full useful life (120,000 miles) exhaust emission ...€¦ · full useful life (120,000 miles)...

23
Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission Performance of a NOx Adsorber and Diesel Particle Filter Equipped Passenger Car and Medium-duty Engine in Conjunction with Ultra Low Sulfur Fuel Matthew Thornton, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Marek Tatur, Heather Tyrer, Dean Tomazic, FEV Engine Technology Phil Weber and Cynthia Webb, SwRI Diesel Engine Emissions Reduction Conference August 25 th , 2005

Upload: others

Post on 12-Jul-2020

2 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission ...€¦ · Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission Performance of a NOx Adsorber and Diesel Particle Filter Equipped Passenger

Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission Performance of a NOx Adsorber and Diesel Particle Filter Equipped Passenger Car and

Medium-duty Engine in Conjunction with Ultra Low Sulfur Fuel

Matthew Thornton, National Renewable Energy LaboratoryMarek Tatur, Heather Tyrer, Dean Tomazic, FEV Engine Technology

Phil Weber and Cynthia Webb, SwRI

Diesel Engine Emissions Reduction Conference August 25th, 2005

Page 2: Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission ...€¦ · Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission Performance of a NOx Adsorber and Diesel Particle Filter Equipped Passenger

Outline

• Project Overview• Program goals and objectives• Hardware overview• Test procedures• Test results• Summary and outlook

Page 3: Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission ...€¦ · Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission Performance of a NOx Adsorber and Diesel Particle Filter Equipped Passenger

APBF-DEC Projects

NONOxx Adsorber/DPFAdsorber/DPF SCR/DPFSCR/DPF LubesLubes

SwRI

Caterpillar C12

No vehicle

FEV SwRI Ricardo AEI

CumminsISB

1.9L TDI 6.6L Isuzu Duramax

15L Cummins ISX

Audi A4 Avant

Chevrolet Silverado

Page 4: Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission ...€¦ · Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission Performance of a NOx Adsorber and Diesel Particle Filter Equipped Passenger

APBF-DEC Organization

DOE, EPA, additive companies,automobile manufacturers, enginemanufacturers, energy companies,emission control mfrs., Calif. agencies APBF-DEC

SteeringCommittee

Fuels, engines, NOx adsorbers,

and diesel particle filters

Fuels, engines, selective catalytic

reduction anddiesel particle

filters

Lubricants

Unregulatedemissions

Experimental designand data analysis

Fuel and lubricantprovision

Communications

Page 5: Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission ...€¦ · Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission Performance of a NOx Adsorber and Diesel Particle Filter Equipped Passenger

Project Objectives for LD NOx Adsorber Projects : Examine fuel property

effects on NAC/DPF systems

Approach:• Demonstrate low emissions potential of diesel engines

equipped with advanced fuel, NOx adsorbers, DPFs, EGR, double-wall exhaust

− Goal: Tier 2 Bin 5 (0.07 g/mi NOx 0.01 g/mi PM) • Age systems with Ultra Low S fuel for up to 2200 hrs

− Periodic emissions evaluations during aging (before and after NOx adsorber desulfation)

− Periodic unregulated emissions measurement with 15-ppm S refinery product

− NOx adsorber desulfation performed on time based schedule

Page 6: Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission ...€¦ · Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission Performance of a NOx Adsorber and Diesel Particle Filter Equipped Passenger

Project divided into three Tasks:• Hardware procurement and operational strategy

development• System integration and optimization• Performance and aging evaluation

− Age ECS to 2000-2200 hours with 15-ppm S Fuel− 2,200 hours equal full useful lifetime of

120,000 miles− Emissions evaluation procedures performed every

100-200 hrs− Desulfations performed every 150-200 hours to

start then 100 hours (and every 50 hours at the end for the Passenger Car platform)

Project Outline

Page 7: Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission ...€¦ · Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission Performance of a NOx Adsorber and Diesel Particle Filter Equipped Passenger

Engine Specification

Arrangement: In-Line 4-Cylinder

Displacement: 1.9 L

Rated Power: 100 kW @ 4000 rpm

Max. Torque: 330 Nm @ 2000 rpm

Project Hardware Overview

Engine Specification

Arrangement: 8-Cylinder V

Displacement: 6.6 L

Rated Power: 224 kW @ 3100 rpm

Max. Torque: 705 Nm @ 1800 rpm

Passenger Car Medium-Duty Engine

Page 8: Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission ...€¦ · Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission Performance of a NOx Adsorber and Diesel Particle Filter Equipped Passenger

EngineExhaust

Pre-Catalyst

UnderbodyNAC CDPF

ECS-A: DOC + NACECS-B: NACCell Density: 400 cpsiVolume: 1.34 LDiameter: 4.16 inchLength: 6 inchWall Thickness: 4.5 mil

All ECS: CDPFCell Density: 200 cpsiWall Thickness: 14 milSubstrate Material: SiCVolume: 2.5 LDiameter: 5.66 inchLength: 6 inchCell Geometry: Square

SubstrateMaterial: Cordierite

Cell Geometry: Square

All ECS: NACCell Density: 350 cpsiWall Thickness: 5.5 milVolume: 2.5 LDiameter: 5.66 inchLength: 6 inch

Passenger Car Project In-Line Emission Control System

Page 9: Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission ...€¦ · Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission Performance of a NOx Adsorber and Diesel Particle Filter Equipped Passenger

Medium-Duty Engine Project Dual Leg Emission Control System

NACCell Density: 300 cpsiWall Thickness: 8 milSubstrate Material: CordieriteVolume: 7 L x 2Diameter: 9.5 inchLength: 6 inch

Duramax

DPF

NAC

NACSFI

SFI

DOC

DOC FrontCell Density: 300 cpsiWall Thickness: 8 milSubstrate Material: Cordierite Volume: 3.5 L x 2Diameter: 9.5 inchLength: 3 inch

DOC BackCell Density: 300 cpsiWall Thickness: 8 milSubstrate Material: Cordierite Volume: 3.5 L x 2Diameter: 9.5 inchLength: 3 inch

CDPFCell Density: 200 cpsiWall Thickness: 12 milSubstrate Material: CordieriteVolume: 12.5 LDiameter: 9 inchLength: 12 inch

Page 10: Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission ...€¦ · Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission Performance of a NOx Adsorber and Diesel Particle Filter Equipped Passenger

Test ProceduresEngine Dynamometer Test Cell:

1 test cycle = 1 gas sample = 30 gas samples1 set of cycles = 1 PM sample = 10 PM samples

1 test cycle = 1 gas sample = 20 samples1 set of cycles = 1 PM sample = 7 PM samples

Pre-Desulfation Procedure Post-Desulfation Procedure

Page 11: Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission ...€¦ · Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission Performance of a NOx Adsorber and Diesel Particle Filter Equipped Passenger

Passenger Car Project Test Results

NOx Emission Trends

Page 12: Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission ...€¦ · Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission Performance of a NOx Adsorber and Diesel Particle Filter Equipped Passenger

Passenger Car Project Test Results

NOx Adsorber Conversion Efficiency

Page 13: Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission ...€¦ · Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission Performance of a NOx Adsorber and Diesel Particle Filter Equipped Passenger

Passenger Car Project Test Results

NOx Adsorber Deterioration

Change in NOX Conversion (% of Engine Out NOX) Between Desulfations

-80%-70%-60%-50%-40%-30%-20%-10%

0%10%

300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200

Age (hours)

NO

X Co

nver

sion

Difference Difference Trend

Page 14: Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission ...€¦ · Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission Performance of a NOx Adsorber and Diesel Particle Filter Equipped Passenger

Passenger Car Project Test Results

Desulfation Effectiveness

Increase in NOX Conversion (% of Engine Out NOX) at Each Desulfation

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200

Age (hours)

NOX

Conv

ersi

on

Difference (Post-Pre) Difference Trend

Page 15: Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission ...€¦ · Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission Performance of a NOx Adsorber and Diesel Particle Filter Equipped Passenger

Passenger Car Project Test Results

PM Emission Trends

0.000

0.004

0.008

0.012

0.016

0.020

0 50 100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

1250

1300

1350

1400

1450

1500

1550

1600

1650

1700

1750

1800

1850

1900

1950

2000

2050

2100

2150

2200

2250

Age (hours)

PM (g

/mi)

LA4 Composite(D15) LA4 Composite(BP15)

Page 16: Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission ...€¦ · Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission Performance of a NOx Adsorber and Diesel Particle Filter Equipped Passenger

Medium-Duty Engine Project Test Results

NOx Emission Trends

Page 17: Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission ...€¦ · Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission Performance of a NOx Adsorber and Diesel Particle Filter Equipped Passenger

Medium-Duty Engine Project Test Results

NOx Adsorber Conversion Efficiency

Page 18: Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission ...€¦ · Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission Performance of a NOx Adsorber and Diesel Particle Filter Equipped Passenger

Medium-Duty Engine Project Test Results

NOx Adsorber Deterioration

Change in NOX Conversion (% of Engine Out NOX) Between Desulfations

-14.0%-12.0%-10.0%

-8.0%-6.0%-4.0%-2.0%0.0%

300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

Age (hours)

NO

X Con

vers

ion

Difference Difference Trend

Page 19: Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission ...€¦ · Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission Performance of a NOx Adsorber and Diesel Particle Filter Equipped Passenger

Medium-Duty Engine Project Test Results

Desulfation Effectiveness

Increase in NOX Conversion (% of Engine Out NOX) at Each Desulfation

-1.0%0.0%1.0%2.0%3.0%4.0%5.0%6.0%7.0%8.0%9.0%

300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

Age (hours)

NO

X Con

vers

ion

Difference (Post-Pre) Difference Trend

Page 20: Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission ...€¦ · Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission Performance of a NOx Adsorber and Diesel Particle Filter Equipped Passenger

Medium-Duty Engine Project Test Results

PM Emission Trends

Page 21: Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission ...€¦ · Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission Performance of a NOx Adsorber and Diesel Particle Filter Equipped Passenger

Summary • Fresh NOx adsorber system in conjunction with 15ppm sulfur fuel can

achieve Tier 2 Bin 5 NOx emission levels for both platforms• Desulfation strategies are effective in recovering NOx adsorber

performance with some deterioration through 2000 hours for both platforms

• Aged and desulfurized NOx adsorber system in conjunction with 15ppm sulfur fuel achieved Tier 2 Bin 5 NOx emission levels for the passenger car platform, achieved 85-90% NOx conversion for the MD Engine platform

• DPF in conjunction with 15ppm sulfur fuel can achieve Tier 2 Bin 5 PM emission levels throughout aging for both platforms

• Detailed emissions information (e.g. CO, HC, and Unregulated species) are included in final report

Page 22: Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission ...€¦ · Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission Performance of a NOx Adsorber and Diesel Particle Filter Equipped Passenger

Program Participants

Automobile:DaimlerChryslerFordGMToyota

Government:CARB/SCAQMDDOEEPA NRELORNL

Emission Control:Argillon ArvinMeritorBentelerClean Diesel Tech.CorningDelphiDonaldson Co.EngelhardJohnson MattheyMECANGKRhodiaRobert Bosch Corp.STT Emtec ABTenneco Automotive3MUmicore

Technology:Battelle

Engines:CaterpillarCummins Detroit DieselEMAInternational Truck

& EngineJohn DeereMack Trucks

Energy/Additives:American Chemistry

CouncilAPIBPCastrolChevron OroniteChevronCibaConoco-PhillipsCromptonErgonEthylExxonMobilInfineumLubrizolMarathon AshlandMotivaNPRAPennzoil-Quaker StateShell Global SolutionsValvoline

Page 23: Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission ...€¦ · Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exhaust Emission Performance of a NOx Adsorber and Diesel Particle Filter Equipped Passenger

Acknowledgments• Department of Energy, Office of

FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies• ORNL• Battelle• MECA• APBF-DEC Industry partners for financial

and in-kind support• Technical Team members and their

companies for their support and contributions