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Faculty of Science

Department of Physics

Syllabus for

Four-Year (Eight Semesters) B.Sc. Honours Degree

Session: 2010 – 2011

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Introduction

Major Areas of Study and Course Outline

Semester-Wise Credit Distribution

Curriculum

Course Contents

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FACULTY OF SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

B.Sc. (Honours) Syllabus Session: 2010 – 2011

Introduction: �

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Major Areas of Study and Course Outline Course Outline:

1. Mathematics Course 2. Chemistry Course 3. Computer Science Course 4. Statistics Course 5. English Course 6. Physics Course

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Major Courses in Physics 1. Mechanics and Properties of Matter 2. Electromagnetism 3. Mathematical Physics-I 4. Waves and Vibrations 5. Mathematical Physics-II 6. Thermal Physics 7. Optics 8. Classical Mechanics 9. Electrodynamics 10. Basic Electronics 11. Relativity: Special & General 12. Radiation and Statistical Mechanics 13. Atomic and Molecular Physics 14. Nuclear Physics-I 15. Quantum Mechanics-I 16. Solid State Physics-I 17. Non-conventional Energy 18. Nuclear Physics-II 19. Quantum Mechanics-II 20. Solid State Physics-II 21. Plasma Physics 22. Pulse and Digital Electronics 23. Materials Science 24. Semiconductor Physics 25. Reactor Physics 26. Geophysics 27. Crystallography and Spectroscopy 28. Superconductivity 29. Fiber Optic Communication 30. Biomedical Physics 31. Particle Physics 32. Methods of Experimental Physics 33. Project Work

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Semester-Wise Credit Distribution Summary of credit distribution for the degree of B.Sc. (Honours) in Physics

Number of Credit Distributed in different disciplines

Physics Year Semester

Mathematics Chemistry Computer Science Statistics English

Theory Practical/ Project

General Viva -Voce

Cumulative

Credit

Total

Credit

1st -- 4 -- 3 -- 9.0 3.0 1.0 20

1st 2nd

3 3 -- 3 6.0 4.0 1.0 20 40

1st

3 -- 4 -- -- 9.0 4.0 1.0 21 2nd

2nd

2 -- -- -- -- 13.0 4.0 1.0 20 41

1st

-- -- 4 12.0 4.0 1.0 21 3rd

2nd

-- -- -- 15.0 4.0 1.0 20 41

1st

-- -- -- 14.0 4.0 1.0 19 4th

2nd

-- -- -- 14.0 4.0 1.0 19 38

Total 8 8 7 8 3 3 92.0 31.0 8.0 160.0

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The detailed distribution of courses in four academic years will be as follows: First Year: Semester I

Course No. Course Title Hours/Week Theory + Lab. Credit

PHY 1101 Mechanics and Properties of Matter 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 1102 Physics Practical-I 0 + 3 1.5

PHY 1103 Electromagnetism 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 1104 Physics Practical-II 0 +3 1.5

PHY 1105 Mathematical Physics-I 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 1106 Inorganic and Organic Chemistry 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 1107 Chemistry Practical 0 + 2 1.0

PHY 1108 Principles of Statistics 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 1109 General Viva Voce 1.0

Total 15 + 8 = 23 20.0

First Year: Semester II

Course No. Course Title Hours/Week Theory + Lab. Credit

PHY 1201 Waves & Vibrations 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 1202 Mathematical Physics-II 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 1203 Physical Chemistry 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 1204 Differential & Integral Calculus 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 1205 English 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 1206 Physics Practical-III 0 + 8 4.0

PHY 1207 General Viva Voce 1.0

Total 15 + 8 = 23 20.0

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Second Year: Semester I

Course No. Course Title Hours/Week Theory + Lab. Credit

PHY 2101 Thermal Physics 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 2102 Physics Practical-IV 0 + 4 2.0

PHY 2103 Optics 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 2104 Physics Practical-V 0 + 4 2.0

PHY 2105 Classical Mechanics 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 2106 Computer Fundamentals 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 2107 Computer Fundamentals Practical 0 + 2 1.0

PHY 2108 Algebra & Geometry 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 2109 General Viva Voce 1.0

Total 15 + 10 = 25 21.0

Second Year: Semester II

Course No. Course Title Hours/Week

Theory + Lab. Credit

PHY 2201 Electrodynamics 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 2202 Basic Electronics 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 2203 Relativity: Special & General 2 + 0 2.0

PHY 2204 Radiation and Statistical Mechanics 2 + 0 2.0

PHY 2205 Atomic and Molecular Physics 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 2206 Numerical Methods 2 + 0 2.0

PHY 2207 Physics Practical-VI 0 + 8 4.0

PHY 2208 General Viva Voce 1.0

Total 15 + 8 = 23 20.0

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Third Year: Semester I

Course No. Course Title Hours/Week

Theory +Lab. Credit

PHY 3101 Nuclear Physics-I 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 3102 Quantum Mechanics-I 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 3103 Solid State Physics-I 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 3104 Non-conventional Energy 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 3105 Computer Programming 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 3106 Computer Programming Practical 0 + 2 1.0

PHY 3107 Physics Practical-VII 0 + 8 4.0

PHY 3108 General Viva Voce 1.0

Total 15 + 10 = 25 21.0

Third Year: Semester II

Course No. Course Title Hours/Week Theory + Lab. Credit

PHY 3201 Nuclear Physics-II 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 3202 Quantum Mechanics-II 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 3203 Solid State Physics-II 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 3204 Plasma Physics 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 3205 Pulse and Digital Electronics 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 3206 Physics Practical-VIII 0 + 8 4.0

PHY 3207 General Viva Voce 1.0

Total 15 + 8 = 23 20.0

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Fourth Year: Semester I

Course No. Course Title Hours/Week

Theory + Lab. Credit

PHY 4101 Materials Science 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 4102 Semiconductor Physics 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 4103 Reactor Physics 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 4104 Geophysics 2 + 0 2.0

PHY 4105 Crystallography and Spectroscopy 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 4106 Physics Practical- IX 0 + 8 4.0

PHY 4107 General Viva Voce 1.0

Total 14 + 8 = 22 19.0

Fourth Year: Semester II

Course No. Course Title Hours/Week

Theory +Lab. Credit

PHY 4201 Superconductivity 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 4202 Fiber Optic Communication 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 4203 Biomedical Physics 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 4204 Particle Physics 3 + 0 3.0

PHY 4205 Methods of Experimental Physics 2 + 0 2.0

PHY 4206 Project Work 4.0

PHY 4207 General Viva Voce 1.0

Total 14 + 0 =14 19.0

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Syllabus for B.Sc. (Honours) in Physics Session 2010-2011

PHY 1101 Mechanics and Properties of Matter 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Particle Dynamics: Kinematics in two and three Dimensions; Projectile Motion;

Uniform Circular Motion; Conservative and Non-Conservative Forces; Potential Energy Function; Conservation of Momentum; Collision Problems; Center of Gravity and Mass.

2. Rotational Dynamics: Torque and Angular Momentum; Conservation of Angular Momentum; Kinetic Energy of Rotation and Moment of Inertia; Theorems of Parallel and Perpendicular Axes for the Calculation of Moment of Inertia; Calculation of Moment of Inertia of Solids of Different Shapes.

3. Gravitation: The Law of Universal Gravitation; Determination of the Value of the Constant of Universal Gravitation G; Inertial and Gravitational Mass; Variation in Acceleration due to Gravity; Gravitational Field and Potential; Gravitational Field Equations; The Motion of Planets and Satellites and Kepler’s Laws; Gravitational Potential Energy and Escape Velocity.

��� Mechanics of Elastic Media: Elastic Constants and their Relationships; Theory of Bending Beams; Torsion of Cylinder.

5. Surface Tension: Molecular Phenomenon; Surface Energy; Curvature; Pressure and Surface Tension; Angle of Contact; Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube; Theory of Ripples and the Problem of a Floating Needle.

6. Fluid Dynamics: Streamline and Turbulent Flow; Equation of Continuity; Bernoulli’s Equations and its Applications; Poiseuille’s Equation for Fluid Flow; Stoke’s Law – Measurement of Viscosity; Effect of Temperature and Pressure on Viscosity.

Books Recommended: 1. Halliday, D. Resnick, R. and Krane : Physics (Vol. I & II) 2. Symon : Mechanics. 3. Francis W. Sears, Mark W. Zemansky. : University Physics. 4. Dr. Gius Uddin Ahmed, Physics for Engineers Part-I 5. D.S. Mathur Elements of Properties of Matter

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PHY 1102 Physics Practical-I 3 Hours/week, 1.5 Credits

List of Experiments:

1. Determination of moment of inertia of a flywheel. 2. Determination of g by and K of a compound pendulum. 3. Determination of young’s modulus of a material by the method of bending. 4. Determination of rigidity modulus of a material by the statical method. 5. Using a flat spring:

i. Verification of Hooke’s law and hence determination of stiffness constant. ii. Determination of g and the effective mass of the spring.

6. Determination of modulus of rigidity of the material of a spring. 7. Determination of elastic constants (y, n, k,σ) of the material of a wire by Searle’s

method. 8. Determination of surface tension of water by capillary rise method (h′-1/r curve is

to be plotted). 9. Determination of surface tension and angle of contact of mercury by Quincke’s

method. 10. Determination of surface tension of water by ripple method. 11. Determination of viscosity of water by capillary flow method. Books Recommended Chawdhury, SA and Basak, AK Byaboharik Padartha Vidya (Bangla) Ahmed, G and Uddin, MS Practical Physics Din, K Practical Physics Nelkon, M and Ogborn, JM Advanced Level Practical Physics Tyler, F Laboratory Manual of Physics Worsnop, BL and Flint, HT Advanced Practical Physics Topping, W Errors of Observations

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PHY 1103 Electromagnetism 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Electrostatics: Coulomb’s Law; Electric Field; Electric Potential and Potential

Function; Gauss’ Law and its Applications; Electric Dipole and Quadrupole; Electric Field in Dielectric Media; Polarization; Gauss’ Law for Dielectrics; Permittivity; Condensers; Solution of Electrostatic Problems by the Method of Images.

2. Electric Current: Ohm’s Law; Current Density; Conductivity; Resistivity; Kirchhoff’s Laws and their Applications.

3. Magnetic Fields and Interactions: Magnetic Force on Charge and Current; Magnetic Effects of Current; Moving Coil Galvanometers: Dead Beat and Ballistic Galvanometer; Determination of Specific Charge of Electron; Analog Voltmeter and Ammeter; Biot-Savart’s Law and its Applications; Ampere’s Law on Charge and Current.

4. Electromagnetic Induction: Lorentz Force Law; Faraday’s and Lenz’s Laws; Self-and Mutual Induction; Solenoids; Growth and Decay Of Current in the Circuits of L, C and R Combinations; Concept of Electric Generator and Motors.

5. Alternating Current: Power and Power Equations; L, C and R in AC Circuits; Vector Diagram and Use of Complex Quantities; Polar Representations of AC Circuits; Resonance and Anti-Resonance Circuits; Q Factors; Transformers; AC Measuring Instruments, AC Bridge.

Books Recommended Halliday, D and Resnick, R Physics Rafiqullah, AK et al Concepts of Electricity and Magnetism Kip, A Fundamentals of Electricity and Magnetism Tewari, KK Electricity and Magnetism Islam, AKMA et al Tarit Chumbak Tatwa O Adhunik Padartha Vijnan Young,HD et al University Physics Duffin, WJ Electricity and Magnetism Page, L and Adams, NI Principles of Electrical Technology Theraja, BL Text Book of Electrical Technology Purcell, EM Electricity and Magnetism Agarwal, JP Circuit Fundamentals and Basic Electronics

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PHY 1104 Physics Practical-II 3 Hours/week, 1.5 Credits

List of Experiments:

1. Determination of the mutual inductance of two coils. 2. Study of the variation of the reactance due to L and C with frequencies and hence

to find the condition of the resonance from the (X-F) curves. 3. Determination of the resonance frequency in LCR circuits with: a) L and C in

series, b) L and C in parallel. 4. Vector representation of the voltages in an AC circuit containing L, C and R and

study of the variation of the phases with frequency. 5. Calibration of a meter bridge. 6. Determination of specific resistance of a wire by Wheatstone’s Bridge (with end

corrections). 7. Determination of the galvanometer constant and resistance. 8. Measurement of the low resistance by the method of fall of potential. 9. Determination of the internal resistance of a cell by a potentiometer (I-R graph is

to be plotted). 10. Preparation of a one-ohm coil. Books Recommended Chawdhury, SA and Basak, AK Byaboharik Padartha Vidya (Bangla) Ahmed, G and Uddin, MS Practical Physics Din, K Practical Physics Nelkon, M and Ogborn, JM Advanced Level Practical Physics Tyler, F Laboratory Manual of Physics Worsnop, BL and Flint, HT Advanced Practical Physics Topping, W Errors of Observations

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PHY 1105 Mathematical Physics-I 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Basic Concepts: Classification of Differential Equations, Their Origin and

Solutions; Initial-value Problems; Boundary-value Problems; Existence of Solutions.

2. First Order Differential Equations: Exact Differential Equations and Integrating Factors; Separable, Homogeneous and Linear Equations.

3. Higher Order Linear Differential Equations: Basic Theory of Linear Differential Equations; The Homogeneous Linear Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients.

4. Non-homogeneous Differential Equations: The Method of Undetermined Coefficients; Variation of Parameters.

5. Series Solutions of Linear Differential Equations: Power Series Solutions about an Ordinary Point; Series Solutions about Regular Singular Points.

6. Functions: Gamma and Beta Functions; Bessell’s Functions; Legendre Function-Legendre and Associated Legendre Polynomials; Hermite Polynomials; Laguerre Polynomials; Dirac Delta Function; Hypergeometric Functions; Fourier and Laplace Transforms.

7. Matrices: Types of Matrices; Matrix Equivalence; Adjoint and Inverse of a Square Matrix; Orthogonal and Unitary Matrices; Vector Spaces; Linear Equations; Characteristic Roots and Vectors; Diagonalization of Matrices.

Books Recommended Ross, SL Differential Equations Simmons Diff. Eqs. with Applications & Historical Notes Arfken, GB Mathematical Methods in Physics Wong, CW Introduction to Mathematical Physics Farid, SM Introduction to Vectors and Special Functions Margenau, H and Murphy, GM Mathematics of physics and Chemistry Pipes, L and Harvill, LR Applied Mathematics for Engineers and

Physicists Sokolnikoff, IS and Redheffer, RM Mathematics for Physics and Modern Physics Ayres, F Theory of Matrices ��������

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PHY 1106 Inorganic and Organic Chemistry 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Atomic Structure: Elementary Ideas on Atomic Structure; Electronic

Configuration of Elements. 2. Periodic Classification of Elements: Modern Periodic Table; Periodic

Classification of Elements; Correlation of Periodic Classification with Electronic Configuration; Investigation on Some Periodic Properties; Atomic Radius; Ionic Radius; Covalent Radius; Ionization Potential; Electron Affinity; Electronegativity.

3. Group Study of Elements: Alkali Metals; Alkaline Earth Metals; Halogens; Inert Gases and Transition Elements.

4. Chemical Bond: Different Types of Chemical Bonding; Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals and Shapes of Molecules; Molecular Orbitals; Bond Length and Bond Strength.

5. Aliphatic Compounds: Nomenclature of Organic Compounds; Preparation and Properties of Alcohols; Halides; Aldehydes; Ketones and Carbooxylic Acids; Coordination Compounds.

6. Aromatic Compounds: Aromaticity; Orientations; Preparations and Properties of Benzene; Phenol; Nitrobenzene and Aniline; Elementary Idea on Alicyclic and Heterocyclic Compounds.

7. Synthesis: Synthesis Involving Grignard Reagent; Malonic Ester; Aceto-Acetic Ester and Diazonium Salts.

Books Recommended Haider, SZ Modern Inorganic Chemistry Moeller, T Modern Inorganic Chemistry Gilreath, E Fundamental Concepts of Inorganic Chemistry Seberra, DK Electronic Structure and Chemical Bonding Ahmed, M & Jabbar, A Organic Chemistry Finar, IM Organic Chemistry Bahl, BS and Bahl, A Advanced Organic Chemistry Ahmed and Hossain Snatak Ajaiba Rasayan (Bangla) Ahmed, AKS Ajaiba Rasayan (Bangla)

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PHY 1107 Chemistry Practical 2 Hours/week, 1.0 Credit 1. Introducing some common apparatus and reagents: (a) Use of balance, (b) Use of graduated glassware, (c) Water for laboratory use,

(d) Reagents and standard solution 2. Some basic techniques:

a. Preparation of the substance for analysis and weighing the sample b. Preparation of the solution of the sample

3. Systematic qualitative analysis of inorganic substances a. Physical appearance b. Preliminary dry test

4. Removal of interfering acids for systematic examination of bases in solution 5. Analysis of insoluble substances 6. Determination of melting point of solid and boiling point of liquid organic

compounds. 7. Detection of N, S and halogens in organic compounds. 8. Solubility test and classification of the organic compounds Books Recommended: 1. G.H. Jeffery, J. Bassett, J. Mendham and R.C. Denney: Vogel’s Quantitative

Chemical Analysis, Longman Scientific & Technical, New York. 2. A. Khalique, A Text Book of Practical Chemistry, Ideal Library, Bangla Bazar,

Dhaka. 3. H.Dupont Durst and George W. Gokel, Experimental Organic Chemistry,

McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1987. 4. Vogel’s Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry, ELBS with Longman, 5th

Edition. 5. Louis F. Fiesser, Kenneth L. Williamson, Organic Experiment, D.C. Health &

Company Lexington, Massachusetts, Toronto, 4th Edition

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PHY 1108 Principles of Statistics 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) �

1. Statistics: Meaning and Scope; Variables and Attributes; Collection and

Presentation of Statistical Data; Frequency Distribution and Graphical Representation.

2. Univariate Distribution: Location; Dispersion and their Measures; Skewness; Kurtosis and their Measures; Moment and Cumulants Density Function; Distribution Function; Moment and Cumulant Generating Function; Binomial, Poisson, Normal Distributions and their Properties.

3. Element of Probability: Sample Space; Events; Union and Intersection of Events; Probability of Events; Frequency Limit and Probability.

4. Bivariate Distribution: Bivariate Quantitative Data; Scatter Diagram, Marginal and Conditional Distributions; Correlation; Regression; Partial and Multiple Correlations; Rank Correlation.

5. Linear Regression: Linear Regression Involving Nonrandom Variables; Principle of Least Squares; Lines of Best Fit; Residual Analysis.

6. Large Sample Test of Significance: Basic Ideas about Sampling Distribution; Population and Sample; Tendency of Normality of Statistics; Standard Errors of Mean, Variance and Proportion; Test of Significance in Large Sample; Comparison of Means; Proportions and Variances; Correlation and Regression Coefficients.

Books Recommended M. Nurul Islam An Introduction to Statistics and Probability Anderson, AJB Interpreting Data Arley, N and Buch, KR Intro. to the Theory of Probability and Statistics Bulmer, MG The Elements of Probability Theory David, FN A First Course in Statistics Feller, W Introduction Statistics Hoel, PG Introduction to probability Theory Lindley, DV Introductory to Probability and Statistics Wonnacot and Wonnacot Introductory Statistics Lipschutz, S Probability PHY 1109 General Viva Voce 1.0 Credit

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PHY 1201 Waves & Vibrations 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Free Vibration: Harmonic Motion; Mathematical Representation; Boundary

Conditions; Vector Representation: Velocity; Acceleration and Their Phase Relationship; Energy of a Harmonic Oscillator; Torsional Pendulums.

2. Damped and Forced Vibration: Damping Forces; Types of Damping; Logarithmic Decrement; Relaxation Time and Quality (Q) Factor; Electromagnetic Damping; Forced Oscillator; Steady State and Transient Solutions;

3. Coupled Oscillators and Normal Modes of Continuous System: Coupled Oscillators; Normal Coordinates and Normal Modes; Forced Vibration of a Coupled Oscillator; N-Coupled Oscillator

4. Fundamentals of Waves: Wave Motion, Types of Waves; Wave Generation; Wave Equation and Solution; Energy Power and Speed of Traveling Waves; Introduction to Some Wave Phenomena in Physics.

5. Superposition of Periodic Motions: Principle of Superposition; Beats; Lissajous Figures.

6. Sound Waves and Acoustics: Propagation and Speed of Sound in Fluid and Solid Media; Musical Sound; Doppler’s Effect; Infrasonics and Ultrasonics; Recording and Reproduction of Sound, General Idea of Acoustics.

Books Recommended Main, IG Vibrations and Waves in Physics Puri, SP Vibrations and Waves Pain, HJ Physics of Vibrations and Waves French, AP Vibrations and Waves Halliday, D and Resnick, R Fundamentals of Physics Morse, PM Vibration and Sound

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PHY 1202 Mathematical Physics-II 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions)

��� Vector Analysis: Applications of Dot and Cross Products of Vectors; Scalar

Triple Product; Vector Triple Product; Ordinary Derivatives of Vectors; Space Curves; Differentiation Formulae; Partial Derivatives of Vectors; Differentials of Vectors; The Vector Differential Operator Del; Gradient; Divergence; Curl and their Physical Significance; Line Integrals; Surface Integrals; Volume Integrals; The Divergence Theorem of Gauss; Green’s Theorem in the Plane; Stoke’s Theorem; Frames of Reference – Rectangular; Spherical Polar and Cylindrical Coordinates; Concept of Curvilinear Coordinates; Line arc Length, Surface and Volume Elements in Different Coordinates.

2. Complex Variables: Complex Differentiation and Derivatives; Analytic Functions; Cauchy-Riemann Equations; Cauchy’s Integral Formula and Its Extension; Cauchy’s Theorem; Residues at a Pole and at Infinity; Residue Theorems; Definite Integrals.

3. Elements of Tensor Algebra: Covariant and Contravariant Tensors; Metric Tensor; Christoffel Symbols.

Books Recommended Farid, SM Introduction to Vectors and Special Functions Margenau, H and Murphy, GM Mathematics of physics and Chemistry Pipes, L and Harvill, LR Applied Mathematics for Engineers and

Physicists Sokolnikoff, IS and Redheffer, RM Mathematics for Physics and Modern Physics Churchill,RV et al Complex Variables and Applications Spiegel, MR Complex Variables Spiegel, MR Vector Analysis and an Intro. to Tensor Analysis Wong, CW Introduction to Mathematical Physics

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PHY 1203 Physical Chemistry 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Elements of Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic Variables; Functions and their

Relations; Gibbs-Helmholtz Equation. 2. Chemical Equilibria: Law of Mass Action; Effects of Temperature; Pressure and

Concentration on Chemical Equilibria; Relationship between KP, KC and Kx. 3. Electrochemistry: Electrolytic Dissociation; Electrolytic Conductance; Ionic

Mobility and Transport Number; Elementary Idea on Electrode Potential; Ostwald’s Dilution Law; Common Ion Effect; Solubility And Solubility Product; Modern Theories of Acids and Bases; PH, Buffer Solution Indicators; Concepts of Activity and Activity Coefficient.

4. Chemical Kinetics: Order and Molecularity; Rate Equations for First and Second Order Reactions; Determination of Order of Reactions; Arrhenius Equation and Energy of Activation; Collision Theory; Catalysis.

5. Surface Chemistry and Colloids: Adsorption; Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm; Colloids – Classification; Preparation; Purification; Properties and Importance; Elementary Ideas about Emulsion and Gels.

6. Colligative Properties: Roult’s Law; Elevation of Boiling Point; Depression of Freezing Point; Osmotic Pressure; Determination of Molecular Weight of Non-Volatile Substances.

Books Recommended Lewis, D and Glasstone, S Elements of Physical Chemistry Glasstone, S Physical Chemistry Rakshit, PC Physical Chemistry Haque, MM and Nawab, MA Principles of physical chemistry Palit, SR Elementary Physical Chemistry Barrow, GM Physical Chemistry Pal, SC and Chakraborty, PK Shatak Vouta Rasayan (Bangla)

21

PHY 1204 Differential & Integral Calculus 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Functions: Domain; Range; Functions and Graphs of Functions; Limits;

Continuity. 2. Ordinary Differentiation: Differentiability; Differentiation; Indeterminate Form,

Successive Differentiation and Leibniz Theorem. 3. Expansions of Functions: Rolle’s Theorem; Mean Value; Taylor’s and

Maclaurin’s Formulae. 4. Maxima and Minima of Functions of One Variable. 5. Partial Differentiation: Euler’s Theorem; Tangents and Normals. 6. Asymptotes. 7. Indefinite Integral: Method of Substitutions; Integration by Parts; Special

Trigonometric Functions and Rational Fractions. 8. Definite Integrals: Fundamental Theorem; General Properties; Evaluations of

Definite Integrals and Reduction Formulae. 9. Multiple Integrals: Determination of Lengths, Areas and Volumes. Books Recommended Ayres, F Calculus Das, BC & Mukherjee, BN Differential Calculus Das, BC & Mukherjee, BN Integral Calculus Edwards Differential Calculus Williamson, RE Integral Calculus Muhammad & Bhattacherjee Differential Calculus Muhammad & Bhattacherjee Integral Calculus

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PHY 1205 English 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Grammar: Tenses, Articles, Prepositions, Subjects Verb Agreement, Clauses,

Conditionals, Word Classes, Transformation of Sentences, Active - Passive Transformations, Report Speech.

2. Phonetics: How to use a Dictionary, IPA Symbols, Word Transcriptions, Intonation and Stress.

3. Vocabulary Building: Correct and Precise Diction, Affixes, Idiomatic Expression, Level of Appropriateness, Colloquial and Informal, Standard and Formal.

4. Developing Writing and Reading Skills: Sentences, Sentences Variety, Generating Sentences, Sentence Clarity and Correctness. Linking Sentences to Form, Paragraphs, Paragraph with Specific Details and Examples, Essay Structures, Thesis Sentences, Writing Good Introduction and Conclusions, Letter Writing, Strategies of Reading, Skimming, Scanning, Predicting Analyzing and Interpreting Variety of Texts Type.

5. Listening and Note Taking: Listening to Recorded Texts and Class Lectures and Learning to Take useful Notes Based on the Listening.

6. Developing Spoken Skills.

Book Recommended: Thomas and Martin A practical English Grammar Thomson and Martinet Cobuild English Grammer Leech & Svartvick A Communicative of English Michael Swan Practical English Usage, Oxford University

Press. Norman Lewis Word Power Made Easy

Goyl Saab The most effective vocabulary builder in the English language

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PHY 1206 Physics Practical-III 8 Hours/week, 4 Credits List of Experiment: 1. Determination of the frequency of a tuning fork with the length of a sonometer

under given tension and hence to determine the unknown frequency of a tuning fork.

2. Verification of the laws of transverse vibration of a stretched string and hence determination of the frequency of a tuning fork by Melde’s experiment.

3. Determination of the velocity of sound in air as a function of the temperature. 4. Determination of the velocity of sound in air by Kundt’s tube. 5. Generation of Lissajou’s figures through electron deflection in crossed alternating

magnetic fields. 6. Observation of two-beam interference of water waves. 7. Observation of reflection of water waves at a straight obstacle. 8. Determination of the wavelength of standing sound waves. 9. Study of acoustic beats resulting from the superposition of tuning-fork oscillations

with slightly different frequencies. 10. Investigation of the Doppler effect with ultrasonic waves. 11. Determination of the temperature coefficient of resistance of a copper coil. 12. Investigation of the relation between the current passing through Tungsten and a

carbon filament lamp and the potential applied across it. 13. Measurement of the force of an electric charge in a homogeneous electric field. 14. Determination of the magnetic dipole moments of long magnetic needles. 15. Measurement of the magnetic field for a straight conductor and for a circular

conductor loops. 16. Determination of the capacitance of a plate capacitor measuring the change with

the electrometer amplifier. 17. Determination of the phase velocity of circularly polarized string waves in the

experiment setup after Melde. 18. Investigation of the deflection of electrons in electric and magnetic fields.

Books Recommended Chawdhury, SA and Basak, AK Byaboharik Padartha Vidya (Bangla) Ahmed, G and Uddin, MS Practical Physics Din, K Practical Physics Nelkon, M and Ogborn, JM Advanced Level Practical Physics Tyler, F Laboratory Manual of Physics Worsnop, BL and Flint, HT Advanced Practical Physics Topping, W Errors of Observations PHY 1207 General Viva Voce 1.0 Credit

24

PHY 2101 Thermal Physics 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Temperature: Thermal Equilibrium and Zeroth Law; Principles of Measurement

and Establishment of Temperature Scales; Absolute Scale; International Scale; Gas Thermometer; Electrical Resistance Thermometer; Thermocouple.

2. The Kinetic Theory of Gases and Transport Phenomenon: Basic Assumptions; Equation of State of an Ideal Gas; Brownian Motion; Equipartition of Energy; Vander Waal’s Equation of State; Collision Cross-Section; Mean Free Path; Thermal Conductivity; Diffusion.

3. Thermodynamic Fundamentals and First Law: Thermodynamic Systems; Isothermal and Adiabatic Processes; Quasi-Static Processes; Reversible and Irreversible Processes; Heat and Work; Energy Equation; Internal Energy; First Law of Thermodynamics.

4. Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy: Second Law of Thermodynamics; Carnot’s Cycle and Carnot’s Theorem; Heat Engine and Refrigerators; Absolute Thermodynamic Temperature; Concept of Entropy, Entropy and Disorder; Principle of Increase of Entropy; Change of Entropy in Reversible and Irreversible Processes; Third Law of Thermodynamics.

5. General Thermodynamic Relations and Application to Simple Systems: Thermodynamic Potential Functions; The Maxwell’s Relations; Joule-Thomson Effect; Phase Transitions; Clausius-Clapeyron Equation; Chemical Potential; Phase Equation and Phase Rule.

Books Recommended Hossain, T Text Book on Heat Saha, MN and Srivastava, BK A Treatise on Heat Roberts, JK and Miller, AR Heat and Thermodynamics Sears, FW and Salinger, GL Thermodynamics: Kinetic Theory and Statistical Zemansky, MW Heat and Thermodynamics Miah, W Fundamentals of Thermodynamics Finn, CBP Thermal Physics

25

PHY 2102 Physics Practical-IV 4 Hours/week, 2 Credits List of Experiment: 1. Determination of the specific heat of solid with radiation correction. 2. Determination of the thermal conductivity of a bad conductor. 3. Calibration of a thermocouple. 4. Determination of the specific heat of copper, lead and glass. 5. Determination of the ratio of the specific heats of a gas by Clement and

Desorme’s Apparatus. 6. Determination of J by Callendar and Barnes apparatus (with radiation correction). 7. Determination of the co-efficient of expansion of air at constant pressure by

constant pressure air thermometer. 8. Determination of the latent heat of fusion of ice by the method of radiation

correction. 9. Determination of the density of water at various temperatures by means of a glass

sinker. 10. Determination of the linear thermal expansion of glass, steel and brass tubes and

determination of their linear expansion coefficients. 11. Determination of the volumetric expansion coefficient of liquids. 12. Determination of the efficiency of a solar collector as a function of the thermal

insulation. 13. Observation of Brownian motion of smoke particle.

Books Recommended Chawdhury, SA and Basak, AK Byaboharik Padarth Bidya (Bangla) Ahmed, G and Uddin, MS Practical Physics Nelkon, M and Ogborn, JM Advanced Level Practical Physics Tyler, F Laboratory Manual of Physics Worsnop, BL and Flint, HT Advanced Practical Physics Din, K and Motin, A Advanced Practical Physics

26

PHY 2103 Optics 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Light and Images: Nature of Light; Electromagnetic Spectrum and Energy;

Huygen’s Principle; Fermat’s Principle; Aberrations in Optical Images. 2. Interference: Superposition of Waves; Concept of Coherence; Types of

Interference; Young’s Experiment; Biprism; Thin Film Interference; Newton’s Rings; Fabry-Perot Interferometer; Michelson’s Interferometer.

3. Diffraction: Types of Diffraction; Fraunhofer Diffraction; Single, Double and Multiple Slits Diffraction; Grating; Resolving Power of Grating; Raleigh Criteria.

4. Polarization: Types of Polarization; Production and Detections of Polarization; Optical Activity; Fresnel’s Theory of Optical Rotation; Polarimeter.

5. Lasers and Holography: Radiative Transitions; Einstein’s Coefficient; Population Inversion; Light Amplification; Optical Cavity; Threshold Condition; Types of Lasers; Characteristics of Laser; Production and Viewing of Hologram; Theory of Holography.

Books Recommended Hecht, E Optics Jenkins, FA and White, HE Principles of Optics Ghatak, A Optics Brijlal, L A Text Book of Optics Meyer-Arendt Introduction to Classical & Modern Optics Heavens, OS Insight Into Optics Longhurst, RS Geometrical & Physical Optics Sladkova, J Interference of Light Anrold, RG Electronic Devices Hamam, S Principles of Light

27

PHY 2104 Physics Practical-V 4 Hours/week, 2 Credits List of Experiment: 1. Determination of the refractive indices of thick and thin prisms. 2. Determination of the radius of curvature of a given lens by Newton’s Ring

Method and verification of the result by spherometer. 3. Determination of the wavelength of light by diffraction through a single slit. 4. Determination of the wavelength of light by biprism. 5. Calibration of a spectrometer and determination of unknown wavelength. 6. Determination of the wavelength by plane diffraction grating. 7. Determination of the resolving power of a grating. 8. Determination of the dispersive power of a prism. 9. Observation of the two-beam interference of two virtual light sources created at a

biprism. 10. Determination of the specific rotation of a sugar solution by means of a

polarimeter. 11. Determination of the critical angle of total reflection. 12. Investigation of the spherical aberration of a lens. 13. Determination of the wavelength of laser. Books Recommended Chawdhury, SA and Basak, AK Byaboharik Padarth Bidya (Bangla) Ahmed, G and Uddin, MS Practical Physics Nelkon, M and Ogborn, JM Advanced Level Practical Physics Tyler, F Laboratory Manual of Physics Worsnop, BL and Flint, HT Advanced Practical Physics Din, K and Motin, A Advanced Practical Physics

28

PHY 2105 Classical Mechanics 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Lagrangian Formulation: Generalized Coordinates; Constraints; Degrees of

freedom; D’Alembert’s Principle and Langrange’s Equations; Some Techniques of the Calculus of Variations; Hamilton’s Principle and Lagrange’s Equations; Conservation Theorems.

2. The Two-Body Central Force Problem: Two Body Central Force Problem Reduction to Equivalent One-Body Problem; Classification of Orbits; Differential Equation for the Orbit; Inverse Square Law of Force; Scattering in a Central Force Field; Scattering Problem.

3. Rigid Bodies: Kinematics of Rigid Body Motion; Independent Coordinates of a Rigid Body; Formal Properties of the Transformation Matrix; Euler’s Angles; Coriolis Force; Euler Equations of Motion.

4. Hamilton’s Formulation: Legendre Transformations and Hamilton’s Canonical Equations of Motion; Conservation Theorems and the Physical Significance of the Hamiltonian; Derivation of Hamilton’s Canonical Equations; Principle of Least Action; Canonical Transformations; Poisson and Lagrange Brackets.

5. Hamilton-Jacobi Theory: Hamilton-Jacobi Equations; Separation of Variables in the Hamilton-Jacobi Equation; Action-Angle Variables; Applications.

Books Recommended Goldstein, G Classical Mechanics Rana, NC and Joag , PS Classical Mechanics Constant, FW Theoretical Physics Spiegel, MR Theoretical Mechanics Gupta, KC Mechanics of Particle & Rigid Bodies Leech, JW Classical Mechanics Gupta,Sl et al Classical Mechanics Harun-or Rashid, AM Chirayata Balavidya (Bangla)

29

PHY 2106 Computer Fundamentals 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Computer Fundamentals: Evolution of Computers; Elements of a Computer

System; Types of Computer; Basic Computer Architecture; Applications of Computer.

2. Personal Computer Hardwares: Processor; Main memory; Input and Output Devices; Storage Devices; Modem.

3. Softwares: Categories of Software; System Softwares; Functions of an Operating System; Types of Processing, Language Translators, Utility Programs; PC Operating Environments: Windows, Macintosh OS and Linux; Computer Viruses: Categories and Preventions.

4. Applications Software: Word-processing: Creating, Editing and Formatting Features; Spreadsheet: Creating and Editing Worksheets; Spreadsheet Analysis: Formula, Functions and Charting Features; Multimedia Presentations.

5. Networking and Internet: Different types of networks, Network topologies, Communication media, Internet services, e-mail, e-commerce.

Books Recommended Norton, P Peter Norton’s Introduction to Computers Hutchinson, SE & Sawyer, SE Computer and Information System Taylor, G GCSE Computer Studies

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PHY 2107 Computer Fundamentals Practical 2 Hours/week, 1 Credit 1. Operating System: Windows - Students will learn the basics of computer, how

to operate them in two basic environments, DOS and Windows. 2. Word Processor: Students will learn to use a popular word processor to create a

camera ready test file complete with figures, columns and tables. 3. Spread Sheet: Students will learn to use a popular Spread Sheet to maintain a

small database, minor book keeping and statistical and graphical analysis of data. 4. Presentation package: Students will learn how to create multimedia slides and

animation. Books Recommended Norton, P Peter Norton’s Introduction to Computers Hutchinson, SE & Sawyer, SE Computer and Information System Taylor, G GCSE Computer Studies Mayo, WE & Cwiakala, M Programming with Fortran 77 Yeaqub, A Programming with Fortran 77 Nyhoff, L and Leestkma, S Fortran 77 for Engineers and Scientists Schildt, H Turbo C/C++

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PHY 2108 Algebra & Geometry 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) �

1. Algebra of Sets; De Morgan’s Rule; Relation and Function. 2. Theory of Equations. 3. Theorems and Relation between Roots and Coefficients. 4. Solution of Cubic Equations. 5. Change of Axes; General Equation of Second Degree; Pair of Straight Lines. 6. Circle, Parabola and Ellipse. 7. Direction Cosines, Straight Line and Plane. 8. Spheres and Cone. Books Recommended Bamside and Pantion Theory of Equations Bemard and Child Higher Algebra Hall, HS and Knight, SR Higher Algebra Askwith, HH Analytic Geometry and Conic Sections Smith, C Analytic Geometry and Conic Sections Khanna, ML Coordinate Geometry Bell, JT A Treatise of Three Dimensional Geometry Smith, C Elementary Treatise on Solid Geometry Vashishta and Agarwal Analytic Solid Geometry PHY 2109 General Viva Voce 1.0 Credit

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PHY 2201 Electrodynamics 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Maxwell’s Field Equations: Maxwell’s Equations; Electromagnetic Energy-

Poynting Vector; Scalar and Vector Potentials; Wave Equations. 2. Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves-I: Plane Waves in Infinite Medium,

Waves in Non-Conducting and Conducting Medium, Waves in Plasma; Waves in Crystalline Medium; Propagation of Plane Waves in Anisotropic Crystals.

3. Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves-II: Reflection and Refraction; Boundary Conditions; Reflection and Refraction at Boundaries of two Non-Conducting Media; Metallic Reflection; Total Internal Reflection.

4. Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves-III: Waves in Bounded Region; Propagation between Parallel Conducting Plates; Wave Guides (rectangular).

5. Radiation from an Accelerated Charge: The Liénard and Wiechert Potentials; Field of a Charge in Uniform Motion; Fields of an Accelerated Charge; Radiation at Low Velocities.

6. Scattering and Dispersion: Scattering by Free and Bound Electrons; Thomson, Rayleigh and Resonance Scattering; Normal and Anomalous Dispersions.

Books Recommended Griffiths, D J Introduction to Electrodynamics Reitz, J R et al Foundations of Electromagnetic Theory Islam, AKMA & Islam, S Tarit Gativijnan (Bangla) Tralli, N Classical Electromagnetic Theory Panofsky, WKH and Philips Classical Electricity Jackson, J D Electrodynamics Duffin, W J Advanced Electricity and Magnetism Gupta, S L et al. Electrodynamics Huq, M S et al. Concept of Electricity and Magnetism Lim, Y K Introduction to Classical Electrodynamics Slater and Frank Electromagnetism Chen, F F Introduction to Plasma Physics Sen, S N Plasma Physics

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PHY 2202 Basic Electronics 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Circuit Analysis: Network Theorems: Norton’s, Thevenin’s, Superposition and

Maximum Power Transfer Theorems; Star and Delta Conversions; Wave Filters: Constant K-Type Low-Pass, High-Pass, Band-Pass and Band Elimination Filters.

2. Electronic Devices: Diode Applications: Rectifier and Power Supplies; Special Diodes: Zener, Photo, LED; Transistors: Transistor DC and AC Characteristics; Equivalent Circuits in H-Parameters; Special Transistor: UJT, SCR; Phototransistor: FET: Construction and Characteristics of JFET and MOSFET.

3. Transistor Biasing and Thermal Stabilization: Factors Contributing to Thermal Instability; Stability Factors; Fixed Bias; Collector-Base Bias; Self-Bias; Bias Compensations.

4. Transistor Amplifiers: Transistor CE, CB and CC Amplifiers; Cascading and Coupling; Class A, Class B, Class C and Push-Pull Amplifier.

5. Feedback and Oscillator Circuits: Feedback: Principles, Characteristics, Current and Voltage Feedback Amplifiers; Oscillator: Positive Feedback; Condition for Sustained Oscillation; Phase-Shift, Wein-Bridge, Hartley, Colpitt's and Crystal Oscillators.

6. Modulation and Demodulation: Modulation; Frequency Modulated Voltage, Merits and Demerits of FM, Phase Modulated Voltage, Transistor AM Modulator, Collector Modulator, Diode Detector, Frequency Demodulation, Propagation of Radio waves.

Books Recommended Millman, J and Halkias, C C Electronic Devices and Circuits Boylestad, RL and Nashelsky, L Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory Malvino, A P Electronic Principles Choudhury, G M Electronics (Bangla) Gupta, S L and Kumar, V Hand Book of Electronics Mottershead, A Electronic Devices and Circuits Brophy, J J Basic Electronics for Scientists Terman, R Radio Electronics M I T Staff Transistors Siskind, C S Electrical Circuits

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PHY 2203 Relativity: Special & General 2 Hours/week, 2 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Special Relativity: Inertial Systems; Newtonian Relativity; Galilean

Transformation Equations; Michelson-Morley Experiment and its Explanation; Postulates of the Special Theory of Relativity; Four Vectors; Lorentz Transformation Equations; Length Contraction; Time Dilation; Proper Time; Twin Paradox; Relativity of Simultaneity; Velocity Addition; Variation of Mass with Velocity; Mass Energy Equivalence; Minkowski’s Four Dimensional Space time Continuum.

2. Relativistic Mechanics: The principle of least action; Relativistic Lagrangian; Energy and momentum; Decay of particles; Invariant cross-section; Elastic collisions of particles; Four-tensor of angular momentum;

3. General Relativity: Postulates of General Relativity; Photons and Gravity, Gravitational Red shift; Principle of Equivalence; Principle of General Covariance; Principle of Minimum Gravitational Coupling; Correspondence Principle; Field Equations of General Relativity; Motion of a Particle in a Gravitational Field; The Constant Gravitational Field; The Gravitational Field Equations: Energy-Momentum Tensor; Maxwell’s Field Equations; Schwarzchild Solution; Experimental Tests of General Relativity.

Books Recommended D’Inverno, R Introducing Einstein’s Relativity Resnick, R Introduction to Special Relativity Bergmann, P G Introduction to the Theory of Relativity

35

PHY 2204 Radiation and Statistical Mechanics 2 Hours/week, 2 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Thermal radiation: Black body radiation, Kirchoff’s law, Stefan-Boltzmann

laws, Wein’s law, Rayleigh-Jean’s law and Planck’s law. 2. Classical Statistical Mechanics: Statistical Mechanics: An Outline; Phase Space

and Phase Trajectory; Volume in Phase Space; Specification of States of a System; Density of States and its General Behaviour; Liouville’s Theorem and its Consequence; The Postulates of Classical Statistical Mechanics; Stirlings Approximation; Thermodynamic Probability; Statistical Equilibrium; Macrostates and Microstates; Ensembles; Its Classification and Usage, Statistics and Thermodynamics; Entropy; Statistical Distribution Function; Maxwellian-Boltzman Statistics and its Applications.

3. Quantum Statistical Mechanics: Postulates of Quantum Statistical Mechanics; Transition from Classical Statistical Mechanics; Indistinguishability and Quantum Statistics; Exchange Symmetry of Wave Functions; Exchange Degeneracy; Average Value and Quantum Statistics; The Density Matrix.

4. Quantum Mechanical Gases: Fermi Gas; Fermi-Dirac Distribution; Fermi Energy; Degenerate Fermi System; Diamagnetism; Paramagnetism; Bose Gas; Bose-Einstein Distribution; Photon; Phonon; Bose-Einstein Condensation; Thermodynamic Properties of Diatomic Molecules; Nuclear Spin Effects in Diatomic Molecules.

Books Recommended Huang, K Statistical Mechanics Reif, B Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics Landau, L D and Lifshitz, E M Statistical Physics Kubo, R Statistical Mechanics Pointon, A J Introduction to Statistical Physics Gupta, S L et al. Elementary Statistical Mechanics Singh, K et al. Elements of Statistical Mechanics Allis, W P and Herlin, M A Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics Berkeley Physics Course, V Statistical Physics Riedl, P C Thermal Physics Saha, M N and Srivastava, B N Treatise on Heat Brijlal, L et al. Thermal and Statistical Physics Beiser, A Concept of Modern Physics Constant Theoretical Physics 2 Sears F W and Salinger, G L Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory and

Statistical Mechanics Pathria, R K Statistical Physics Agarwal, B K and Eisner, M Statistical Mechanics

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PHY 2205 Atomic and Molecular Physics 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Atomic Models of Rutherford and Bohr: Atomic Models; Rutherford’s Nuclear

Atom; Atomic Spectra; The Bohr Model and the Structure of Atoms; Vector Atom Model; Atomic Excitation; The Franck-Hertz Experiment; The Correspondence Principle; Correction for Nuclear Motion; Hydrogen-Like Atoms.

2. Quantum Mechanical Theory of Hydrogen Atom: Schrödinger Equation for the Hydrogen Atom and Magnetic Quantum Numbers; Electron Probability Density; Spectrum of Hydrogen.

3. Wave-Particle Duality: Photoelectric Effect; Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation and its Experimental Verification; Photoelectric Cells and their Application; de Broglie Waves; Experimental Verification of Particle Waves; Wave and Group Velocities.

4. X-Rays: Production and Properties of X-Rays; Continuous and Characteristic X-Rays; X-Ray Spectra; X-Ray Absorption; Moseley’s Law; Compton Effect.

5. Electron Spin and Complex Atoms: Spin Angular Momentum; Exclusion Principle; Periodic Table; Stern-Garlach Experiment; Spin-Orbit Interaction – Fine Structure; Total Angular Momentum of Atoms; Atomic Spectra (Helium, Sodium and Mercury); Zeeman Effect.

6. Molecular Spectra: Molecular Spectra of Diatomic Molecules; Rotational Spectra; Vibrational-Rotational Spectra; Molecular Quantum States; Dissociation of Molecules; Heat of Dissociation; UV- Spectra; Ramman Spectra.

Books Recommended Acosta, V and Cowan, G L Essentials of Modern Physics Beiser, A Perspectives of Modern Physics Enge, H A et al. Introduction to Atomic Physics Husain, A and Islam, G S Paramanabik Vijnan (Bangla) Islam, G S Paramanbik Ebong Nucleo Padarthabijnan,

Vol.1 Rajam, J B Atomic Physics Semal, H & Albright Jr Introd. to Atomic and Nuclear Physics

37

PHY 2206 Numerical Methods 2 Hours/week, 2 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Transcendental Equations: First and Second Order Iteration Methods; Rate of

Convergence; Acceleration of the Convergence; Efficiency of a Method. 2. System of Linear Equations: Direct Methods - Matrix Inversion; Gauss

Elimination Methods; Triangularization Method; Iterative Methods - Jacobi Method; Gauss-Seidel Method.

3. Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors: Eigenvalue Equation; The Power Method; Jacobi Method.

4. Interpolation and Curve Fitting: Newton’s Forward and Backward Difference Interpolation Formula; Hermite and Lagrange’s Interpolation Formula; Linear and Polynomial Least Squares Curve Fitting.

5. Numerical Differentiation and Integration: Numerical Differentiation using Interpolation; Numerical Integration: Trapezoidal Method; Simpson’s Method; Errors in these Methods; Romberg Method.

6. Ordinary Differential Equations: Solution by Taylor Series; Euler’s Method; Runge-Kutta Methods; Adams-Moulton; Milne-Simpson.

Books Recommended Sastry, S S Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis Jain, M K et al. Numerical Methods for Sc. and Eng

Computation Hamming, R W Numerical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Krishnamurthy & Sen Numerical Algorithms Intro. to Numerical

Analysis Scheid, F Introduction to Numerical Analysis. Sastry, S S Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis Scarborough, J B Numerical Mathematical Analysis Carnahan, Luther and Wilkes Applied Numerical Methods Ralston and Kobinowitz First Course in Numerical Analysis Rajagopalan Understanding Computer Rajaraman Numerical Analysis

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PHY 2207 Physics Practical-VI 8 Hours/week, 4.0 Credits List of Experiment: 1. Calibration of an electromagnet by an exploring coil. 2. Calibration of a cathode ray tube for both AC and DC sources. 3. Measurement of: i) an unknown frequency and (ii) phase angle between two ac

sources using cathode ray tube. 4. Observation of the characteristics of a Zener diode. 5. Design and construction of a low-pass filter. 6. Design and construction of a high-pass filter. 7. Construction of a full-wave bridge rectifier using semiconducting diodes and

study of effect of filters. 8. Study of the characteristic curves and load line for a transistor CE configuration

and determination of hybrid parameters. 9. Design and construction of an AF amplifier. 10. Construction and study of a phase shift oscillator. 11. Construction of a transistor radio receiver. 12. Construction of a transistor radio transmitter. 13. Study of the characteristic of a tube diode. 14. Half-wave rectification using a tube diode. 15. Measurement of the earth magnetic field with a rotating induction coil. 16. Determination of the inductive reactance of a coil in an AC circuit. 17. Measurement of the radiant intensity of a black body as a function of temperature. Books Recommended Chowdhury, SA and Basak, AK Byaboharik Padartha Vidya (Bangla) Tyler, F Laboratory Manual of Physics Worsnop, BL and Flint, HT Advanced Practical Physics Bar, Z and Malvino, AP A Text Lab. Manual: Basic Electronics Ellis, TMR Fortran 77 Programming Rule, WP Fortran 77: A practical approach PHY 2208 General Viva Voce 1.0 Credit

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PHY 3101 Nuclear Physics-I 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. The Nucleus: Constituent of Nuclei; Nuclear Mass; Charge and Density; Nuclear

Size; Mass Defect; Binding Energy; Nucleon Separation Energy; Nuclear Force; Meson Theory of Nuclear Forces; Stability Conditions and Semi-Empirical Mass Formula: Liquid Drop Model; Mirror Nuclei; Coulomb Energy.

2. Radioactivity: Radioactive Decay Laws; Half-Life and Mean-Life; Secular and Transient Equilibrium; Radioactive Series; Artificial Radioactivity; Uses of Radioisotopes; Radioactive Dating.

3. Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Emissions: Alpha Instability; Fine Structure; Long Range Alpha Particles; Theory of Alpha-Decay; Beta Decay and its Energy Measurement; Conservation of Energy and Momentum in Beta Decay; Neutrino Hypothesis; Orbital Electron Capture; Positron Emission; Gamma Decay; Mean Lives for Gamma Emission; Internal Conversion.

4. Interaction of Charged Particles and Radiation with Matter: Ionization; Multiple Scattering; Stopping Power; Energy Loss of Electrons and other Charged Particles; Positronium, Pair Production and Annihilation, Radiation Length.

5. Nuclear Fission and Fusion: Fission Process; Energy Release in Fission; Chain Reaction; Nuclear Fusion; Thermonuclear Reaction in Stars.

6. Nuclear Detectors and Particle Accelerators: Ionization chambers, Proportional counter and GM counter, Linear accelerator, Betatron, Cyclotron, Synchrotron.

Books Recommended Burcham,WE Nuclear Physics Enge, HA Introduction to Nuclear Physics Krane, K Introductory Nuclear Physics Kaplan, I Nuclear Physics Wong, SSM Introduction to Nuclear Physics Smith, CMH Text Book of Nuclear Physics Cohen, BL Concepts of Nuclear Physics Beiser, A Concepts of Modern Physics Islam, AKMA & Islam, MA Nucleo Padartha Vijnn (Bangla) Islam, GS Paramanbik Ebong Nucleo Padarthabijan, Vol.II Evans Atomic Nucleus Meyerhof, WE Elementary Nuclear Physics

40

PHY 3102 Quantum Mechanics-I 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Physical Basis of Quantum Mechanics: Shortcomings of Classical Theory; The

Two-slit Experiment; Wave Aspects of Matter; Wave Function and its Interpretation; Wave Packets and Uncertainty Principle.

2. Formalism of Quantum Mechanics: Postulates of Quantum Mechanics; The Correspondence Principle; The Complementarity Principle, Measurements and Observable; Commutation of Observations; Linear Operators; Hermitian Operators; Eigenvalue Equations; Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions; Eigenstates; Orthonormality of Eigenstates; Degeneracy; Principle of Superposition; Probability Amplitudes; Overlap Integrals; Completeness; Change of Basis; Wave Function in Position and Momentum Space.

3. Problems in One Dimension: The Schrodinger Wave Equation; Particle in a Potential Box; Potential Step; Tunneling through a Potential Barrier; Rectangular Potential Well; Linear Harmonic Oscillators.

4. Spherically Symmetric Systems: Three-dimensional Schrödinger Equation for Spherically Symmetric Potentials; Spherical Harmonics; Three Dimensional Potential Wells-degenerate States; Two-body Problems- The Hydrogen Atom.

Books Recommended Matthews, PT Introduction to Quantum Mechanics Ziock, C Basic Quantum Mechanics Greiner, W Quantum Mechanics Pauling, L and Wilson, EB Quantum Mechanics Powell, JL and Crasemann, B Quantum Mechanics Fong, P Elementary Quantum Mechanics Golder, SK Quantum Balovidya (Bangla) Sherwin, CW Introduction to Quantum Mechanics Sakurai, JJ Modern Quantum Mechanics Griffiths, D Introduction to Quantum Mechanics Shankar, R Principles of Quantum Mechanics Agarwal, BK and Prakash, H Quantum Mechanics

41

PHY 3103 Solid State Physics-I 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Crystal Systems: Crystalline and Non-crystalline States; Unit Cell; Bravais

Lattice; Miller Indices; Packing Factor; Reciprocal Lattice; Brillouin Zones. 2. Crystal Bindings: Crystals of Inert Gas; Ionic Crystals; Binding Energy and Bulk

Modulus; Covalent; Metal and Hydrogen Bonded Crystals. 3. Dynamics of Crystal Lattice: Concept of Phonon; Elastic Vibration of a

Continuous Medium; One-dimensional Monatomic and Diatomic Lattices; Theories of Lattice Specific Heat - Einstein Model and Debye Model.

4. Free Electron Theory of Metals: Energy Levels and Density of Orbitals in One-Dimension and Three-dimensions; Effect of Temperature on F-D Distribution; Electrical Conductivity and Ohm’s Law; Wiedmann-Franz Law.

5. Band Theory and Semiconductors: Energy Bands in Crystals; Nearly Free Electron Model and Energy Gaps; Motion of Electrons in One and Three Dimensions in a Periodic Potential; Band Theory; Effective Mass of Electrons; Semiconductors; Hall Effects for One and Two-carrier Systems.

Books Recommended Kittel, C Introduction to Solid State Physics Mckelvey, JP Solid State and Semiconductor Physics Omar, MA Elementary Solid State Physics Ashcroft and Mermin Solid State Physics Azaroff, LV and Brophy, JJ Electronic Processes in Materials Dekker, AJ Solid State Physics Singhal, RL Solid State Physics Sze, SM Physics of Semiconductor Devices Wert, CA and Thomson, RM Physics of Solids Wahab, MA Solid State Physics Islam, MS Kathin Abasthar Padartha Vijnan

42

PHY 3104 Non-conventional Energy 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Introduction World Energy Requirement and Reserve; Solar Radiation; Solar

Constant Solar Geometry; Azimuth; Declination; Day Length; Solar Time; Solar Radiation of Tilted Surface; Monthly Average Solar Radiation; Measurement of Solar Radiation.

2. Basic Concept of Heat Transfer: Conduction, Convection and Radiation; Heat Conduction through Different Surfaces; Heat Transfer Coefficients.

3. Solar Collectors: Flat Plate Collectors; Heat Transfer Properties of the Flat Plate Collector; Energy Balance; Temperature Distribution; Collector Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient; Collector Efficiency Factor; Heat Removal Factor and Flow Factor.

4. Energy Storage: Types of Energy Storage; Sensible Heat Storage; Latent Heat Storage; Thermochemical Storage.

5. Photovoltaics: Interaction of Light with Semiconductor; Absorption and Recombination Process; Photovoltaic Principles; Semiconductor Junction; Power Output and Conversion Efficiency;

6. Photovoltaic System and Modules: Basic Photovoltaic System for Power Generation; Solar Modules; Module Circuit Design; Application of Photovoltaic System.

7. Other Sources of Non-Conventional Energy: (a) Wind energy: Factors of wind speed, Betz law, Basic wind power system, advantages and disadvantages of wind power. (b) Biomass and Biogas; Introduction to tidal power and fuel cells.

Books Recommended Rai, GD Solar Energy Utilization Rai, GD Non-conventional Source of Energy Rapp, D Solar Energy Duffiee, JA Solar Engineering of Thermal Process Green, MA Solar Cell Magal, BS Solar Power Engineering Neville Solar Energy Anderson Fundamental of Solar Energy Conversion Fisk and Anderson Introduction to Solar Technology

43

PHY 3105 Computer Programming 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) ��� ������� ����������� Introduction to High-Level Languages; Steps in

Programming: Algorithm and Flowchart, Sequential Executions, Branching Operations, Looping Operations, Procedures, Comments and Debugging.

��� Concept of Formal Language�� Different type of Computer Languages: Assembly, FORTRAN Programming: Data Types, Arithmetic Statements, Formatted Input/Output, Loops and Logical Expressions, Arrays, Functions and Subroutines, Character and Logical Data, File Processing, Applications to Various Statistical and Physical Problems; C++ Programming: Introduction to Simple Structures in C++, Pascal C, Artificial Language.

Books Recommended Hutchinson, SE & Sawyer, SE Computer and Information System Taylor, G GCSE Computer Studies Mayo, WE & Cwiakala, M Programming with Fortran 77 Yeaqub, A Programming with Fortran 77 Nyhoff, L and Leestkma, S Fortran 77 for Engineers and Scientists Schildt, H Turbo C/C++ PHY 3106 Computer Programming Practical 2 Hours/week, 1.0 Credit Practical Based on Theory Course PHY 2206 and PHY 3105.

44

PHY 3107 Physics Practical-VII 8 Hours/week, 4.0 Credits List of Experiment: 1. Study of the photoelectric effect. 2. Determination of the e/m of an electron. 3. Demonstration of the spectra of helium, neon, and hydrogen. 4. Determination of the wavelengths from the Balmer series of hydrogen. 5. Determination of the plateau and operating voltage of a Geiger-Muller Counter. 6. Determination of the resolving time of a G-M counter by double source method. 7. Determination of the efficiency of a G-M tube for beta counting. 8. Verification of the inverse square law for gamma rays and comparison of source

intensities. 9. Study of the absorption of gamma rays by matter and determination of absorption

coefficients of different materials. 10. Determination of the maximum energy of beta particles emitted from source and

estimation of the thickness of an unknown foil. 11. Conversion of the electrical energy into heat energy – measuring with a voltmeter

and an ammeter. 12. Determination of the specific latent heat of ice. 13. Determination of the average wavelength of the yellow spectral lines for an Hg

spectral lamp by means of a Michelson interferometer. 14. Observation of the rotation of the plane of polarization by quartz in an

arrangement of two crossed polarizers. 15. Observation of the rotation of the plane of polarization by a concentrated sugar

solution in an arrangement of two crossed polarizers. 16. Study of the current-voltage characteristics of light-emitting diodes (LED).

Books Recommended Chowdhury, SA and Basak, AK Byaboharik Padartha Vidya (Bangla) Tyler, F Laboratory Manual of Physics Worsnop, BL and Flint, HT Advanced Practical Physics Bar, Z and Malvino, AP A Text Lab. Manual: Basic Electronics PHY 3108 General Viva Voce 1.0 Credit

45

PHY 3201 Nuclear Physics-II 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Nuclear Two Body Problems: Nuclear density distribution; isospin; magnetic

moments; g-factor, Ground state of deuteron; deuteron ground state wave function; magnetic and quadrupole moments of the deuteron; Tensor forces and the deuteron problem; Two- body Problems at Low Energy: Scattering of a beam of particles by a Centre of force; Partial wave analysis; Neutron-proton scattering at low energies; Scattering length; spin dependence of n-p scattering; Effective range theory in the n-p scattering.

2. Nuclear Reactions: Different Types of Reactions; The Energetics of Nuclear Reactions; The Conservation of Physical Quantities in Nuclear Reactions; Cross-Section; Compound Nucleus Hypothesis; Production and Properties of Neutrons, Reaction cross-section; Breit-Wigner dispersion formula for l=0 state; Compound nucleus reaction; Optical model; The Methods of Direct Reaction Theory.

3. Nuclear Models: Salient aspects of different nuclear models; Magic numbers and nuclear shell model; Single particle potential; Harmonic oscillator well; Spin-orbit potential; Shell model predictions; Spin and magnetic moments; Nordheim’s rule; Total spin for various configurations; Individual particle model; L-S coupling scheme; j-j coupling scheme; Collective model.

Books Recommended Roy, RR and Nigam, BP Nuclear Physics Sen Gupta, HM Nucleo Padartha Bidya (Bangla) Islam, GS Paramanbik Ebong Nucleo Padarthabijnan,

Vol.1 Enge, HA Introduction to Nuclear Physics Segre, E Nuclei and Particles Cohen, BL Concept of Nuclear Physics Blatt, JM and Weiskopff, VF Theoretical Nuclear Physics Elton, LRB Introductory Nuclear Theory Burcham and Jobes Nuclear and Particle Physics

46

PHY 3202 Quantum Mechanics-II 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Matrix Formulation of Quantum Mechanics: State Vectors in Hilbert Space;

Bra and Ket Notations; Operators and their Representation; Transformation Theory; Schrödinger, Heisenberg and Dirac Representation; Parity Operators; Density Matrix; Harmonic Oscillator.

2. Theory of Angular Momentum: Eigenvalues of Angular Momentum; Addition of Angular Momenta; Clebsch-Gordon Coefficients; Pauli’s Exclusion Principle and Spin Matrices.

3. Theory of Scattering: Scattering Cross-section; Partial Wave Analysis; Application to Scattering by Square Well Hard Sphere and Coulomb Potential; Resonance Scattering; Optical Theorem; Born Approximation; Examples, Validity Criterion.

4. Approximate Methods: Stationary Perturbation Theory; Nondegenerate Case; Degenerate Case; Time-dependent Perturbation Theory; Variational Method; The WKB Approximation.

5. Relativistic Wave Equations: Klein-Gordon and Dirac’s Relativistic Wave Equation; Solution of Free Particle Equations; Negative Energy States and Hole Theory.

Books Recommended Blokhintsev, DI Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics Brink and Satchler Angular Momentum Dirac, PAM Principles of Quantum Mechanic Edmonds, AR Angular Momentum in Quantum Mechanics Goldberger, ML and Watson, KM Collision Theory Golder, S Quantum Balobidya (Bengali) Landau and Lifshitz Quantum Mechanics Mathews and Venkatesan Text Book of Quantum Mechanics Merzbacher, E Quantum Mechanics Messiah, A Quantum Mechanics Pauling, L and Wilson, EB Introduction to Quantum Mechanics Powell, JL and Crasemann, B Quantum Mechanics Rashid, AMH Quantum Mechanics Schiff, LI Quantum Mechanics Ziock, C Basic Quantum Mechanics Sakurai, JJ Modern Quantum Mechanics Shankar, R Principles of Quantum Mechanics

47

PHY 3203 Solid State Physics-II 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Optical Phenomena in Solids: Colour of Crystals; Weakly and Tightly Bound

Excitons; Photoconductivity; Traps; Crystal Counters. 2. Imperfections in Crystals: Classification of Defects; Point Defects; Schottky

defects; Frenkel Defects; Screw and Edge Dislocations; Plane Defects; Crystal Grains and Grain Boundaries;

3. Dielectric Properties: Macroscopic Electric Field; Local Electric Field at an Atom; Dielectric Constants and Polarizabilities; Clausius-Mossotti Relation; Dielectric Phenomena in an Ac Field; Dielectric Loss.

4. Magnetism: Langevin Equation for Dia- and Paramagnetism; Curie Law; Quantum Theory of Paramagnetism; Hund’s Rules; Quenching of the Orbital Angular Momentum; Ferromagnetism; Weiss Molecular Field and Exchange Integral; Magnetic Domain and Bloch Wall; Antiferromagnetism; Neel’s Theory; Two Sublattice Model; Magnetic Anisotropy.

5. Magnetic Resonance: Nuclear Magnetic resonance, Nuclear quadruple resonance; Electron paramagnetic resonance, Ferromagnetic resonance; Antiferromagnetic resonance.

6. Ferroelectrics: General Properties of ferroeletric materials, classification and properties of representative ferroelectrics, Dipole Theory of ferroelectricity, Ferroelectric Domains.

Books Recommended Omar, MA Elementary Solid State Physics Dekker, AJ Solid State Physics Kittel, C Introduction to Solid State Physics Wert, CA and Thomson, RM Physics of Solids Brailsford, F Physical Principle of Magnetism Chikazumi, S Physics of Magnetism Pascoe, KJ Intro. to the Properties of Engineering Materials Wahab, MA Solid State Physics

48

PHY 3204 Plasma Physics 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Introduction: Occurrence of plasma in nature; Definition of plasma; Basic

concepts of temperature; Debye length; Plasma parameters; Distribution function; Plasma frequency; Criteria for plasmas; Plasma production; Application of plasma physics.

2. Single-particle Motions: The equations of motion; Motion of charged particles in static homogeneous Electric and magnetic fields; Motion of charged particles in nonuniform E and B fields; Motion of charged particles in time-varying E and B fields; Adiabatic invariants.

3. Plasma as a Fluid: Relation of plasma physics to ordinary electromagnetic; the fluid equation of motion; the complete set of fluid equations; fluid drifts; plasma approximation.

4. Waves in Plasmas: Representation of waves; Group velocity and phase velocity; Plasma oscillations; Electron plasma waves; Sound waves; Ion waves; Comparison of ion and electron waves; Electrostatic electron and ion waves in magnetic fields; Electromagnetic waves in magnetic fields.

5. Kinetic Theory: The meaning of distribution function f (v); Equations of kinetic theory; Derivations of fluid equations; Plasma oscillations and Landau damping.

Books Recommended: Chen, F. F. Introduction to Plasma Physics. And Controlled

Fusion; Plenum Press. Krall, N. A and Tricvelpiece, A.W. Principles of Plasma Physics. Bittencourt, J. A. Fundamentals of Plasma Physics. Ichimau, S. Plasma Physics.

Arimovich, L. A. Elementary Plasma Physics. John Howard Introduction to Plasma Physics

49

PHY 3205 Pulse and Digital Electronics 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Pulse Shaping: Pulse Parameters; Linear Waveshaping: RC Integrator and RC

Differentiator; Non-linear Waveshaping: Clipping and Clamping. 2. Pulse Generators: Multivibrators: Astable, Monostable and Bistable, Schmitt

Trigger, Blocking Oscillators and Time-Base Generators. 3. Fabrication of IC and Operational amplifiers: Fabrication of Integrated

Circuits; Basic Principles of Operational Amplifiers; Inverting and Non-inverting Amplifier; Operational Amplifier: Summer, Subtractor, Integrator, Differentiator and Active Filters.

4. Logic circuits and Boolean algebra: OR, AND, NOT, NOR and NAND Operations; Laws of Boolean Algebra; De-Morgan’s Theorems; Truth Tables and Maps.

5. Data Conversion: Decoder, Encoder, Multiplexer, Demultiplexer, Code Converter, Analog-Digital Conversion (ADC) and Digital-Analog Conversion (DAC).

6. Flip-flops: NAND Gate Latch; NOR Gate Latch; R-S Flip-flop; J-K Flip-flop; D Flip-flop; Master/Slave Flip-flop.

7. Counters: Synchronous and Asynchronous Counters; Up-Down Counters; Shift-Register and Frequency Counters; Digital Clock.

Books Recommended Millman, J and Taub, H Pulse, Digital and Switching Waveforms Blitzer Introduction to Pulse Shaping Circuits Tocci, RJ Digital System Principles & Applications Malvino, AP Electronic Principles Millman, J and Halkias, CC Integrated Electronics: Analogue and Digital

Circuits and Systems Gothman, WH Digital Electronics: an Intro. to Theory and

Practice Bartee, T Digital Computer Fundamentals Taub, H and Schillng Digital Integrated Circuits Malvino, AP and Leach, R Digital Principles and Applications Faulken, B An Introduction to Op-Amplifiers with Linear

Applications

50

PHY 3206 Physics Practical-VIII 8 Hours/week, 4.0 Credits List of Experiment: 1. Construction and study of a transistorised regulated power supply. 2. Feedback Amplifiers:

a) Negative feedback (current feedback and voltage feedback) b) Positive feedback (phase shift oscillator).

3. Construction and study of pulse generator and pulse shapings: a) Astable multivibrators; b) Monostable multivibrators; c) Study of RC differentiator and integrator.

4. Study of operational amplifiers: a) Determination of CMRR and slew-rate; b) Inverting, non-inverting and summing amplifiers.

5. Construction and study of logic gates using diodes and transistors. 6. Study of flip-flop (RS and JK) operations. 7. Construction and study of high-pass and low-pass active filters using op-amps. 8. Construction and study of a Schmitt trigger circuit using transistor op-amp. 9. Study of the current-voltage characteristics of a solar battery as a function of the

irradiance. 10. Study of the current-voltage characteristics of an ionization chamber. 11. Investigation of the crystal structures of tungsten using a field emission

microscope. 12. Determination of the density and mobility of charge carriers n-type & p-type

semiconductors. 13. Determination of temperature factor using X-ray diffraction data. 14. Determination of unitary structure factor using X-ray diffraction data. 15. Determination of the ferromagnetic Curie temperature. 16. Determination of the Planck’s constant. Books Recommended Bar, Z and Malvino, AP A Text Lab. Manual: Basic Electronics Millman, J and Taub, H Pulse, Digital and Switching Waveforms Blueler, E and Goldsmith, GJ Experimental Nucleonics Person, FJ and Osborne, RR Practical Nucleonics Stout, E and Jensen, GJ Practical Structure Determination

PHY 3207 General Viva Voce 1.0 Credit

51

PHY 4101 Materials Science 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Liquid crystals: Structure and Classifications of Different Phases; Orientation

Order; Magnetic Effects; Optical Properties; Introduction to Theories of Liquid Crystalline Phases; Glass; Glass Transition Temperature;

2. Engineering Materials: Classification of Engineering Materials; Engineering Requirements of Materials; Structures and Properties of Non-metallic Materials; Portland Cement; Ceramics; Cermet.

3. Elastic Properties and Hardness of Materials: Elastic Constants; Elastic Waves in Crystals; Creep; Fatigue; Hardness Testing; Hardness Scales.

4. Diffusion in Solids: Classification of Diffusion; Diffusion Mechanism; Diffusion Coefficient; Fick’s Law; Self-Diffusion; Inter-Diffusion; Diffusion with Constant Concentration; Diffusion in Oxides and Ionic Crystals.

5. Theory of Alloys: Solid Solution; Hume-Rothery’s Rules; Intermediate Compound or Intermediate Phases; Phase Diagrams; Gibb’s Phase Rule; The Lever Rule; Equilibrium Diagram of a Binary System; Eutectic and Eutectoid Systems.

6. Introduction to Nanomaterials: Nanoscale fabrication: nanolithography, Self assembly and self organization, Carbon nanotubes, quantum dot and nanocomposites.

Books Recommended G. K. Narula, K. S. Narula, V. K. Gupta Materials Science Omar, MA Elementary Solid State Physics Dekker, AJ Solid State Physics Kittel, C Introduction to Solid State Physics Wert, CA and Thomson, RM Physics of Solids Brailsford, F Physical Principle of Magnetism Chikazumi, S Physics of Magnetism Pascoe, KJ Intro. to the Properties of Engineering

Materials Van Vleck, LH Materials Science for Engineers Smith, WH Principles of Materials Science and

Engineering

52

PHY 4102 Semiconductor Physics 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Semiconductor theory: Band model and calculation of Fermi energy of insulator

and intrinsic semiconductor, law of mass action, calculation of donor and acceptor levels of extrinsic semiconductor, band model and calculation of Fermi level of n-type semiconductor.

2. Introduction to semiconductors: Elemental and binary semiconductors, bonding in Si and GaAs crystals, diamond and zincblende structures as two interpenetrating FCC crystals, alloy semiconductors (ternary and quaternary), bandgap engineering, Vegard’s law, clustering, alloy scattering, substrate and epitaxial layer, semiconductor heterostructure and heterojunction, lattice-matched heterostructures, pseudomorphic heterostructures.

3. Semiconductor crystal growth and doping: Bulk crystal growth of elemental (Si) and compound (GaAs) semiconductors; wafer preparation, epitaxial material growth: liquid phase epitaxy, vapour phase epitaxy (halide process, hydride process and organometallic chemical vapour deposition) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), mechanism of carrier generation by doping in elemental and compound semiconductors, amphoteric dopant, unintentional doping of bulk crystal and epitaxial layer, compensation, doping during bulk semiconductor crystal growth, doping during epitaxial processes, shallow and deep states, modulation doping, delta doping, doping by diffusion: limited source diffusion and error function diffusion, doping by ion implantation: damage, annealing.

Books recommended: Hong H. Lee Fundamentals of Microelectronic Processing Pallab Bhattacharya Semiconductor Optoelectronic Devices Bogart, T.F. Electronic Devices and Circuits Singhal, R.L. Solid State Physics Riaziat, M.L. Introduction to High Speed Electronics and

Optoelectronics Giacomo, J.D. VLSI Handbook Sze, S.M. VLSI Technology David Elliot Microlithography

53

PHY 4103 Reactor Physics 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Nuclear Reactions: Interaction of Neutrons with Matter; Neutron Cross-section

and its Determination; Energy Dependence of Neutron Cross-section; Fission Cross-section.

2. Diffusion and Slowing down of Neutrons: Thermal Neutron Diffusion; Diffusion Equations; Fast Neutron Diffusion and Fermi Age Equation; Energy Distribution and Cross-section of Thermal Neutrons; Slowing down of Neutrons; One Group Critical Equation and Reaction Buckling.

3. Reactor Theory: Multiplication Factors; The Four Factor Formula; Neutron Leakage and Critical Size; Calculation of K� for Homogeneous Reactors; Classification of Reactors; Research Reactors Swimming Pool; TRIGA; Power Reactors; Pressurized Water Reactor; Boiling Water Reactor.

4. Control of Nuclear Reactors: Reactor Kinematics, General Features of Reactor Control; Effect of Temperature on Reactivity; Design of the Control System and Reactor Operation; Fission Product Poisoning; Burnable Poisons.

5. Reactor Fuels: The Fuel Cycle; Production of Reactor Fuels; Sources of Uranium; Separation of Uranium Isotopes; Re-Processing of Irradiated Fuel; Radioactive Waste Disposal.

Books Recommended Lamarsh, JR Introduction to Nuclear Engineering Liverhant, SE Elementary Introduction to Nuclear Reactor

Physics Glasstone and Seasonske Nuclear Reactor Engineering Lamarsh, J Introduction to Nuclear Reactor Theory Murray, RL Introduction to Nuclear Engineering Murray, RL Introduction to Nuclear Reactor Physics Islam, AKMA and Islam, A Nucleo Padartha Vijnan (Bangla) cobs et al. Basic Principles of Nuclear Science and

Reactors Kesslev, G Nuclear Fission Reactor King, DG Nuclear Power Systems

54

PHY 4104 Geophysics 2 Hours/week, 2 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. The Solar System: The planets; meteorites and their compositions; cosmic ray

exposures of meteorites; the Poynting-Robertson effect; compositions of terrestrial planets.

2. Rotation and the Figure of the Earth: Figure of the earth; precession of the equinoxes; the Chandler wobble, tidal friction and the history of the Earth-Moon system, fluctuation in rotation and the excitation of the wobble.

3. The Gravity Field: Gravity as gradient of the geopotential; the satellite geoid; crystal structure and the principle of isotasy; earth tides. Seismology and the Internal

4. Structure of the Earth: seismicity of the earth; elastic waves and seismic rays; travel time and velocity depth curves for body waves; internal density and composition; free oscillation.

5. Geomagnetism: The magnetism of the earth; fundamental equations; measurement of the magnetic field; the method of Gauss; saturation induction magnetometers; the proton precision magnetometers; alkali vapour magnetometers; introduction to magnetometers.

6. The Earth’s Internal Heat: The geothermal flux; thermal conduction in the mantle; temperature in the interior of the earth; energy source for the geomagnetic dynamo.

Books Recommended: Stacey, F.D Physics of the earth Garland G.D. Introduction to Geophysics ? Mantle core and

crust Grant, F.S. and West, G.F. Interpretation Theory in Applied Geophysics Parasnis, D.S. Principles of Applied Geophysics Dobrin, M.B. Introduction to Geophysical Prospecting Telford, E.M., Geldart, L.P., Sheriff, R.E. and Keys, D.E.: Applied Geophysics

55

PHY 4105 Crystallography and Spectroscopy 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Geometry of Crystalline state: Crystal Symmetry; Point Group & Space Group;

Reciprocal Lattice. 2. Scattering of x-rays: Scattering of X-Rays from a Single Electron; Scattering of

X-Rays by a Pair of Electrons; Scattering of X-Rays by Gases. 3. Diffraction by Crystals: Diffraction of X-Rays by Crystals; Laue and Bragg’s

Equation; Structure Factor. 4. Experimental Collection of Diffraction Data: Powder Method; Laue;

Oscillation/Rotation; Weissenberg Methods of Collection of Data; Interpretation of Diffraction Photographs.

5. Determination of Space Groups: The Symmetry of X-Ray Photographs; Systematic Absences; Intensity Statistics.

6. Physical processes of x-ray absorption: X-ray Absorption Edge; Chemical Shifts of Absorption Edge; X-Ray Absorption near Edge Structure; Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure: Applications of XANES and EXAFS.

Books Recommended Azaroff, L Elementary x-ray Crystallography Burger, MJ x-ray Crystallography Liplon, H and Cochran, W Crystalline State, Vol. III Stout, GH and Jensen, LH Practical Structure Determination Woolfson, MM Direct Methods in Crystallography Woolfson, MM X-ray Crystallography Cullity, BD Elements of X-ray Crystallography Agarwal, BK X-ray Spectroscopy Bonnele and Mande Advances in X-ray Spectroscopy Compton, AH and Allison, SK X-ray in theory and Experiment Buerger, MJ Vector Space Buerger, MJ Crystal Structure Analysis

56

PHY 4106 Physics Practical-IX 8 Hours/week, 4.0 Credits List of Experiment: Electronics: 1. FET and MOSFET characteristics. 2. Experiments on operational amplifier. 3. Computer electronics:

a. FF as counter operation, Asynchronous counter, Ripple and self-stopping counter.

b. Register operation: parallel and series. c. Half adder and full adder circuits.

Nuclear Physics: 1. Study of the back scattering of beta particles and to determine the effect of atomic

number of the scattering materials on back scattering. 2. Investigation of the statistics of radioactive measurements. 3. Determination of the half-life of a radioisotope using a mCi Ra-Be neutron source. 4. Thermal neutron flux determination using Indium foil activation method.

Solid State Physics: 1. Measurement of magnetic susceptibility of aluminium and plastic rods. 2. Measurement of dielectric constant of a liquid by standing wave. 3. Measurement of Hall constant and Hall angle. 4. Determination of energy gap parameter of solid sample. 5. Study of (i) conductivity, (ii) electron drift velocity, (iii) mobility and (iv)

temperature coefficient of resistivity of some solid samples. 6. Measurement of drift mobility of charge carrier in a semiconductor. Books Recommended: Bar, Z and Malvino, AP A Text Lab. Manual: Basic Electronics Millman, J and Taub, H Pulse, Digital and Switching Waveforms Blueler, E and Goldsmith, GJ Experimental Nucleonics Person, FJ and Osborne, RR Practical Nucleonics Stout, E and Jensen, GJ Practical Structure Determination PHY 4107 General Viva Voce 1.0 Credit

57

PHY 4201 Superconductivity 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Properties of the Normal State: Electrical Conductivity, Resistivity, Thermal

Conductivity, Fermi Surface, Energy Gap and Effective Mass, Electronic Specific Heat, Magnetic Susceptibility.

2. Phenomenon of Superconductivity: Resistivity, Resistivity above TC, Resistivity Anisotropy, Zero resistance, Resistivity Drop at TC, Persistent Current below TC, Transition Temperature, Perfect Diamagnetism, Magnetic Fields Inside a Superconductor, Critical Field and Current, Temperature Dependences, Two Fluid Model.

3. Thermodynamic Properties: Specific Heat above TC, Discontinuity at TC, Specific Heat below TC, Density of States and Debye Temperature, Thermodynamics of a Superconductor, Superconductor in Zero Field, Superconductor in a Magnetic Field, Energy Gap, Isotope Effect, Superconducting Phase Transition.

4. Magnetic Properties: Susceptibility, Magnetization and Magnetic Moment, Demagnetization Factors, Temperature dependent Magnetization, Meissner Effect and Flux Penetration, High Frequency Effects.

5. Ginzburg-Landau Theory: Ginzburg-Landau equations, Fluxiod Quantization, Penetration Depth and Coherence Length, Critical Current Density, London Equations, Normalized Ginzburg-Landau Equations, Type I and Type II Superconductivity.

6. BCS Theory: Cooper Pairs, The BCS Theory and BCS Ground State. Books Recommended Charles P. Poole, Horacio A. Farach, Superconductivity, Second Edition Richard J. Creswick, Kresin, VZ and Wolf, SA Fundamentals of Superconductivity Wahab, MA Solid State Physics

58

PHY 4202 Fiber Optic Communication 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) ��� ������ ������ ���� ������ GRIN Lens; Theory of Refractive Gradients; Ray

Transmission; Basic Terms in Fiber Optics; Modes in Optical Fibers; Loss Mechanisms; Integrated Optics, Snell’s law, Critical Angle, Total Internal Reflection; Propagation of Light along the Fiber.

2. Optical Fibers and Fiber Optic Communication: Fiber Dispersion and Attenuation; Polarization Characteristics of Fibers; Optical and Mechanical Properties of Fibers; Optical Fiber Communications; Nonlinear Optical Properties of Fibers; Optical Fiber Materials.

3. Optical Fiber Communication Technology: Basic Technology; Receiver Sensitivity; Bit Rate and Distance Limits; Optical Amplifiers; Fiber Optic Networks; Analog Transmission on Fiber; Technology and Application Directions.

4. Non-Linear Effects in Optical Fibers: key Issues in Nonlinear Optics in Fibers; Self and Cross-Phase Modulation; Stimulated Raman Scattering; Stimulated Brillouin Scattering.

5. Sources, Modulators and Detectors of Fiber Optic Communication Systems: Double Heterostructure Laser Diodes; Operating Characteristics of Laser Diodes; Noise Characteristics of Laser Diodes; Light Emitting Diodes; Lithium Niobate Modulators; Electro-absorption Modulators for Fiber Optic System.

Books Recommended Michael Bass, Eric W. Van Stryland Fiber Optics Handbook: Fiber,

Devices and System for Optical Communication

John Crisp and Barry Elliott Introduction to Fiber Optics Third Edition

59

PHY 4203 Biomedical Physics 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) ��� ������� ��� ����� ����� Physics of Cardiovascular System: Work Done by

Heart, Blood Pressure, Bernoulli’s Principle Applied to Cardio-Vascular System; Electricity within Body: Electrical Potential of Nerves, Electromyogram, Electrocardiogram.

��� ������� !�����"��� Gamma Camera; Computed Tomography; Ultrasound Imaging; SPECT. Imaging and Functioning Test of Thyroid Gland, Liver, Spleen, Kidney, Lungs, Brain, Heart and Bone using Nuclear Medicine Techniques.

#�� �������� to PET Physics and Instrumentation: PET Principles; Line of Response (LOR), Effect of Positron Range, Acollinearity; PET Radionuclides, Positron Emission, Coincidence Events; History of the PET Technology, Selection of a PET Detector, Acquisition Mode, Attenuation, Tof PET, Image Reconstruction and Noise Analysis, Gated PET, PET/CT; Biomedical Cyclotron.

4. $��������%��������&�!������� Radiation Units; QF Absorbed Dose; Kerma, Internally Deposited Radioisotope; Calculation of Dose Rate from a Point and Distributed Sources. Principles of Radiation Therapy; Radiotherapy Treatment Planning; Isodose Curve; Simulator; Teletherapy; Co-60 Unit; Linac; Brachytherapy.

5. ���'�����'� (������ ��� $�������� Chemical Changes; Changes of Biological Molecules; Acute, Delayed and Genetic Effects.

Books Recommended Cameron and Skofronick Medical Physics Hende, WR Medical Radiation Physics Johns, HE and Cunningham, JR Physics of Radiology Sprawls, P Physical Principles of Medical Imaging Pedrose de Lima, JJ Nuclear Medicine and Mathematics Cember, H Introduction to Health Physics Turner, M Principle of Radiation and Protection Knoll, GF Radiation Detection and Measurements Rice, WJ Nuclear Radiation Detection Glasstone, S Source Book on Atomic Energy Richard L. Wahl Principles and Practice of PET and

PET/CT (2nd Edition)

60

PHY 4204 Particle Physics 3 Hours/week, 3 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Quarks and Leptons: Particle Classification; Fermions and Bosons; Particles and

Antiparticles; Free Particle Wave Equations; Lepton Flavours; Quark Flavours; The Cosmic Connection.

2. Interactions and Fields: Classical and Quantum Pictures of Interactions; The Yakawa Theory of Quantum Exchange; The Boson Propagator; Feynman Diagram; Electromagnetic Interactions; Strong Interactions; Weak and Electroweak Interactions; Gravitational Interactions; The Interaction Cross-Section; Decays and Resonances.

3. Invariance Principle and Conservation Laws: Translation and Rotation Operators; The Parity Operation; Pion Spin and Parity; Parity of Particles and Antiparticles; Charge Conservation and Gauge Invariance; Baryon and Lepton Conservation; CPT Invariance; CP Violation and T Violation; CP Violation in Kaons; Parity Violation in β - Decay; Isospin Symmetry; Isospin, Strangeness and Hypercharge.

4. Quarks in Hadrons: Charm and Beauty; The Baryon Decuplet; Quark Spin and Colour; The Baryon Octet; Quark-Antiquark Combination; The Light Vector Mesons; Mass Relations and Hyperfine Interactions; Electromagnetic Mass Differences and Isospin Symmetry; Magnetic Moments of Baryons; The Top Quark.

Books Recommended Perkins, DH Introduction to High Energy Physics Roy, RR and Nigam, BP Nuclear Physics Sen Gupta, HM Nucleo Padartha Bidya (Bangla) Islam, GS Paramanbik Ebong Nucleo Padarthabijnan,

Vol.1 Segre, E Nuclei and Particles Burcham and Jobes Nuclear and Particle Physics Griffiths, D Introduction to Elementary Particles Halzen, F and Martin, AD Quarks and Leptons: An Introduction with

Applications Lichtenberg, DB Unitary Symmetry and Elementary Particles

61

PHY 4205 Methods of Experimental Physics 2 Hours/week, 2 Credits Examination Duration: 3 Hours (Five questions to be answered out of 8 questions) 1. Optical and Spectroscopy Instruments: Phase contrast and Polarizing

Microscope, Spectro-Photometers, Optical Transmittance, Reflectance and Absorption Co-efficients.

2. Electrical Measurements: Potentiometer, High Impedance Voltmeter, Oscilloscope, DC Amplifire, Frequency Meter and Counter, Four point probe, Hall probe.

3. High and Ultra-high Vacuum: Production and Measurement of High and Ultra-high Vacuum, Rotary pump, Diffusion pump, Ion pump, Turbo pump, Pirani Gauge, Penning and Ionization Gauge.

4. Phase Sensitive Detection: Lock-in Amplifire, SCR type Temperature Controler. 5. Thin Film Technique: Production and Characterisation of Thin Film, Thickness

Measurement, Interferometric and Gravimetric Methods. 6. Gamma-Camera and NMR/Transducer: Principle and operation of Gamma

Camera, NMR and NMR Imaging Techniques.

Books Recommended Marton and Marton Methods of Experimental Physics, Vol. 2

(Academic press, N.Y.) J. Yanwood, Chapman and Hall High Vacuum Techniques Diefenderfer Principles of Electronic Instrumentation J. Brophy Basic Electronics for Scientists Kings Jake Applied Optics Vol. IV. F.A. Jenkins and H.E. White Fundamentals of Optics (McGraw Hill,

Singapore)

62

PHY 4206 Project Work 4 Credits For successful completion of course work every student will submit a project report on their project work, which would be selected and approved by the department. Every student will be required to appear at a comprehensive oral examination on their project work in a date fixed by the department and must satisfy the examiners that he is capable of intelligently applying the results and also afford evidence of satisfactory knowledge related to the theory and technique of this work. PHY 4207 General Viva Voce 1.0 Credit