlkxdac Y|vvct akh Hlnakh jgr Odgj|lcy dk xbl Igndke Hliahl= Xguarhya \+Y+.Ora}dc Varxklrybdv#—— Vavlr vrlylkxlh ax xbl Ugghrgu Udcygk Dkxlrkaxdgkac Ilkxlr jgr Yibgcar—y Ylndkar gk ‒‒Xbl Ecgoac Htkandiy gj Odgj|lcy#—— Uaybdkexgk# H+I+# Jlor|art ?6# ?665#azadcaocl ax bxxv=''uuu+udcygkilkxlr+gre'xgvdiy'hgiy'UUI,?6Mak`,?6??jlz,?665+vhj+

1? N+ Y+ Mak`# ‒‒Lxbakgc‘Olkljdxy# _dy`y akh Ibacclkely+ Jrgn xbl Vrlydhlkx—y Hly`#—— Kgzlnolr ?9# ?664# azadcaocl ax bxxv=''lkecdyb+|kdia+ign+or'gvdkdag'ybgu+ayv7nyeIghl>O8JOJA8O.6J:I.89I<.259I.?O569:4LOL51# aiilyylh gk Hlilnolr 15# ?664+

19 N+ L+ Vgrxlr# ‒‒Cgiaxdgk# Ignvlxdxdgk akh Ligkgndi Hlzlcgvnlkx= Cgiac Ic|yxlry dk a EcgoacLigkgnt#——Ligkgndi Hlzlcgvnlkx Q|arxlrct# Jlor|art ?666# vv+ 1<.98+

18 C+ Ntxlc`a# ‒‒Jrgn Ic|yxlry xg Dkkgzaxdgk Ytyxlny dk Xrahdxdgkac Ytyxlny Dkh|yxrdly#—— dk Dkkgzaxdgk Ytyxlny akh Dkkgzaxdzl Ic|yxlry dk Ajrdia # lhy+ O+ C+ N+ Nuandca# C+ Xrgmlr# O+ Hdtanlxx#akh A+ @+ Xln|# Vrgillhdkey gj rledgkac igkjlrlkil gk Dkkgzaxdgk Ytyxlny akh Dkkgzaxdzl Ic|yxlrydk Ajrdia# Oaeangtg# Xak}akda# Jlor|art 12.?6# ?668+

1< Cgiaxdgk q|gxdlkx "CQ$ dy a raxdg nlay|rl gj xbl igkilkxraxdgk gj a ic|yxlr dk a varxdi|car cgiaxdgk rlcaxdzl xg xbl kaxdgkac azlrael+ Ul iaci|caxlh CQ ay "yxaxl dkh|yxrt lnvcgtnlkx'yxaxl xgxaclnvcgtnlkx$'"ig|kxrt dkh|yxrt lnvcgtnlkx'ig|kxrt xgxac lnvcgtnlkx$+ CQ ; 1 dkhdiaxly bdeblr xbak azlrael igkilkxraxdgk dk xbax cgiaxdgk+

J\LCDKE O_A]DC= XBL LJJLIXY GJ XBL LXBAKGC 1:<



91 A+ Baodot# ‒‒Ndibalc Vgrxlr gk Lyylkxdac Lclnlkxy jgr _ledgkac Ignvlxdxdzlklyy akh xbl _gclgj xbl Dkklr Idxt#——Ligkgndi Hlzlcgvnlkx gj Anlrdia # yvrdke ?668+

9? N+ L+ Vgrxlr lx ac+# ‒‒Ignvlxdxdzlklyy dk _|rac \+Y+ _ledgky= Clarkdke akh _lylarib Aelkha#——_lvgrx vrlvarlh jgr xbl Ligkgndi Hlzlcgvnlkx Ahndkdyxraxdgk gj xbl \+Y+ Hlvarxnlkx gj Ign.nlril# Uaybdkexgk# H+I+# Jlor|art ?<# ?668+

99 H+ A|hrlxyib akh N+ V+ Jlchnak# ‒‒_*H Yvdccgzlry akh xbl Elgeravbt gj Dkkgzaxdgk akh Vrgh|ixdgk#——Xbl Anlrdiak Ligkgndi _lzdlu # M|kl 144:# vv+ :96.86+

98 Lyxdnaxly gj xbl \kdxlh Kaxdgky \kdzlrydxt# Ugrch Dkyxdx|xl jgr Hlzlcgvnlkx Ligkgndiy_lylarib "\K\.UDHL_$# azadcaocl ax bxxv=''uuu+udhlr+|k|+lh|+

9< E+ Ergyynak akh B+ Lcbakak# Dkkgzaxdgk akh Erguxb dk xbl Ecgoac Ligkgnt " Ianordhel#Nayyaib|ylxxy= NDX Vrlyy# 1441$# akh V+ @r|enak# ‒‒Dkirlaydke _lx|rky akh Ligkgndi Elgera. vbt#——Mg|rkac gj Vgcdxdiac Ligkgnt # M|kl 1441# vv+ 829.44+

9: B+ @gkdybd# ‒‒Jgrnaxdgk gj B|o Idxdly= Xrakyvgrxaxdgk Igyx Ahzakxael akh Vgv|caxdgk Ae.ecgnlraxdgk#——Mg|rkac gj \roak Ligkgndiy# M|ct ?666# vv+ 1.?2+

95 N+ Mlk`y akh K+ Hlnvylt# J|x|rl Jgrny akh Hlydek jgr Y|yxadkaocl Idxdly "G jgrh= Ar.ibdxlix|rac Vrlyy# ?66<$+

92 N+ V+ Xgharg akh Y+ I+ Yndxb#Ligkgndi Hlzlcgvnlkx# 2xb lh+ "Klu Tgr`= Ahhdygk Ulyclt#?669$+

94 D+ hl Nailhg# N+ Clac# akh M+ ha Ydcza#Ayylyynlkx gj Erllkbg|yl Eay Lndyydgky dk xbl Vrgh|ixdgk akh \yl gj J|lc Lxbakgc dk Ora}dc # Ylirlxardax gj Lkzdrgknlkx gj xbl Yxaxl gj Ya˓gVa|cg# Narib ?668# azadcaocl ax bxxv=''uuu+udcygkilkxlr+gre'lzlkxy'hgiy'ora}dc+|kdianv+nailhg+erllkbg|yleay+vhj+


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