function description of huawei umts ran10.0

Basic Function Description of Huawei UMTS RAN10.0


Huawei UMTS RAN

Basic Function Description

Document Version V1.7

Product Version RAN10.0

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第2章

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Copyright © 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Trademarks

and other Huawei trademarks are the trademarks or registered trademarks of Huawei

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All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their

respective holders.

Notice

The information in this manual is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in

the preparation of this manual to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information,

and recommendations in this manual do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or

implied.

第2章


Table of Contents

第2 章 1 System Improvement Introduction........................................................................1

第3 章 1.1 WRFD-000001 System Improvement in RAN5.1...........................................1



第6 章 1.4 WRFD-000004 System Improvement in RAN10.0.........................................7

第7 章 2 Standards Compliance.........................................................................................10

第8 章 2.1 WRFD-010101 3GPP R6 Specifications......................................................10

第9 章 2.2 WRFD-010102 Operating Multi-band...........................................................11

第10 章 2.3 WRFD-010201 FDD Mode.......................................................................13

第11 章 3 RABs and Services............................................................................................14

第12 章 3.1 WRFD-010510 3.4/13.6/27.2Kbps RRC Connection and Radio Access

Bearer Establishment and Release.........................................................................................14

第13 章 3.2 WRFD-010501 Conversational QoS Class...............................................16

第14 章 3.3 RFD-010502 Streaming QoS Class..........................................................18

第15 章 3.4 WRFD-010503 Interactive QoS Class......................................................20

第16 章 3.5 WRFD-010504 Background QoS Class....................................................21

第17 章 3.6 WRFD-010609 Multiple RAB Introduction Package (PS RAB < 2)...........22

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第18 章 3.6.1 WRFD-01060901 Combination of Two CS Services (Except for Two

AMR Speech Services)....................................................................................................23

第19 章 3.6.2 WRFD-01060902 Combination of One CS Service and One PS

Service............................................................................................................................. 24

第20 章 3.6.3 WRFD-01060903 Combination of Two CS Services and One PS

Service (Except for Two AMR Speech Services).............................................................25

第21 章 3.7 WRFD-021104 Emergency Call...............................................................26

第22 章 4 RAN Architecture & Functions.........................................................................27

第23 章 4.1 WRFD-010204 2-Antenna Receive Diversity............................................27

第24 章 4.2 WRFD-010205 Cell Digital Combination and Split....................................28

第25 章 4.3 WRFD-010208 Fast Power Congestion Control (FCC)............................30

第26 章 4.4 WRFD-010211 Active TX Chain Gain Calibration.....................................31

第27 章 4.5 WRFD-021301 Shared Network Support in Connected Mode..................32

第28 章 4.6 WRFD-010202 UE State in Connected Mode (CELL-DCH, CELL-PCH,

URA-PCH, CELL-FACH).........................................................................................................34

第29 章 4.7 WRFD-010401 System Information Broadcasting....................................36

第30 章 4.8 WRFD-010301 Paging UE in Idle, CELL_PCH, URA_PCH State (Type 1)

................................................................................................................................................ 38

第31 章 4.9 WRFD-010302 Paging UE in CELL_FACH, CELL_DCH State (Type 2). .39

第32 章 4.10 WRFD-020900 Logical Channel Management.......................................40

第33 章 4.11 WRFD-021000 Transport Channel Management...................................42

第34 章 4.12 WRFD-022000 Physical Channel Management.....................................43

Commercial in Confidence ii


第35 章 4.13 WRFD-011401 Integrity Protection.........................................................50

第36 章 4.14 WRFD-011402 Encryption......................................................................51

第37 章 4.15 WRFD-020501 Open Loop Power Control.............................................52

第38 章 4.16 WRFD-020502 Downlink Power Balance...............................................54

第39 章 4.17 WRFD-020503 Outer loop Power Control..............................................55

第40 章 4.18 WRFD-020504 Inner Loop Power Control..............................................56

第41 章 4.19 WRFD-020101 Admission Control..........................................................57

第42 章 4.20 WRFD-020102 Load Measurement........................................................60

第43 章 4.21 WRFD-020106 Load Reshuffling............................................................62

第44 章 4.22 WRFD-020107 Overload Control............................................................64

第45 章 4.23 WRFD-020108 Code Resource Management........................................65

第46 章 4.24 WRFD-021101 Dynamic Channel Configuration Control (DCCC)..........66

第47 章 4.25 WRFD-021201 RNC Resource Sharing.................................................68

第48 章 4.26 WRFD-020201 Intra NodeB Softer Handover.........................................69

第49 章 4.27 WRFD-020202 Intra RNC Soft Handover...............................................71

第50 章 4.28 WRFD-020203 Inter RNC Soft Handover...............................................72

第51 章 4.29 WRFD-020301 Intra Frequency Hard Handover.....................................73

第52 章 4.30 WRFD-010801 Intra RNC Cell Update...................................................74

第53 章 4.31 WRFD-010802 Inter RNC Cell Update...................................................76

第54 章 4.32 WRFD-010901 Intra RNC URA Update..................................................77

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第55 章 4.33 WRFD-010902 Inter RNC URA Update..................................................78

第56 章 4.34 WRFD-021400 Direct Signaling Connection Re-establishment (DSCR) 79

第57 章 5 Transmission.....................................................................................................80

第58 章 5.1 WRFD-050101 Star Topology..................................................................80

第59 章 5.2 WRFD-050102 Chain Topology................................................................81

第60 章 5.3 WRFD-050103 Tree Topology..................................................................82

第61 章 5.4 WRFD-050201 NodeB Clock....................................................................84

第62 章 5.5 WRFD-050202 RNC Clock.......................................................................86

第63 章 5.6 WRFD-050301 ATM Transmission Introduction Package........................87

第64 章 5.6.1 WRFD-05030101 ATM over E1T1 on Iub Interface.......................88

第65 章 5.6.2 WRFD-05030102 ATM over Channelized STM-1/OC-3 on Iub

Interface........................................................................................................................... 89

第66 章 5.6.3 WRFD-05030103 ATM over Non-channelized STM-1/OC-3c on

Iub/Iu/Iur Interface...........................................................................................................90

第67 章 5.6.4 WRFD-05030104 Dynamic AAL2 Connections on Iub/IuCS/Iur

Interface........................................................................................................................... 92

第68 章 5.6.5 WRFD-05030105 Permanent AAL5 Connections for Control Plane

Traffic............................................................................................................................... 94

第69 章 5.6.6 WRFD-05030106 Call Admission Based on Used AAL2 Path

Bandwidth........................................................................................................................ 95

第70 章 5.6.7 WRFD-05030107 CBR, rt-VBR, nrt-VBR, UBR ATM QoS Classes

........................................................................................................................................ 96

第71 章 5.6.8 WRFD-05030110 F5......................................................................97

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第72 章 5.7 WRFD-050304 IMA for E1T1 or Channelized STM-1/OC-3 on Iub Interface

................................................................................................................................................ 98

第73 章 5.8 WRFD-050305 UBR+ ATM QoS Class..................................................100

第74 章 6 System Reliability...........................................................................................101

第75 章 6.1 WRFD-040100 Flow Control...................................................................101

第76 章 6.2 WRFD-040201 System Redundancy......................................................103

第77 章 6.3 WRFD-040301 Operate System Security Management.........................104

第78 章 7 RAN Operation & Maintenance......................................................................105

第79 章 7.1 WRFD-030100 Performance Management............................................105

第80 章 7.2 WRFD-030200 Fault Management.........................................................107

第81 章 7.3 WRFD-030300 Inventory management..................................................109

第82 章 7.4 WRFD-030400 Configuration Management............................................110

第83 章 7.5 WRFD-030501 Security Management....................................................112

第84 章 7.6 WRFD-030601 Interface Tracing............................................................113

第85 章 7.7 WRFD-030602 Call Tracing....................................................................114

第86 章 7.8 WRFD-030701 RNC Software Management..........................................115

第87 章 7.9 WRFD-030702 NodeB Software Management.......................................116

第88 章 7.10 WRFD-030703 NodeB Software USB Download..................................118

第89 章 7.11 WRFD-031100 BOOTP........................................................................119

第90 章 7.12 WRFD-031101 DHCP...........................................................................120

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第91 章 7.13 WRFD-030800 License Management...................................................121

第92 章 7.14 WRFD-030900 DBS Topology Maintenance........................................123

第93 章 7.15 WRFD-031000 Intelligently Out of Service...........................................124

第94 章 7.16 WRFD-031200 OCNS..........................................................................125

第95 章 7.17 WRFD-031300 Documentation.............................................................126

第96 章 8 NodeB Antenna System Solution..................................................................128

第97 章 8.1 WRFD-060001 Connection with TMA (Tower Mounted Amplifier)..........128

第98 章 8.2 WRFD-060002 Remote Electrical Tilt.....................................................130

第99 章 8.3 WRFD-060003 Same Band Antenna Sharing Unit (900 MHz)...............133

Commercial in Confidence vi


1 System Improvement Introduction

1.1 WRFD-000001 System Improvement in RAN5.1

Feature Number: WRFD-000001

Availability

This feature is available from RAN5.1.

Description

Compatibility with 3GPP Release 5

The UMTS RAN5.1 is based on the 3GPP Release 5, which adds a number of

important functions for RAN as well as UEs. The major new feature is the high speed

downlink packet access (HSDPA), introduced in the 3GPP Release 5. All relevant

interfaces are updated according to the June 2004 version of Release 5, and all

essential 3GPP Release 5 CRs are implemented since then. The HSDPA Phase 2 is

the enhancement of Phase 1, which provides 3.6 Mbit/s per user downlink speed.

The 3GPP TR 25.933 IP transport in the UTRAN is implemented in RAN5.1. RAN5.1

is the first version to provide the Iub IP transmission. The IP transmission provides

new solutions to the last mile access to the NodeB. It will save the cost of the

transmission.

Support of new products and configurations

The UMTS RAN5.1 supports the following new products and configurations:

I. RNC

Supporting quakeproof cabinets that are suitable for the scenarios with specific

quakeproof requirements

II. NodeB

DBS3800 supports Band 1 (2100 MHz) RRU, 2 carriers 40 W

DBS3800 supports Band II (1900 MHz) RRU, 2 carriers 20 W

DBS3800 supports Band III (1800 M) / IX (Japanese 1800 M) RRU, 2 carriers 20

W

BTS3812E/A supports Band 1 (2100 MHz) new MTRU, 2 carriers 40 W with

Doherty PA for Band I (2100 M)

BTS3812E/A supports Band II (1900 MHz) MTRU, 2 carriers 40 W

BTS3812E/A supports Band III (1800 MHz) MTRU, 2 carriers 40 W

The new transmission interface card NUTI supports the FE ports

Commercial in Confidence Page 1 of 154


The BBU-interconnecting provides smooth expansion for the DBS3800. The

network can support the evolution from 3 x 1 to 3 x 2.

Thus, the WCDMA RAN5.1 enables a larger variety of radio access networks to be

deployed.

Support of high efficiency power amplifier

The UMTS RAN5.1 introduced the DPD + Doherty power amplifier.

The digital pre-distortion (DPD) is linearity technology which features stability, wider

signal band and ability to process multi-carrier signals. The Doherty technology is to

separately amplify the average part and the peak part of the input signal and then

combine both to get high efficiency.

The efficiency of Huawei DPD + Doherty PA is 33% and above.

For the NodeB BTS3812E and BTS3812AE, the output power at the Node B antenna

port can be up to 40 W. DBS3800, the output power at the Node B antenna port can

be up to 40 W. Thanks to the support of two carriers and high output power for one

RF module (MTRU or RRU), it is easy to smooth capacity expansion and no

additional RF modules are required when the single-carrier configuration is upgraded

to the dual-carrier configuration.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

None

Benefits

The benefits of the system improvements include:

Wider product range, including new products and configurations

Further improvements regarding stability and robustness, thanks to improved

functions and algorithms.

Improved performance, including higher capacity

Usability enhancements, reducing operating costs





Availability


Description



important functions for RAN as well as UEs. The major new feature that is introduced

in the 3GPP Release 6 is the high speed uplink packet access (HSUPA). All relevant

interfaces are updated according to the March 2006 version of Release 6.



BTS3812E/AE supports Band Ⅴ (850 MHz) MTRU, 2 carriers 40 W

D BTS3812E/AE supports Band VIII (900 MHz) MTRU, 2 carriers 40 W

DBS3800 supports Band Ⅴ (850 MHz) RRU, 2 carriers 40 W

DBS3800 supports Band VIII (900 MHz) RRU, 2 carriers 40 W

iDBS3800, which is for indoor coverage.

BTS3812AE, an new outdoor macro Node B, improve the outdoor cabinet

compared with BTS3812A.

The iDBS3800 is one of the best solutions for indoor coverage. The iDBS3800

contains three parts: the Base Band Unit (BBU), the Radio HUB (RHUB) and the Pico

Remote Radio Unit (Pico RRU). The Pico RRU connects to the RHUB through the

CAT5 interface, and one RHUB can support a maximum of 8 Pico RRUs. The RHUB

connects to the BBU through the optic fibers, and the BBU can support a maximum of

24 RHUBs.

The iDBS3800 supports multiple networking modes. It supports up to 192 RF front-

end units. The RRU can be networked with the passive distributed antenna system

(PDAS) or work as the active distributed antenna system (ADAS). The solution is

applicable to the requirements of buildings and districts on different scales.

The iDBS3800 supports the transmission over optic fibers or the CAT 5 cables. The

RHUB can also provide the remote power supply to the Pico RRU. So it enjoys easy

and fast deployment and reducing the engineering cost.



Enhancement

None

Dependency

None

Benefits


Wider product ranges, including new products and configurations

The iDBS3800 is one of the best solutions for indoor coverage.

Usability enhancements, reducing operating costs





Availability


Description



important functions for RAN as well as UEs. The major new feature that is introduced

in the 3GPP Release 6 is the HSUPA. All relevant interfaces are updated according to

the March 2006 version of Release 6.



BSC6810, the new platform RNC based on IP switch for higher capacity with

compact structure.

Clock server, the new equipment to provide synchronization signals for the

NodeB

A new RRU module RRU3804 is introduced in DBS3800 (2100 MHz). RRU3804

supports 60W TOC with A-Doherty 4 carrier.

DBS3800 supports Band IV (1700 MHz / DL 2100 MHz) RRU, 2 carriers 40 W

900 MHz Same band Antenna Sharing Unit (SASU), Same band Antenna

Sharing Adapter (SASA）provide a solution for the intra-band antenna system

shared between the GSM900 and UMTS900

The RRU3804 is four carriers and high output power remote radio unit, 60W. The

RRU optimizes the mechanical layout, the new slim shape leads to easy deployment.

Due to the natural heat dissipation, the RRU without fan improves the reliability and

reduces the maintenance cost.

New features and enhancement

IP transmission on the Iu/Iur interface

IP transmission on the Iu/Iur interface is introduced in RAN6.1, which will

decrease the transport cost greatly compared with the ATM transport cost.

Iu flex enhancement

Iu flex enhancement includes enhanced load balancing and load re-distribution.

This feature improves the performance and meets the operators’ load distribution

strategy in the Iu flex networking scenario.

RAN sharing phase2



In RAN sharing phase2, the dedicated Iub transmission control is introduced,

which refers to the separated Iub transmission resource management for the

operators sharing the RAN. With this feature, the operators’ differentiated QoS

requirement is guaranteed.

Other new features and enhancement

For details, please refer to the description and enhancement of following

chapters and Optional Function Description of Huawei UMTS RAN6.1.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

None

Benefits


Wider product range, including new products and configurations

The BSC6810 provides higher capacity and tighter structure.

New features and enhancement.





Availability


Description

Compatibility with the 3GPP Release 6 (2007-03)


The UMTS RAN10.0 supports the following new boards and configurations in existing

products:

The enhanced base band interface (EBBI) card is used to support the HSUPA

Phase2 and more CEs. It can be co-configured with all other boards in the macro

NodeBs BTS3812E, BTS3812A, and BTS3812AE.

The enhanced baseband optical interface (EBOI) card is used to support the

RRU connection to the macro NodeBs: BTS3812E, BTS3812A and BTS3812AE.

EBOI also supports HSUPA phase2 and more CEs. It can be co-configured with

all other boards in the macro NodeB.

The enhanced uplink process (EULP) card is used to support the HSUPA

Phase2 and more CEs, used in the macro NodeBs: BTS3812, BTS3812A,

BTS3812E, and BTS3812AE. The EULP can be co-configured with other boards

in the macro NodeB.

The extension base band card (EBBC) is used to support the HSUPA Phase2

and more CEs in distributed the NodeB BBU3806. The EBBC can support hot

plugging. With the BBU+EBBC, 6 cells can be supported.

BTS3812E/AE supports WRFU (WCDMA radio frequency unit), a more compact

RF module, integrated the MTRU function and MAFU function. The WRFU

supports 80W maximum output power and 4 carriers. With the WRFU,

BTS3812E/AE can expand configuration to support 3 sectors * 6 carriers or 3

sectors * 8carries.

The GTPu is re-arrayed for the unified interface board.

The POUa board of the BSC6810 supports IP over channelized STM-1/OC-3

(CPOS)

The UMTS RAN10.0 introduces the new NodeB product portfolio based on new

hardware platform.

Indoor baseband unit BBU3900.



Indoor radio filter unit WRFU. The WRFU provides four carriers and 80-W

nominal output power. B It can support 1carrier to 4 carrier configurations. Only

Band 1 (2100 MHz) WRFU will be released in RAN10.0.

Outdoor remote radio unit RRU3804. The RRU3804 provides four carriers and

60-W nominal output power. It can support 1carrier to 4 carrier configurations.

Band 1 (2100 MHz) ，Band II (1900 MHz) ，Band IV (1700 MHz / DL 2100

MHz) and Band Ⅴ (850 MHz) RRU3804 will be released in RAN10.0

Different combinations of the units and auxiliary devices compose the following

3900 series NodeBs： DBS3900/BTS3900/BTS3900A can support up to 24 cell

carriers. There can be configured as Omni directional, 2-sector, 3-sector and 6-

sector configurations. The BTS3900 supports a smooth capacity expansion from

1 x 1 to 6 x 4 or 3 x 8. The maximum capacity of the BTS3900 is up to UL 1536

CEs and DL 1536 CEs. The capacity can be expanded simply through additional

modules or license upgrade.

New features and enhancement

HSUPA Phase 2

This feature is the enhancement of the HSUPA Phase 1. The main enhancement

includes:

- Peak rate: 5.76 Mbit/s per user (5.74 Mbit/s (MAC) per user)

- 2 ms / 10 ms TTI

- Max users per cell : 60

- UL compress mode (10 ms and 2 ms)

- Enhanced fast UL scheduling

- SRB over HSUPA, etc.

HSDPA Phase 4

This feature is the enhancement of the HSDPA Phase 3. The main enhancement

includes:

- F-DPCH

- MBMS over HSDPA (PtP)

- HS-DPCCH preamble mode

- Peak rate: 14.4 Mbit/s per user (13.976 Mbit/s (MAC) per user)

- SRB over HSDPA, and so on

HSPA over Iur

VoIP over HSPA (trial)

Enhanced MBMS broadcast



Robust header compression (RoHC)

Multi band HO based on service priority and band

Active queue management (AQM)

IP transmission enhancement

Some new interface ports are supported:

- IP over STM-1/OC-3c (POS)

- IP over channelized STM-1/OC-3 (CPOS)

Enhancement for the existing port:

- Backup between IP over E1 and IP over FE

- BFD and ARP checking, etc.

Other new features and enhancement

For details, please refer to the Description and Enhancement in the following

chapters and the Optional Function Description of Huawei UMTS RAN10.0.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

None

Benefits


High output power amplifier for the macro NodeB extends the coverage and

capacity, saves the number of the sites, and gets better user experience.

Higher throughput by supporting of the HSUPA Phase 2 helps to get faster UL

speed and the possibility of introducing more new applications.



2 Standards Compliance

2.1 WRFD-010101 3GPP R6 Specifications


Availability


Description

RAN2.0 is compliant with the 3GPP R4 and back compliant with the R99.

RAN3.0/5.0 is compliant with the 3GPP R5 and back compliant with the R99 and R4.

Huawei RAN6.0/6.1 is compliant with the 3GPP R6 2006-03+ CR and back compliant

with the R99, R4 and R5 simultaneously.

Huawei RAN10.0 is compliant with the 3GPP R6 2007-03 and back compliant with

the R99, R4 and R5 simultaneously.

Enhancement

RAN10.0 is compliant with the 3GPP R6 2007-03 and back compliant with the R99,

R4 and R5 simultaneously.

Dependency

For the features and IEs in the messages introduced in Release6, CN nodes and UE

are also required to be compliant with the specification if they are related.

Benefits

With compliance to release 6, the new features and enhancements introduced in this

version can be possibly supported.



2.2 WRFD-010102 Operating Multi-band


Availability

This feature is available from RAN 2.0.

Description

The following 3GPP defined UMTS frequency bands are supported.

Operating

Band

UL Frequencies

UE transmit, NodeB

receive

DL frequencies

UE receive, NodeB

transmit

Availability

I 1920 to 1980 MHz 2110 to 2170 MHz RAN2.0

II 1850 to 1910 MHz 1930 to 1990 MHzMacro:RAN5.0

RRU: RAN5.1

III 1710 to 1785 MHz 1805 to 1880 MHzMacro:RAN5.0

RRU: RAN5.1

V 824 to 849 MHz 869 to 894 MHz RAN6.0

VIII 880 to 915 MHz 925 to 960 MHz RAN6.0

IV 1710 to 1755 MHz 2110 to 2155 MHz RRU: RAN6.1

IX 1749.9 to 1784.9 MHz 1844.9 to 1879.9 MHz RRU: RAN6.0

The macro NodeBs provide multi-band co-located in one cabinet. Since the flexibility

design of Huawei NodeB architecture, the multi-band only impact on the RF system.

The baseband modules including power, transmission, channel cards are completely

shared by different bands. The operators can make use of the needed frequency

segments to save the footprint of the BTS and improve the baseband usage.

The feature is implemented in the NodeB and RNC.

Different frequency bands should be configured with different RF modules.

Enhancement

In RAN5.0, the macro NodeB supports the 1900 M and 1800 M frequency band.

In RAN5.1, the RRU supports the 1900 M and 1800 M frequency band.

In RAN6.0, the 850 M and 900 M frequency band is supported by the macro NodeB

and RRU.



In RAN6.1, the AWS (UL 1700 MHz / DL 2100 MHz) frequency band is supported by

the RRU.

BTS3900/BTS3900A only support Band1 2100M in RAN10.0.

Dependency

None

Benefits

The NodeBs can be deployed widely according to the operator’s frequency

requirement.

The multi-band supported NodeB can save the cost of the hardware investment.



2.3 WRFD-010201 FDD Mode


Availability


Description

3GPP specification comprises Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) mode and Time

Division Duplex (TDD) mode. FDD mode uses individual frequency band for the

uplink and downlink. TDD mode uses the same frequency band for the uplink and

downlink. Huawei RAN only supports FDD mode.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

Need related node elements to be compliant with the 3GPP specifications in FDD

mode.

Benefits

This feature defines the mode supported by Huawei RAN.



3 RABs and Services

3.1 WRFD-010510 3.4/13.6/27.2Kbps RRC Connection and Radio Access Bearer Establishment and Release


Availability

This feature is available from RAN2.0;

This feature is introduced in 3GPP R99

Description

3.4/13.6/27.2Kbps RRC connection and Radio Access Bearer Establishment and

Release are supported to provide the services available. And the RNC will map these

RRC connection request and RAB assigned by CN to the corresponding radio

parameters according to their QoS requirements.

Channel type mapping

For RRC connection, operators can configure which channel type (CCH/DCH)

should be used according to the cause in RRC setup REQUEST message.

For RAB connection, operators can configure which RAB should be set up on

DCH while others on CCH.

RAB parameters mapping

As soon as the channel type is decided, the corresponding transport channel

and physical channel parameters will be allocated. Huawei RAN has a set of

such parameters for each supported typical service. If no matching service is

found, the nearest RAB parameters will be used. Moreover, operators can add

new services with new sets of parameters configured. These features can

maximize the service support capability of the system.

PS streaming/interactive/background RAB can also be set up on HS-DSCH or E-

DCH, such features belong to the optional feature WRFD-010610 HSDPA

Introduction Package, WRFD-010612 HSUPA Introduction Package, WRFD-

010630 Streaming Traffic Class on HSDPA and WRFD-010632 Streaming Traffic

Class on HSUPA.

Enhancement

In RAN3.0, 13.6Kbps RRC connection is supported.

In RAN6.1, 27.2Kbps RRC connection is supported.



Dependency

UE should support the rates at the same time

Benefits

This feature is the base of service support.



3.2 WRFD-010501 Conversational QoS Class


Availability



Description

QoS classes also refer to traffic classes. There are four different QoS classes defined

in 3GPP:

Conversational class;

Streaming class;

Interactive class;

Background class.

The main difference between these QoS classes is how delay sensitive the traffic is.

Conversational class is meant for traffic which is very delay sensitive and mainly used

to carry real time traffic flows. Fundamental characteristics for Real time

conversational QoS class include:

Preserved time relations (variation) between information entities of the stream;

Conversational pattern (stringent and low delay).

There are conversational class services in both CS and PS domain. The most well

known conversational traffic is speech and video phone services in CS domain and

VoIP in PS domain.

Huawei RAN supports the following conversational services as fundamental features:

1. CS AMR speech services of 8 rates, including 12.2 kbit/s, 10.2 kbit/s, 7.95 kbit/s,

7.4 kbit/s, 6.7 kbit/s, 5.9 kbit/s, 5.15 kbit/s, and 4.75 kbit/s. The RNC will select SF256

for AMRS services whose maximum rate is not higher than 7.95 kbit/s.

2. CS transparent data services (conversational class) with 64 kbit/s, 56 kbit/s, 32

kbit/s and 28.8 kbit/s.

3. PS bidirectional symmetric speech services at the rates of 64 kbit/s, 42.8 kbit/s, 32

kbit/s, 16 kbit/s, and 8 kbit/s.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

CN Node and UE should support the services at the same time.

Benefits



Conversational QoS class support capability can provide upper layer corresponding

services with QoS guaranteed.



3.3 RFD-010502 Streaming QoS Class


Availability


This feature is introduced in 3GPP R99.

Description

QoS classes also refer to traffic classes. There are four different QoS classes:


Streaming class;

Interactive class;

Background class.


Streaming class is one of the newcomers in data communication, raising a number of

new requirements in both telecommunication and data communication systems. It is

characterized by that the time relations (variation) between information entities (i.e.

samples, packets) of the stream should be preserved, although it does not have any

requirements on low transfer delay. Fundamental characteristics for streaming QoS

class include:

Preserved time relations (variation) between information entities of the stream.

There are streaming class services in both CS and PS domain. The most well known

streaming traffic is FAX in CS domain and streaming video in PS domain.

Huawei RAN supports the following streaming services as fundamental features:

1. CS transparent data services (streaming class) of 64 kbit/s.

2. CS nontransparent data services of 57.6 kbit/s, 28.8 kbit/s, and 14.4 kbit/s.

3. PS bidirectional symmetric or asymmetric streaming services at the rates of 384

kbit/s, 256 kbit/s, 144 kbit/s, 128 kbit/s, 64 kbit/s, 32 kbit/s, and 8 kbit/s.

4. PS unidirectional asymmetric streaming services at the rates of 384 kbit/s, 256

kbit/s, 144 kbit/s, 128 kbit/s, 64 kbit/s, 32 kbit/s, 8 kbit/s, and 0 kbit/s.

PS streaming service can also be carried on HSDPA/HSUPA which is the optional

features and described in WRFD-010610 HSDPA Service and WRFD-010612 HSUPA

Service.

Enhancement

In RAN6.0, PS 384 kbit/s bidirectional symmetric or asymmetric streaming service is

supported.



Dependency


Benefits

Streaming QoS class support capability can provide upper layer corresponding




3.4 WRFD-010503 Interactive QoS Class


Availability



Description



Streaming class;

Interactive class;

Background class.


Interactive class is another typical data communication scheme that on an overall

level is characterized by the request response pattern of the end-user. At the

message destination there is an entity expecting the message (response) within a

certain time. Round trip delay time is therefore one of the key attributes. Another

characteristic is that the content of the packets shall be transparently transferred (with

low bit error rate). Fundamental characteristics for Interactive QoS class include:

Request response pattern.

Preserve payload content.

There are interactive class services in PS domain while no application service in CS

domain is obviously needed. The most well known interactive traffic is web browsing.

Huawei RAN supports the following interactive services as fundamental features:

1. PS bidirectional symmetric or asymmetric interactive services at the rates of 384

kbit/s, 256 kbit/s, 144 kbit/s, 128 kbit/s, 64 kbit/s, 32 kbit/s, 16 kbit/s, and 8 kbit/s.

The higher rates can only be supported on HSDPA/HSUPA which are optional


Service

Enhancement

In RAN3.0, PS UL 384 kbit/s service is supported.

Dependency


Benefits



Interactive QoS class support capability can provides upper layer corresponding




3.5 WRFD-010504 Background QoS Class


Availability



Description



Streaming class;

Interactive class;

Background class.

第100章 The main difference between these QoS classes is how delay

sensitive the traffic is. Background class is one of the typical data communication

schemes. It is characterized by that the destination is not expecting the data within a

certain time. The scheme is thus more or less delivery time insensitive. Another

characteristic is that the content of the packets shall be transparently transferred (with

low bit error rate). Fundamental characteristics for background QoS class include:

The destination is not expecting the data within a certain time;

Preserved payload content;

There are background class services in PS domain while no application service in CS

domain is obviously needed. The most well known background traffic is background

download or E-mails.

Huawei RAN supports the following background services as fundamental features:

PS bidirectional symmetric or asymmetric background services at the rates of 384

kbit/s, 256 kbit/s, 144 kbit/s, 128 kbit/s, 64 kbit/s, 32 kbit/s, 16 kbit/s, and 8 kbit/s.

The higher rates can only be supported on HSDPA/HSUPA which are optional


Service

Enhancement

In RAN3.0, PS UL 384 kbit/s service is supported.

Dependency




Benefits

Background QoS class provides upper layer corresponding services with QoS

guaranteed.



3.6 WRFD-010609 Multiple RAB Introduction Package (PS RAB < 2)


Availability



Description

Multi-RAB can provide more abundant services simultaneously to the upper layer. In

the case of multi-RAB with the number of PS RAB less than two, Huawei supports the

following specifications:

Combination of two CS services (except for two AMR speech services)

One CS service + one PS service

Two CS services + one PS service (except for two AMR speech services)

In all the combination above, the bit rates of CS and PS services are not limited. That

is, any bit rates of CS and PS services defined in WRFD-010501 Conversational QoS

Class, WRFD-010502 Streaming QoS Class, WRFD-010503 Interactive QoS Class,

and WRFD-010501 Background QoS Class can be selected in the combination.

The PS conversational/streaming/interactive/background services can also be

mapped to HS-DSCH or E-DCH; such features will be supported in the optional

features WRFD-010610 HSDPA Introduction Package and WRFD-010612 HSUPA

Introduction Package.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

CN node and UE must have the corresponding multi-RAB support capability.

Benefits

Multi-RAB support capability provides operators with more service solution choices.



3.6.1 WRFD-01060901 Combination of Two CS Services (Except for Two AMR Speech Services)


Availability


Description

Huawei supports combination of two CS services (except for two AMR speech

services).

Enhancement

None

Dependency


Benefits




3.6.2 WRFD-01060902 Combination of One CS Service and One PS Service


Availability


Description

Huawei supports one CS service + one PS service.

Enhancement

None

Dependency


Benefits




3.6.3 WRFD-01060903 Combination of Two CS Services and One PS Service (Except for Two AMR Speech Services)


Availability


Description

Huawei supports two CS services + one PS service (except for two AMR speech

services).

Enhancement

None

Dependency


Benefits




3.7 WRFD-021104 Emergency Call


Availability



Description

When Emergency Call is triggered, “Establishment Cause” in the RRC Connection

Request message is set to “Emergency Call”.

Emergency call always has priority over the ordinary calls. When there is no enough

resources in the cell, pre-emption action to ordinary calls with lowest priority will be

triggered to guarantee that the emergency call have access to the network and be

served.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

None

Benefits

It is an essential feature for UMTS RAN.



4 RAN Architecture & Functions

4.1 WRFD-010204 2-Antenna Receive Diversity


Availability


Description

Receiving diversity refers to a technique of monitoring multiple frequencies from the

same signal source, or multiple radios and antennas monitoring the same frequency,

in order to combat signal fade and interference.

Receive diversity is one way to enhance the reception of uplink channels.

Huawei NodeBs support both RX diversity and no RX diversity.

In RX diversity mode, the NodeB does not require additional devices and works with

the same algorithms. Compared with 1-way no RX diversity, 2-way RX diversity

requires twice the number of RX channels. The number of RX channels depends on

the settings of the antenna connectors on the cabinet top.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

RX diversity requires the NodeB to provide enough RF channels and demodulation

resources that can match the number of diversity antennas. It has no special

requirements for RNC or UE.

Benefits

It can improve receiver sensitivity and uplink coverage, so that the CAPEX is

reduced.


http://www.answers.com/topic/interference

http://www.answers.com/topic/fading

http://www.answers.com/topic/frequency


4.2 WRFD-010205 Cell Digital Combination and Split


Availability


Description

In the indoor coverage, different antenna in different area should transmit and receive

one cell signal which is called cell split. DBS3800 and iDBS3800 support cell digital

combination and split.

The following figure shows the logical structure for cell digital combination and split.

The downlink digital signal can be driven into two RRUs, one is for this level RRU Tx

Path, and one is for lower level RRU. For uplink, this level RRU digital signal can be

combined with the lower level RRU signal and send to the upper level RRU or

baseband unit.

Each RRU or Pico RRU has an independent antenna and it can cover different areas,

but several RRU digital signals can be combined to one cell in uplink and one cell

signal can replicated to several RRU in RHUB, Pico RRU or macro RRU . It has same

scramble code.

Huawei introduces this feature to the Pico RRU and RRU, which is assigned to indoor

coverage.

Enhancement

None


RRU

Combined

RF Tx Path

RF Rx Path

Duplexer

CPRI Interface

CPRIInterface

Slave

Uplink

Split

Master

Upper level RRU or BB

lower level RRU


Dependency

None

Benefits

Cell digital combination and split will not bring additional noises and signal losses

compared with the analog combination and split. It can provide larger capacity and

wider coverage.



4.3 WRFD-010208 Fast Power Congestion Control (FCC)


Availability


Description

Fast power congestion control (FCC) is a NodeB function that complements the RNC

congestion control. The function supervises the output power per slot that users (all

users) demand at the same time, using the same time scale as the fast power control

function.

Huawei provides the DL automatic level control (ALC) function as the method of the

fast power congestion control in the NodeB, in order to limit the output power and

avoid the PA saturation. The ALC supervise the signal strength to the PA. When it

reaches to the threshold, the ALC can increase the TX channel attenuated signals to

keep the output power lower than the threshold to avoid the PA saturation.

The NodeB uses the FCC to fast control the output power, the control Reaction time

is 1024chip, which is fast enough to fully prevent saturation of the TX chain or

overdriving of the power amplifier without the need for power margins.

Therefore, cell behavior remains robust at maximum load without running the risk of

dropped cells or modulation inaccuracy. Furthermore, the RNC congestion and

admission thresholds can be set to higher levels, which increase cell capacity without

compromising overall quality of service.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

None

Benefits

This feature enables full utilization of Power Amplifiers for traffic load especially for dynamic power sharing in one carrier between R99 and HSDPA..



4.4 WRFD-010211 Active TX Chain Gain Calibration


Availability


Description

The active TX chain gain calibration increases the RF output power accuracy, reduce

margins required in network dimensioning, all power can be used for traffic.

All radio HW has a natural spread in characteristics. RF components such as TRX,

MCPA, cables connector and filters have a spread in gain over time, temperature and

individual variations. This spread in gain will add up on system level and can result in

variations of output power of 1.5-2 dB on NodeB level.

The active TX chain gain calibration compensates for these variations and maintains

a high accuracy during all conditions. The actual transmitted power is measured and

the level is compared with the digital input signal. Based on these values the gain in

the TX chain is calibrated by a SW algorithm. This calibration is done constant during

traffic，compensates for temperature drift, subsystem gain spread and time to

guarantee the accuracy of the output power.

This feature enables an output power accuracy of +/- 0.6 dB for BTS3900 and

reduces needed cell planning margins to a minimum. All available power can be used

for traffic.

Enhancement

None

Dependence

None

Benefits

This feature provides high output power accuracy for the NodeB, and reduces the

margins required in network dimensioning; all power can be used for traffic.



4.5 WRFD-021301 Shared Network Support in Connected Mode


Availability



Description

Based on R99 specifications, when the UE is in idle mode, the CN+UTRAN have

mechanisms available to provide UE-specific access restrictions for LAs of the current

PLMN and other PLMNs by using roaming agreement. But there is no mechanism to

restrict UE behavior in connected mode, since UTRAN does not have enough

information to handle the UE as CN does to UE in idle mode. Accordingly, this feature

is introduced in 3GPP R5 and used to provide an access restriction mechanism for

UE in connected mode.

To support this function, the RNC obtains the parameters of the shared network

support in connected mode from the messages and information elements (IE) which

defined in 3GPP TS 25.413 and 25.423 including:

The information of the PLMN/SNA that allows the UE to connect to, which is

acquired from CN through RELOCATION REQUEST or COMMON ID message.

The information of the SNAs that the LAs belong to, which is from CN through

INFORMATION TRANSFER message or from DRNC through RADIO LINK

SETUP RESPONSE and UPLINK SIGNALING TRANSFER messages.

Each LA belongs to one or several shared network area (SNA) while one UE can

belong to one or several SNAs. Based on the information, the RNC decides whether

the UE is allowed to get services in the new network or not according to the

information.

The following procedures have connection with this feature:

Cell update

When the UE initiates cell update in the destination cell, the RNC decides

whether or not the UE is allowed to access the destination cell.

If the UE is not allowed to access the destination cell, the cell update fails.

URA update

The URA update is the same to the cell update.

Handover



During the soft handover or the hard handover, the RNC does not send

measurement control indication if the UE is not allowed to access a cell.

Therefore, the UE does not trigger a measurement report of that cell. As a result,

the UE cannot be handed over to that cell.

Relocation

When the target RNC (TRNC) receives a RELOCATION REQUEST message, it

decides whether or not the UE is allowed to access the destination cell.

If the UE is not allowed to access the destination cell, the relocation failure

procedure is triggered.

Handling common ID message

The RNC obtains the IMSI information of the UE in the common ID message and

decides whether or not the UE is allowed to access the current cell.

If the UE is not allowed to access the current cell, the RRC connection is

released.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

CN mode must support this feature at the same time and when it is related to Iur

interface, the RNC connected to should also support the feature.

Benefits

With this feature, the RNC can prevent UE in connected mode from moving to an un-

subscribed area. It is also a supplement feature for implementing shared networks

solutions.



4.6 WRFD-010202 UE State in Connected Mode (CELL-DCH, CELL-PCH, URA-PCH, CELL-FACH)


Availability



Description

In 3GPP, there are four RRC connected states for UE including URA_PCH,

CELL_PCH, CELL_FACH and CELL_DCH. Huawei RAN supports all these 4 states.

URA_PCH/CELL_PCH: In these states, UE has neither DCCH nor DTCH available.

When UE originates a call or receives paging from CN, CELL_UPDATE procedure

will be triggered. Periodically URA UPDATE or CELL_UPDATE procedure can also be

used to keep the connection with the network. Since no DTCH or DCCH is allocated,

UE in these states nearly occupies no radio resources, thus no service is available as

a result.

CELL_FACH: In this state, UE has DCCH and DTCH mapping to the common

channels which are used to bear RRC signaling and traffic data. UE also performs

cell reselection with Cell Update procedure to camp on a proper cell. Since the

common resources can be shared among different UEs, the traffic QoS such as

transfer delay, bandwidth can not be guaranteed.

CELL_DCH: In this state, UE has DCCH and DTCH mapping to the dedicated

channels which are used to bear RRC signaling and traffic data. Since the dedicated

resources are allocated, the traffic QoS can be guaranteed while the cell load is

increased accordingly. When UE is using HSDPA and/or HSUPA, it also belongs to

CELL_DCH state.

These four states can be transformed according to the UE service characteristics and

behaviors, such procedures are channel type transition. For details, please refer to

the feature WRFD-021101 Dynamic Channel Configuration Function (DCCC).

For the channel transition between CELL_DCH (HS-DSCH) and other states, please

refer to the optional feature WRFD-01061111 HSDPA State Transition.

Enhancement

In RAN2.0, the basic four states and transition algorithms are implemented.

In RAN5.0, with the deployment of HSDPA feature, UE in CELL_DCH (HS-DSCH)

state is also supported.



In RAN 6.0 with the deployment of HSUPA feature, UE in CELL_DCH (E-DCH) state

is also supported.

Dependency

UE should support the states.

Benefits

This feature makes it possible to put UE in the proper state according to the QoS

requirements. Thus, it improves the resources usage efficiency and increases the

system capacity without obvious user experience degradation. It is an essential

feature for UMTS RAN system.



4.7 WRFD-010401 System Information Broadcasting


Availability



Description

System information broadcasting which is needed by the UE for its operation in the

network provides UE with the Access Stratum and Non Access Stratum information.

The system information is organized as a tree-type. A master information block gives

references and scheduling information to a number of system information blocks in a

cell. The system information blocks contain the actual system information.

Scheduling of system information blocks is performed by the RRC layer in UTRAN.

RRC can automatically calculate the repetition period and position of each SIB

segment based on its importance.

The key information of each SIB Huawei supported is listed in the table below.

System

Information

Block

Area

ScopeContent

Master information

blockCell SIB scheduling information

Scheduling block

1Cell SIB scheduling information

Scheduling block

2Cell SIB scheduling information

SIB1 PLMNNAS information and timers used by UE in

connected mode and idle mode

SIB2 Cell URA Id

SIB3 Cell

Parameters of cell selection and reselection in

idle mode

Parameters of hierarchical cell in idle mode



System

Information

Block

Area

ScopeContent

SIB4 Cell

Parameters of cell selection and reselection in

connected mode

Parameters of Hierarchical cell in connected

mode (CCH state)

SIB5 Cell

Parameters of common physical channels for

UE in idle mode(PRACH, AICH, PICH, S-

CCPCH)

SIB6 CellParameters of common physical channel in

connected mode

SIB7 Cell UL interference, dynamical persistence level

SIB11 Cell Measurement control information in idle mode

SIB12 CellMeasurement control information in connected

mode

SIB18 Cell PLMN ID of neighboring cells

Enhancement

In RAN5.0, SIB 4, SIB 6, and SIB 12 are supported.

Dependency

None

Benefits

This feature provides UE access layer and non access layer with information which

UE needs and controls UE behavior in the network.



4.8 WRFD-010301 Paging UE in Idle, CELL_PCH, URA_PCH State (Type 1)


Availability



Description

Paging type 1 procedure is used to transmit paging information to the selected UEs in

idle mode, CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state using the paging control channel (PCCH).

With this feature, upper layers in the network can:

Trigger UE establishing a RRC signaling connection.

Trigger CELL UPDATE procedure of UE in CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state.

Trigger reading of updated system broadcast of UE in idle mode, CELL_PCH or

URA_PCH state.

Trigger releasing signaling connection of UE in CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

None.

Benefits

The network can control the UE in idle mode, CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state which

has no Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH) with paging type 1 procedure.



4.9 WRFD-010302 Paging UE in CELL_FACH, CELL_DCH State (Type 2)


Availability



Description

Paging type 2 procedure is used to transmit paging information to selected UEs in

CELL_DCH or CELL_FACH state, and the paging type 2 will be transferred on

DCCH.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

None.

Benefits

The network can control the UE in CELL_FACH or CELL_DCH state which has

dedicated control channel (DCCH) with paging type 2 procedure.



4.10 WRFD-020900 Logical Channel Management


Availability



Description

A set of logical channel types are defined for different kinds of data transfer services

as offered by MAC. Each logical channel type is defined by what type of information is

transferred. A general classification of logical channels is into two groups:

Control channels (for the transfer of control plane information).

Traffic channels (for the transfer of user plane information).

Control channels are used for the transfer of control plane information including:

Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)

Paging Control Channel (PCCH)

Common Control Channel (CCCH)

Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH)

Traffic channels are used for the transfer of user plane information including:

Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH)

Common Traffic Channel (CTCH)

Mapping between logical channels and transport channels is as below

I. In Uplink,

CCCH can be mapped to RACH;

DCCH can be mapped to RACH;

DCCH can be mapped to DCH;

DTCH can be mapped to RACH;

DTCH can be mapped to DCH;

DTCH can be mapped to E-DCH;

II. In Downlink,

BCCH can be mapped to BCH;

BCCH can be mapped to FACH;

PCCH can be mapped to PCH;

CCCH can be mapped to FACH;

DCCH can be mapped to FACH;

DCCH can be mapped to HS-DSCH;

DCCH can be mapped to DCH;



DTCH can be mapped to FACH;

DTCH can be mapped to HS-DSCH;

DTCH can be mapped to DCH;

CTCH can be mapped to FACH;

The mapping between DTCH and HS-DSCH/E-DCH belongs to the optional features

WRFD-010610 HSDPA Introduction Package and WRFD-010612 HSUPA Introduction

Package.

Enhancement

In RAN3.0, CTCH supported with cell broad service (CBS) feature is introduced.

Dependency

None.

Benefits

This feature provides the base of data transfer and resource management algorithm.



4.11 WRFD-021000 Transport Channel Management


Availability



Description

Transport channel is used to offer information transfer services to MAC and higher

layers.

A general classification of transport channels is into two groups:

Common transport channels

Dedicated transport channels

Common transport channel types are:

Random Access Channel (RACH)

Forward Access Channel (FACH)

Broadcast Channel (BCH)

Paging Channel (PCH)

High Speed Downlink Shared Channel (HS-DSCH)

Dedicated transport channel types are:

Dedicated Channel (DCH)

Enhanced Dedicated Channel (E-DCH)

Enhancement

In RAN5.0, HS-DSCH supported with HSDPA feature is introduced.

In RAN6.0, E-DCH supported with HSUPA feature is introduced.

Dependency


To support the HSDPA transport channels, the HSDPA supported downlink process

board (HBBI or HDLP) should be added in the NodeB and the optional feature

WRFD-010610 HSDPA Service must be selected.

To support the HSUPA transport channels, the optional feature WRFD-010612

HSUPA Service must be selected.

Benefits

This feature provides the base of data transfer and resource management algorithm.



4.12 WRFD-022000 Physical Channel Management


Availability



Description

A physical channel may bear several transport channels and a transport channel may

be borne by several physical channels.

The Coded Composite Transport Channel (CCTrCH) is defined as the multiplexing of

several transport channels that can be supported by one or several physical channels

on the radio interface. Some physical channels are used only by the physical layer of

the radio interface, only the following physical channels may bear transport channels:

P-CCPCH: Primary Common Control Physical Channel

S-CCPCH: Secondary Common Control Physical Channel

PRACH: Physical Random Access Channel

DPDCH: Dedicated Physical Data Channel

HS-PDSCH: High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel

E-DPDCH: E-DCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel

The following 3GPP Standards define the main characteristics of the FDD Physical

Channels:

[1] TS25.211 Physical channels and mapping of transport channels onto physical

channels (FDD)

[2] TS25.212 Multiplexing and channel coding (FDD)

[3] TS25.213 Spreading and modulation (FDD)

[4] TS25.214 Physical layer procedures (FDD)

The set of physical channels types supported by the Huawei NodeB is given in the

tables below. The characteristics of these supported physical channels are compliant

with 3GPP TS25.211. Physical channels are carried on the radio interface only in the

NodeB of the UTRAN, but are managed by the RNC.



Channel Availability Direction Characteristics

PRACH

Physical

Random

Access

Channel

RAN2.0UL

Common

PRACH is used to carry the RACH

which carries random access

information of the UE accessing the

network.

It consists of one or several preambles

of length 4096 chips and a message of

length 10 ms or 20 ms. The spreading

factor may range from 256 down to 32.

Uplink

DPDCH

Uplink

Dedicated

Physical

Data

Channel

RAN2.0UL

Dedicated

The uplink DPDCH is used to carry the

DCH transport channel. There may be

zero, one, or several uplink DPDCHs on

each radio link.

The spreading factor may range from

256 down to 4.

Uplink

DPCCH

Uplink

Dedicated

Physical

Control

Channel

RAN2.0UL

Dedicated

The uplink DPCCH is used to carry

control information generated at Layer

1. The Layer 1 control information

consists of TFCI, TPC, Pilot bits, FBI,

which is required to convey DPDCH.

There is one and only one uplink

DPCCH on each radio link.

Generally, the spreading factor is equal

to 256.

P-CCPCH

Primary

Common

Control

Physical

Channel

RAN2.0DL

Common

The Primary CCPCH is a fixed rate (30

kbps, SF=256) downlink physical

channel used to carry the BCH

transport channel which provides

system and cell specific information.

It is not transmitted during first 256

chips of each slot since time

multiplexed with SCH.




S-CCPCH

Secondary

Common

Control

Physical

Channel

RAN2.0DL

Common

The Secondary CCPCH is used to carry

the FACH and PCH. The FACH and

PCH can be mapped to the same or

separate Secondary CCPCHs.

The spreading factor range is from 256

down to 4. It has no inner-loop power

control and is not always transmitted.

P-SCH

Primary

Synchroniza

tion Channel

RAN2.0DL

Common

The P-SCH is used for cell search

procedure (Slot synchronization).

This channel has no scrambled or

OVSF coded. It is time multiplexed with

P-CCPCH.

S-SCH

Secondary

Synchroniza

tion Channel

RAN2.0DL

Common

The S-SCH is used for cell search

procedure (SC group identification).

Not scrambled nor OVSF coded. Time

multiplexed with P-CCPCH.

P-CPICH

Primary

Common

Pilot

Channel

RAN2.0DL

Common

The CPICH is a fixed rate (30 kbps,

SF=256) downlink physical channel that

carries a pre-defined bit sequence.

The Primary CPICH is the phase

reference for the following downlink

channels: SCH, Primary CCPCH,

Second CCPCH, AICH, PICH and

DPCH.

There is one and only one P-CPICH per

cell. It is always scrambled by the

Primary SC.

PICH

Page

Indication

Channel

RAN2.0DL

Common

The PICH is a fixed rate (SF=256)

physical channel used to carry the

paging indicators. The PICH is always

associated with an S-CCPCH (mapped

with PCH) to carry the Paging Indicators

(PI) informing the UE that paging

information is available on the

SCCPCH.




AICH

Acquisition

Indicator

Channel

RAN2.0DL

Common

The AICH is a fixed rate (SF=256)

physical channel used to carry

Acquisition Indicators (AI). Acquisition

Indicators corresponding to signatures

on the PRACH are used by the network

to confirm to the UE the reception of its

access (PRACH).

Downlink

DPCH

Downlink

Dedicated

Physical

Channel

RAN2.0DL

Dedicated

The downlink DPCH can be seen as a

time multiplex of a downlink DPDCH

and a downlink DPCCH. It carries

dedicated data generated at Layer 2

and above (i.e. the dedicated transport

channel DCH), with control information

generated at Layer 1 (pilot bits, TPC

commands, and TFCI).

The spreading factor may range from

512 down to 4.

HS-DPCCH

Dedicated

Physical

Control

Channel for

HS-DSCH

RAN5.0UL

Dedicated

The HS-DPCCH carries uplink feedback

signaling related to downlink HS-DSCH

transmission. It consists of HARQ-ACK

and CQI.

The spreading factor of the HS-DPCCH

is 256




HS-SCCH

Shared

Control

Channel for

HS-DSCH

RAN5.0DL

Common

The HS-SCCH is a fixed rate (60 kbps,

SF=128) downlink physical channel

used to carry downlink signaling related

to HS-DSCH transmission, including

modulation mode, size of a

transmission block, redundant version

information, UE ID and HS-PDSCH

code.

HS-SCCH is aligned with the PCCPCH

in timing and keeps fixed time offset

with the HS-PDSCH. Its spreading

factor is fixed as 128 and QPSK is the

only modulation mode.

The number of HS-SCCHs and the

channel codes in the cell are

determined by the RNC, and are

notified to the NodeB through the NBAP

signaling message. When the NodeB

sends the data to the UE through the

HS-PDSCH, the UE can detect one to

four HS-SCCHs that are specified by

the NodeB at one time.

HS-PDSCH

High Speed

Physical

Downlink

Shared

Channel

RAN5.0DL

Common

The HS- PDSCH is used to carry HS-

DSCH.

A HS-PDSCH corresponds to one

channelization code of fixed spreading

factor SF16 from a set of channelization

codes reserved for HS-DSCH

transmission. Multi-code transmission

is allowed, which means in one HS-

PDSCH sub-frame multiple

channelization codes could be used for

one UE. It depends on UE’s capability

also.

The HS-PDSCH adopts the QPSK or

16QAM modulation mode.




E-DPDCH

E-DCH

Dedicated

Physical

Data

Channel

RAN6.0UL

Dedicated

The E-DPDCH is used to carry the E-

DCH transport channel. There may be

zero, one, or several E-DPDCHs on

each radio link.

Its spreading factor set is {SF256,

SF128, SF64, SF32, SF16, SF8, SF4,

2×SF4, 2×SF2 and 2×SF2+2×SF4}. In

RAN 6.0, spreading factor set {SF256,

SF128, SF64, SF32, SF16, SF8, SF4,

2×SF4,} can be supported.

E-DPCCH

E-DCH

Dedicated

Physical

Control

Channel

RAN6.0UL

Dedicated

The E-DPCCH is a physical channel

used to transmit control information

associated with the E-DCH. There is at

most one E-DPCCH on each radio link.

The spreading factor is always equal to

256.

E-AGCH

E–DCH

Absolute

Grant

Channel

RAN6.0DL

Common

E-AGCH is a common downlink

physical channel, which carries the

maximum power ratio of

E-DPDCH/DPCCH that can be allowed

to use by the UE, it is only sent from the

serving cell that the serving radio link of

the UE belongs to. An E-AGCH is

shared by many users in time

dimension and the adjustment

procedure is usually at slow speed.

The spreading factor of E-AGCH is 256,

and the fixed rate of E-AGCH is 30

kbit/s.




E-RGCH

E-DCH

Relative

Grant

Channel

RAN6.0DL

Dedicated

E-RGCH is a dedicated downlink

physical channel, which carries the

relative grant value for modifying power

ratio of E-DPDCH/DPCCH, it is used to

frequently adjust the UE uplink transmit

power, which could happen per 2ms

TTI.

E-RGCH and E-HICH of a user shares

the same channel code with spreading

factor 128, and one channel code for E-

RGCH and E-HICH can be spread

again with 40 orthogonal signature

sequences, which extends the usage of

the downlink channel code.

E-HICH

E-DCH

Hybrid ARQ

Indicator

Channel

RAN6.0DL

Dedicated

E-HICH is a dedicated downlink

physical channel, which carries the E-

DCH hybrid ARQ acknowledgement

indicator such as ACK/NACK, the

acknowledgement indicator informs UE

whether the data for a user process is

received correctly or not in the NodeB.

MICH RAN6.0DL

Common

The MBMS Indicator Channel (MICH) is

a fixed rate (SF=256) physical channel

used to carry the MBMS notification

indicators. The MICH is always

associated with an S-CCPCH to which

a FACH transport channel is mapped.

F-DPCH RAN10.0

F-DPCH is a shared channel which only

carries the UE specific TPC bits, so the

A-DCH can be replaced by shared

channel to save the code and power

resource.

Replacing A-DPCH with F-DPCH will

boost the capacity for VoIP traffic in DL.



The following figure summarizes the mapping of transport channels onto physical

channels.

Enhancement

In RAN5.0, HSDPA is supported, and the following channels are added.

HS-DPCCH, Dedicated Physical Control Channel for HS-DSCH

HS-SCCH, Shared Control Channel for HS-DSCH

HS-PDSCH, High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel

In RAN6.0, HSUPA is supported, and the following channels are added.

E-DPDCH, E-DCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel

E-DPCCH, E-DCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel



E-AGCH, E–DCH Absolute Grant Channel

E-RGCH, E-DCH Relative Grant Channel

E-HICH, E-DCH Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel

MICH, MBMS Indicator Channel

In RAN10.0, the F-DPCH is added

Dependency

To support HSDPA physical channels, the HSDPA enabled downlink process board

(HBBI or HDLP) should be added in the NodeB and the optional feature WRFD-

010610 HSDPA Service must be selected.

To support HSUPA physical channels, the optional feature WRFD-010612 HSUPA

Service must be selected.

To support F-DPCH, the macro NodeB BTS3812E or BTS3812AE needs to add EBBI

or EBOI, and the distributed NodeB BBU3806 needs to add the EBBC.

Benefits

With F-DPCH, more VoIP users can be supported.



4.13 WRFD-011401 Integrity Protection


Availability



Description

The Integrity protection handles the control of integrity protection of signaling data

and the co-ordination of integrity keys between different core networks (PS and CS).

It enables receiving entity (the UE or the RNC) to verify if the signaling data is illegally

changed. It encrypts and decrypts the signaling data using a certain integrity

algorithm with an integrity key (IK).

Huawei RAN supports integrity algorithm UIA1.

Enhancement

None

Dependency


Benefits

The procedure enhances network and user data security, and protects the data and

networks from illegal interception and modifying.



4.14 WRFD-011402 Encryption


Availability



Description

The Encryption function handles the control of ciphering of data and signaling data

and the coordination encryption keys between different core networks (PS and CS). It

encrypts and decrypts data and signaling using a certain encryption algorithm with a

cipher key (CK).

Huawei RAN supports encryption algorithm UEA0 and UEA1.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

None.

Benefits

The procedure enhances network and user data security and protects the data and

networks from illegal interception and modifying.



4.15 WRFD-020501 Open Loop Power Control


Availability



Description

Open-loop power control attempts to make a rough estimation of path loss by means

of power measurements, network parameter setting and QoS requirement, then to

provide a proper initial power used by the UE and the NodeB.

Open-loop power control is applied on the uplink PRACH and DPCH as well as the

downlink DPCH. The other downlink common channel’s initial power is set fixed by

the network.

For the PRACH, firstly, UE will calculate the initial PRACH preambles transmit power

by estimation of downlink path loss, and other necessary information like UL

inferences by the cell system broadcasting. The following ramping rule is also

controlled by the network through parameters setting in broadcasting information. As

soon as the positive acquisition indicator is received on AICH, the transmit power of

PRACH message control part can be certain with the power offset to the last

transmitted preamble. Meanwhile, the transmit power of data part can be calculated

by gain factors for control and data part.

For the uplink DPCCH transmission, initial power is calculated in the same way as

PRACH, except the power offset is different which provided by RRC messages.

Moreover, uplink DPDCH transmit power can be calculated with the gain factors

signaled by the network.

For the downlink DPCH, the DPDCH transmit power is firstly estimated according to

the RAB QoS assigned and the network configured parameters, the transmit power of

each DPCCH part TFCI, TPC and pilot can be calculated by the network controlled

power offset (PO1/PO2/PO3) setting.

Open power control is used in the following scenarios which need an initial power on

the new added radio link.

- RRC connection setup

- Radio link addition in soft handover

- Hard handover

- Relocation

- Channel type switching



Enhancement

None

Dependency

None

Benefits

The proper initial power setting can decrease the possibility of burst interference to

the network and improve the performance of the inner power control.



4.16 WRFD-020502 Downlink Power Balance


Availability



Description

During soft handover, the UL TPC command is demodulated in each RLS and due to

demodulation errors, the difference between the initial transmit power of new added

RL and existing one may lead to the drifting of transmit power. The more DL transmit

power drifting is, the less macro-diversity gain is.

Downlink power balance is used to correct the transmit power drifting in such

scenarios and improve soft handover performance accordingly.

In the downlink, the NodeB will calculate the transmit power with considering TPC

commands sent by UE as well as the reference power set by the network. When the

drifting of transmit power is too much, the network will update the reference power to

decrease the power difference of different RLs.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

None

Benefits

Downlink power balance can decrease the transmit power drifting of different RLs and

improve soft handover performance accordingly.



4.17 WRFD-020503 Outer loop Power Control


Availability



Description

Outer loop power control is to maintain the communication quality at the level

required by the service bearer through adjustment of the SIR target. This control acts

on each DCH belonging to the same RRC connection.

Outer loop power control comprises downlink and uplink outer loop power control. For

the downlink, it is to maintain the proper SIR target used in downlink inner loop power

control and the algorithm depends on UE implementation, the downlink BLER

requirements of each RB was signaled by the network for UE to consider. For the

uplink, it is to maintain the proper SIR target used in uplink inner power control and

set by the network.

For the uplink outer loop power control, the SRNC gets the uplink quality after macro

diversity selection combining firstly, and then the SRNC compares the RX BLER with

the BLER target. If the RX BLER is higher than the BLER target, the SRNC increases

the SIR target; otherwise, it decreases. When BLER is not available, BER will be

used instead. After adjusting the SIR target, the SRNC sends the new SIR target

through FP frames to all NodeBs for uplink inner loop power control.

The initial SIR target provided by the RNC to the NodeB is service-dependent and it

will be updated by the uplink quality measurement of each DCH in the following

phases.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

None

Benefits

Outer loop power control is used to set the proper SIR target used for uplink inner

loop power control and improve the uplink performance.



4.18 WRFD-020504 Inner Loop Power Control


Availability



Description

Inner loop power control is also called fast closed-loop power control and only applied

to the dedicate channel. It controls the transmit power according to the information

returned from the peer physical layer. The UE and the NodeB can adjust the transmit

power according to the RX SIR of the peer end, to compensate for the fading of radio

links.

Inner loop power control consists of uplink and downlink inner-loop power control, and

they work individually.

The uplink inner-loop power control is used to adjust the UE transmit power by

receiving TPC commands from the NodeB. There are fast and slow power control

algorithm (PCA) defined by 3GPP protocol. The PCA1 is the fast power control in

which the UE adjusts the power in one slot and the PCA2 is the slow power control in

which the UE adjusts every 5 slots. It lowers the power control frequency from 1500

times/s to 300 times/s maximally. The operators decide which PCA will be chosen in

the RRC messages.

The downlink inner-loop power control is used to adjust the NodeB transmit power by

receiving TPC commands from UE. There are two downlink power control (DPC)

modes which also control the downlink power adjust frequency. That is, the UE sends

the TPC command every slot in the DPC mode 0 while sending the same TPC

command in 3 slots in the DPC mode 1. The operators decide which DPC mode will

be used by RRC signaling.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

None.

Benefits

Inner loop power control adjusts the uplink and downlink power to the minimum while

ensuring the QoS, thus increases system capacity. It can also be used to prevent

shadow fading and fast fading.



4.19 WRFD-020101 Admission Control


Availability


Description

Admission control is used to improve the resource usage efficiency and RRC/RAB

setup success rate. The following 4 types of resources will be admitted:

Cell available code resource

Cell available power resource

NodeB resource state, that is, NodeB credits

Available Iub transport layer resource, that is, Iub transmission bandwidth

Only when all of these resources are available can a call be admitted and the

admission procedure applies to the uplink and downlink separately.

Note: This part of admission control is only applied to R99 services

I. Code Resource

When a new service accesses the network, the code resource admission is

successful if the code resource can be allocated to the service.

II. Power Resource

The following three algorithms are available for power resource:

Algorithm 1

Power resource admission decision based on power or interference

Based on the current cell load (uplink load factor and downlink TCP) and the

access request, the RNC decides whether the cell load will exceed the threshold

or not if admitting a new call. If yes, the RNC rejects the request. If no, the RNC

accepts the request.

Algorithm 2

Power resource admission decision based on the equivalent number of users.

Based on the current equivalent number of users and the access request, the

RNC decides whether the equivalent number of users will exceed the threshold

or not if admitting a new call. If yes, the RNC rejects the request. If no, the RNC

accepts the request.

Algorithm 3

It is similar to algorithm 1, but the prediction of needed power of a new call will

be set to zero.



Four basic load thresholds are used for admission decision. They are:

Handover admission threshold

AMR conversational service admission threshold

Non AMR conversational service admission threshold

Other service admission threshold

With these thresholds, the RNC can define the proportion between speech service

and other services while ensuring handover preference.

III. NodeB credit

The NodeB credit admission includes the following:

Local cell level admission decision

Local cell group level admission decision (if any)

NodeB level admission decision

Services can access the network only after all admission decisions are passed

For details about local cell, local cell group, and capacity consumption law, please

refer to the 3GPP TS 25.433.

According to the common and dedicated channels capacity consumption laws, and

the addition, removal, and reconfiguration of the common and dedicated channels,

the controlling RNC (CRNC) debits the amount of the credit resource consumed from

or credits the amount to the capacity credit of the local cell (and local cell group, if

any) based on the spreading factor.

If the UL capacity credit and DL capacity credit are separate, the maintenance on the

local cell (and local cell group, if any) is performed in UL and DL respectively.

If the UL capacity credit and DL capacity credit are not separate, only the

maintenance on the global capacity credit is performed for the local cell (and local cell

group, if any).

IV. Iub transport layer resource

Different services have different QoS requirements, therefore, differentiated

transmission must be applied according to the service QoS requirements. The

mapping relation between service and transport resources can be configured.

The principles of Iub bandwidth admission control are described as follows:

I. Each type of path can be configured with the total bandwidth of the physical port to

which the path is connected. Thus, the total bandwidth of all paths that connect to the

port may exceed the physical bandwidth of the port. Therefore, the following two

levels of admission are necessary:

Admission control on the path level

Admission control on the port level



II. Traffic congestion and bearer congestion are considered. For admission, the only

factor that needs to be considered is the Iub resources corresponding to the traffic

class.

III. The primary path takes priority over the secondary path during admission. The

secondary path is tried when the admission attempt for the primary path fails.

For HSDPA/HSUPA, the admission control also applies. Please refer to optional

features WRFD-01061003 HSDPA Admission Control and WRFD-01061202 HSUPA

Admission Control.

In the admission control procedure, some other features can be used to improve the

access success rate. That is, the feature Rate Negotiation at Admission Control

(WRFD-010507) can be used to decide the proper resource request based on the cell

load. When the admission fails, Queuing and Pre-Emption (WRFD-010505), DRD

Introduction Package (WRFD-020400) can be used to maximize the possibility of

access to the system.

Enhancement

In RAN5.0, AMR and Non-AMR threshold for power load admission is divided.

In RAN6.0, algorithm 3 for power load admission is added.

In RAN6.0, resource reserved for handover is supported to decrease the call failure

due to the admission failure during the handover.

Dependency

None

Benefits

This feature maximizes system capacity while ensuring QoS requirements, and

improves the stability of the network.



4.20 WRFD-020102 Load Measurement


Availability



Description

Algorithms such as OLC and CAC use load measurement values in the uplink and the

downlink. A common load measurement (LDM) algorithm is required to control load

measurement in the uplink and downlink, which makes the algorithm relatively

independent.

The LDM algorithm has the following functions:

Triggering LDR and OLC algorithms

The LDM algorithm needs to decide whether the system works in basic congestion or

overload congestion mode and to notify related algorithms for handling.

Delay susceptibilities of PUC, CAC, LDR, and OLC to common measurement

are different. When some or all the algorithms use the same common

measurement, the LDM must apply different smoothed filter coefficients in order

to get rippling and timely common measurement as required.

The major related measurement quantities are defined in 3GPP TS25.433 as below:

Uplink RTWP (Received Total Wideband Power)

Downlink TCP (Transmit Carrier Power)

Transmitted carrier power of all codes not used for HS-PDSCH or HS-SCCH

transmission

Provided bit rate (PBR) on HS-DSCH

Power requirement for GBR (Guaranteed Bit Rate) on HS-DSCH.

The measurements above focus on radio power load. For other resource load, the

related measurements include:

For Iub load: Iub used bandwidth rate on PVC level.

For code resource: The maximum rate can be supported with the minimum

available SF.

Enhancement

In RAN6.0, the load measurement of code resource is introduced, and therefore load

reshuffling can also be triggered by code congestion.

Dependency

None



Benefits

Load measurement is the base of the related load control features including

admission control, load reshuffling, overload control and potential user control

features. On the other hand, operators can also control these strategies by configure

load measurement parameters like measurement period, hysteresis, and so on.



4.21 WRFD-020106 Load Reshuffling


Availability


Description

When the usage of cell resource exceeds the congestion trigger threshold, the cell

enters the basic congestion state. In this case, LDR (Load Reshuffling) is needed to

reduce the cell load and increase the access success rate. When the load is lower

than the congestion release trigger threshold, the system returns to normal.

The resources that can trigger basic congestion of the cell include:

Power resource

Iub resource or Iub bandwidth

Code resource

NodeB credit resource

Equivalent user number

The Iub resource and credit resource congestion control in both uplink and downlink

is NodeB oriented. Load trigger threshold and load release threshold are set for the

uplink and downlink separately.

The function of the LDR is to reduce the load of a cell when the available resource of

the cell reaches the threshold. The introduction of the LDR is to increase the access

success rate in the following ways:

Inter-frequency load handover

Code reshuffling

BE service rate reduction

Uncontrolled real-time traffic QoS renegotiation

CS domain inter-RAT load handover

PS domain inter-RAT load handover

Downsizing the bit rate of AMR voice

MBMS power downgrading

Among the above, best effort service rate reduction and code reshuffling are the basic

features, and the others belong to the optional features.

Enhancement

In RAN5.0, optional feature Iu re-negotiation is introduced as one of the load

reshuffling strategies.

In RAN5.0, priority based load reshuffling is supported.



In RAN5.1, optional feature AMRC is introduced as one of the load reshuffling

strategies.

In RAN6.0, besides radio power resource and Iub resource, load reshuffling is

extended to other resource congestion including code resource, credit resource and

equivalent user number.

In RAN6.0, load reshuffling can also be applied to HSDPA, HSUPA and MBMS

services. In addition, gold user should not be affected during the load reshuffling.

In RAN6.0, code reshuffling and MBMS power downgrading are added as new

strategies of load reshuffling.

In RAN10.0, uplink load reshuffling triggered by power resource can be applied in a

HSUPA cell. In addition, a switch is provided to control whether gold user could be

selected during the load reshuffling.

Dependency

None

Benefits

This feature decreases the cell load when resource load enters the basic congestion

state, and therefore, improves the stability and capability of the network.



4.22 WRFD-020107 Overload Control


Availability


Description

The function of OLC is to reduce the cell load rapidly by restricting the transport

format (TF) of the BE service or releasing UEs when the cell is overloaded. The

purpose of OLC is to ensure the stability of the system and the QoS of most UEs.

Overload control is only aimed at radio power overload scenario.

Enhancement

In RAN5.0, priority based overload control is supported.

Dependency

None

Benefits

This feature decreases cell load when the cell resources enter the overload state

rapidly and ensures the system stability.



4.23 WRFD-020108 Code Resource Management


Availability


Description

Code resource management consists of code allocation and code re-allocation

features and it is only applied to the downlink code tree resource.

To optimize the code usage efficiency, “left most” algorithm is adopted in code

allocation procedure, that is, the code with minimum SF will be reserved to keep the

continuously codes left.

When the assigned AMR speech bit rate is less than 7.95 Kbit/s, the allocated SF will

be 256 instead of 128 so as to save the code resource, and therefore, the capacity is

increased.

Code reshuffling algorithm is also used as one of the load reshuffling strategies and is

used to decrease the code fragments. That is, when the RNC found the maximum

supported bit rate is less than the threshold configured from the view of code, the

code re-allocation action will be implemented to adjust the code use in the code tree

and reduce the code fragment as much as possible.

Enhancement

In RAN6.0, allocation of code with SF 256 when the assigned AMR speech bit rate is

less than 7.95Kbps is supported.

In RAN6.0, code re-allocation algorithm is introduced as one of the load reshuffling

strategies triggered by code congestion.

Dependency

None

Benefits

The code management algorithm can improve code usage efficiency, and optimize

the code allocation when too much code fragments founded.



4.24 WRFD-021101 Dynamic Channel Configuration Control (DCCC)


Availability


Description

Dynamic channel configuration control (DCCC) consists of rate re-allocation and UE

state transition function:

Rate Re-allocation

When UE is in the CELL_DCH RRC state, rate re-allocation can adjust the bandwidth

allocated for the best effort (BE) services (interactive and background services), in

both uplink and downlink respectively.

I. Traffic volume based

According to the traffic volume measurement report received from UE, rate re-

allocation can increase or decrease the uplink data rate to a proper value to match

the allocated resource to uplink.

According to the traffic volume measurement report received from the RNC itself, rate

re-allocation can increase or decrease the downlink data rate to a proper value to

match the allocated resource to downlink.

II. Coverage based

According to the downlink quality, including downlink transmit power and RLC status,

rate re-allocation can decrease the downlink data rate, to reduce the negative impact

by coverage.

According to the uplink quality, including UE Tx power, the RNC can adjust the UL

rate during the call by means of UL bit rate switching to adapt to UE power limitations.

III. Load based

Rate re-allocation can be triggered by load control. The load can be power load, code

resource and Iub transmission load. The congestion thresholds are independent and

configurable. This feature is a strategy of WRFD-020106 Load Reshuffling.

IV. Throughput based

According to the throughput, rate re-allocation can adjust the uplink/downlink data

rate during the call period, to use system resources in more efficient way.

UE State Transition



UE state transition is supported between the CELL_DCH, CELL_FACH and

CELL_PCH/URA_PCH state according to both uplink and downlink traffic volume

measurement. It can also be used to improve the efficiency of resource allocation

between dedicated and common channels.

DCCC is also applied to HSDPA/HSUPA (rate re-allocation is not applied to HSDPA

because the data scheduler locates in the NodeB). For details, please refer to

optional features WRFD-01061111 HSDPA State Transition and WRFD-01061208

HSUPA DCCC.

Enhancement

In RAN3.0, the Iub transmission load based DCCC is supported.

In RAN6.0, the code resource based DCCC is supported.

In RAN10.0, the UL bit rate downsizing due to the UE power limitation is supported

In RAN10.0, the UL/DL bit rate downsizing based on DCH throughput is supported

Dependency

None

Benefits

This feature can improve the efficiency of radio resource allocation and keep the

stability of radio link.



4.25 WRFD-021201 RNC Resource Sharing


Availability


Description

The RNC resource sharing provided by BSC6810 includes user plane resource

sharing and control plane resource sharing.

Control plane resource sharing is applied to CPU load and memory, etc. When the

CPU or memory of certain signaling process unit is overloaded, the new call can be

shared by other signaling process unit with lower load.

User plane resources are shared dynamically within the RNC system based on

resource pool and load sharing. If certain user plane process unit is overloaded, the

new traffic can be allocated to other user plane process unit with lower load.

Control plane capacity and user plane capacity can be configured independently.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

None

Benefits

The RNC resource sharing can improve the resource usage efficiency and increase

call success rate. It can also use the installed SW/HW capacity up to the maximum

contracted limit with the minimum service outage under variable traffic modes.



4.26 WRFD-020201 Intra NodeB Softer Handover


Availability



Description

Soft handover is a kind of handover procedures where the radio links are added and

abandoned in such a manner that the UE always keeps at least one radio link to the

UTRAN. Soft handover only occurs within the intra-frequency cells. Since adjacent

cells have the same frequency, UE can connect to the network through multiple radio

links to improve the communication quality. UE can perform smooth handover from

one cell to another without interrupting the communication with the original cell.

On the other side, soft handover may lead to the occupancy of Iub resource since

multi radio links exist.

The size of active set can be up to six and can be configured. The RNC can decide

SHO according to either Ec/N0 or RSCP. The parameters set for SHO can be

independent on CS and PS services. The parameter CIO can also be configured for

different cells for event evaluation.

The intra NodeB softer handover is a kind of soft handover. It sets up RLs in the

sectors within a NodeB and the data receipt on these RLs is combined in the NodeB

using maximum-ratio combination before forwarded to the RNC. Therefore, it will

occupy no more Iub transmission resource compared to the one before the handover.

The RNC can control whether the intra NodeB softer handover should be

implemented by setting the IE in NBAP message RL ADDITION REQUEST.

Neighboring cell combination is supported, which means the neighboring cells to be

measured are selected from all the neighboring cells of active set and the priority of

the neighboring cell is configurable. Neighboring cell combination is applied to

soft/softer handover, hard handover and inter-RAT handover.

Enhancement

In RAN5.1, the neighboring cell combination is supported.

Dependency

None.

Benefits

Soft handover provides seamless connection services for mobile users. Besides

these, the intra NodeB softer handover uses maximum-ratio combination on the



uplink in the NodeB to increase the gain of combination. It also saves Iub bandwidth

resources with no more transmission resource needed.



4.27 WRFD-020202 Intra RNC Soft Handover


Availability



Description

The intra RNC soft handover is a kind of soft handover. It sets up RLs in different

NodeBs or in the same NodeB within the RNC. The difference between the intra

NodeB softer handover and the intra RNC soft handover lies on where the

combination is performed. The intra RNC soft handover performs macro diversity

combination in the RNC, which means each RL will have its own transport bearer on

Iub interface.

Enhancement

In RAN5.1, neighboring cell combination is supported.

Dependency

None.

Benefits

The intra RNC soft handover provides seamless connection services for mobile users

within the RNC.



4.28 WRFD-020203 Inter RNC Soft Handover


Availability



Description

The inter RNC soft handover is a kind of soft handover. It sets up RLs in different

RNCs and the macro diversity combination is completed through Iur interface by the

SRNC. The uplink data is transmitted from the DRNC to the SRNC. The SRNC

combines data from its own cells and cells of the DRNC. This is the key difference

from other soft handovers.

Enhancement


Dependency

The neighbouring RNC should support Iur interface.

Benefits

The inter RNC soft handover provides seamless connection services for mobile

users. Compared with other kinds of soft handovers, it increases the range of soft

handover to the RNCs which have Iur connections with a certain RNC.



4.29 WRFD-020301 Intra Frequency Hard Handover


Availability



Description

Hard handover is characterized by the handover procedure in which the old

connection is released before a new connection is set up. Intra frequency hard

handover means hard handover between cells of the same frequency. It is used in

any of the following scenarios:

No Iur interface between RNCs

In this case, the soft handover between RNCs is unavailable, and the hard

handover with CN switching between the two RNCs occurs.

No enough Iur interface transmission resource available

In this case, the soft handover between RNCs is also unavailable, and the hard

handover with CN switching between the two RNCs occurs.

High-speed BE service

For the high-speed BE service, intra-frequency hard handover could be used to

save downlink capacity, compared with soft handover.

Intra-frequency soft handover fails while intra-frequency hard handover is

allowed

When intra-frequency soft handover fails due to the target cell congestion, intra-

frequency hard handover could be tried with lower service bits rate.

Enhancement


Dependency

None

Benefits

Intra frequency hard handover acts in the scenarios when intra frequency soft

handover can not be used.



4.30 WRFD-010801 Intra RNC Cell Update


Availability



Description

Cell update is mainly used to update the UE information on the network side when the

UE’s location or behavior is changed. The intra RNC cell update means cell update

within the RNC.

Cell update may be triggered by the following causes:

Periodical cell update

UE will send Cell Update message to RNC periodically when it is in CELL_FACH

or CELL_PCH state. This can be used by RNC to monitor the RRC connection.

Cell reselection

If a UE in CELL_FACH or CELL_PCH state reselects a new cell, it will initial the

procedure. When receiving the message CELL_UPDATE, RNC updates the UE

camping cell information.

Paging response

If a UE in URA_PCH or CELL_PCH state receives a PAGING TYPE 1 message,

it will initial the procedure. RNC then transmits the UE’s state to CELL_FACH or

CELL_DCH.

Uplink data transmission.

If a UE is in URA_PCH or CELL_PCH state and has data to transmit, it will initial

CELL UPDATE procedure to request for uplink data transmission. The RNC will

transmit its state to CELL_FACH subsequently.

Radio link failure

If a UE in CELL_DCH state detects that the criteria for radio link failure are met,

it will initial the procedure. RNC will delete the current radio link and re-establish

a new one.

Re-entering service area

If a UE moves out of the service area, and then re-enters the service area, it will

initial the procedure. Then RNC will update the camping cell of the UE.

RLC unrecoverable error



If a UE detects an RLC unrecoverable error in an AM RLC entity, it will initial the

procedure, the RNC will release the RRC connection of the UE or re-establish

the RB according to the attributes of the RB. If it belongs to signal RB, the RRC

connection will be released.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

None.

Benefits

Cell update enables UTRAN to manage a UE’s behavior and enables UE to update

its state when its service or location changes.



4.31 WRFD-010802 Inter RNC Cell Update


Availability



Description

Cell update is mainly used to update the UE information on the network side when the

UE’s location or behavior is changed. The inter RNC cell update means cell update

between RNCs.

The cause of the inter RNC cell update is the same with the intra RNC cell update.

The difference between them is that in the inter RNC cell update, the CELL UPDATE

message is firstly received by the DRNC and forwarded to the SRNC, the SRNC then

take some actions according to the cause in CELL UPDATE, for example, relocation.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

The neigbbour RNC should support Iur interface.

Benefits

Cell update enables UTRAN to manage a UE’s behavior and enables UE to update

its state when its service or location changes. The inter RNC cell update feature

increases the range of cell update through Iur interface.



4.32 WRFD-010901 Intra RNC URA Update


Availability



Description

User registration area (URA) update procedure updates the UTRAN registration area

of a UE when a RRC connection exists and the position of the UE is known on URA

level in the UTRAN. The intra RNC URA update means URA update within the RNC.

URA update may be triggered by the following two causes:

Periodical URA update

UE will send URA update message to the RNC periodically when it is in

URA_PCH state. This can be used to monitor the RRC connection.

URA reselection

If the UE in URA_PCH state enters a new URA, it will initial the procedure, and

the RNC updates the camping URA of the UE accordingly.

Enhancement

None

Dependency


Benefits

URA update enables UTRAN to monitor the RRC connection and manage the

behaviors of the UE in URA_PCH state.



4.33 WRFD-010902 Inter RNC URA Update


Availability



Description

URA update procedure updates the UTRAN registration area of a UE when a RRC

connection exists and the position of the UE is known on URA level in the UTRAN.

The inter RNC URA update means the URA update between RNCs. As the intra RNC

URA update, a UE in URA_PCH state also initiates the URA update procedure in two

cases, URA reselection and periodic URA update. The difference between the intra

RNC and the inter RNC URA updates is that in the inter RNC URA update, the URA

UPDATE message is firstly receipted by the DRNC and forwarded to the SRNC, the

SRNC then takes some actions according to the cause of the URA update, for

example, relocation.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

The neighbouring RNC should support Iur interface.

Benefits

The URA update enables UTRAN to monitor the RRC connection and manage the

behaviors of the UE in URA_PCH state. The inter RNC URA update increases the

range of URA Update through Iur interface.



4.34 WRFD-021400 Direct Signaling Connection Re-establishment (DSCR)


Availability



Description

When the UE moves to the cell controlled by the DRNC, the SRNS relocation

procedure (the UE involved or not involved) can be implemented to keep services

continuous. But when there is no Iur interface or the relocation is not supported or

relocation fails, UE connection will fail. In such scenario, direct signaling connection

re-establishment (DSCR) feature can be used to prevent the connection from

interrupted. That is, the DRNC will send a RRC connection release message with the

cause of direct signaling connection re-establishment when it is unable to contact the

SRNC to validate the UE.

The UE should perform a route area update (RAU) procedure immediately on

entering PMM-IDLE state when it has received a RRC connection release message

with the cause of directed signaling connection re-establishment even if the RA has

not changed since the last update.

Since DSCR is used to re-establish services by RAU procedure, this feature can only

be applied to PS services, and it is of no help to re-establish CS services.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

None.

Benefits

This feature is a necessary supplement to relocation and it can help to keep PS

services continuous when no Iur interface available or relocation procedure fails.



5 Transmission

5.1 WRFD-050101 Star Topology


Availability


Description

NodeBs can be connected in star topology.

It is applicable in most cases. Each NodeB is directly connected to the RNC by

E1/T1. The networking structure is simple. It is convenient to implement maintenance

and engineering. Signals are transferred directly between the NodeBs and the RNC,

so the link is quite reliable. This networking topology can be applied in densely

populated areas. It is easy to expand the capacity, but a large amount of transport

lines are required.

NodeB

RNC

NodeB

NodeB

Enhancement

None

Dependency

The feature is implemented in the NodeB and the RNC.

Benefits

In this mode, each NodeB directly connects to the RNC. Therefore, the star

networking features simplicity, convenience in maintenance and engineering and

easy capacity expansion.

In this mode, signals travel through fewer nodes. Therefore, the transmission is more

reliable.



5.2 WRFD-050102 Chain Topology


Availability


Description

NodeBs can be connected in chain topology.

The line reliability is poor because signals are transferred across many intermediate

systems. This networking topology is applicable to the strip-shape areas of sparse

population, such as expressway and railway. In these areas, the chain topology can

meet the requirements with much less transmission equipment. The cascading

connection is limited to five levels.

NodeBRNC NodeBNodeB

Enhancement

None

Dependency


Benefits

Chain networking can reduce costs of transmission equipment, engineering,

construction and transmission link lease.



5.3 WRFD-050103 Tree Topology


Availability


Description

NodeBs can be connected in tree topology.

In most scenarios, the MW (Micro Wave) network is a typically tree topology. It is

suitable for the MW network. In order to increase the efficiency, the hub NodeB

based on the tree topology is available from RAN5.1.

The consumption of transport lines is less than that of the star networking. But at the

same time, the connection is not so reliable because signals are transferred across

many Intermediate systems. It is difficult to implement maintenance and engineering.

A fault occurred in the upper-level NodeB may affect the operation of the lower-level

NodeBs. This networking topology is applicable to a large area of sparse population.

Capacity expansion may result in reconstruction of the network.

Note:

The clock of the NodeB is obtained by phase lock of the upper-level network. A phase

lock can degrade the quality of the clock. Therefore, the cascading level must be

limited to no more than five.

NodeB

RNC

NodeB

NodeB

NodeB

Enhancement

None

Dependency


Benefits



It is suitable for microwave transmission network. The hub NodeB is based on the

tree topology. The tree networking requires fewer transmission links than star

networking.



5.4 WRFD-050201 NodeB Clock


Availability


Description

In compliance with 3GPP, the NodeB clock must have a higher clock precision. The

frequency stability of the 10 MHz master clock of the NodeB is lower than ±0.05 ppm.

The NodeB can work in multiple clock synchronization modes to suit different clock

topologies:

Synchronization with the Iub clock (default mode)

The clock source of the NodeB can be synchronized with the line clock sources

of its upper-level NE such as the RNC. The NodeB selects the reference clock

source from one line for the NMPT, a main control and timing unit.

Synchronization with GPS

The GPS card is optional unless the NodeB uses a GPS clock as its clock

source.

The clock signals are processed and synchronized as follows:

The GPS antenna and feeder system receives GPS signals at 1575.42 MHz,

and then transmits the signals to the GPS card. The system can trace up to eight

(normally three or four) satellites simultaneously. The GPS card processes the

signals and transmits them to the main clock module.

Synchronization with the BITS

The NodeB can synchronize its clocks with the 2 MHz clock signals from an

external reference clock. The reference clock can be a BITS or a 2 MHz clock

from the transmission equipment.

Through phase locking and frequency dividing, the main clock module converts

the clock signals into various clock signals required by the NodeB, for example,

F_CLK, CLK_4X, and BFN.

In addition to the three synchronization modes above, the NodeB internal clock

can work in free-run mode to keep the NodeB running.

The enhanced stratum 3 OCXO with a high precision works as the master clock

of the NodeB. The OCXO can keep the NodeB in normal service for up to 90

days.

Enhancement



None

Dependency

None

Benefits

The NodeB internal clock can be synchronized to the transport network and no

auxiliary clock equipment is needed to reduce the cost. The synchronized clock has

the required accuracy to meet both radio frequency and transmission network

requirements.



5.5 WRFD-050202 RNC Clock


Availability


Description

RAN clocks must provide reliable clock sources for the NEs in the RAN system to

meet the specifications for the clock accuracy stated in protocols.

When unexpected events occur to the clock sources, the RNC and the NodeB must

report related alarms and start the standby scheme to ensure that the system is not

affected.

The RNC clock sources that can be selected are as follows:

Building integrated timing supply system (BITS)

Line clock extracted from the Iu interface

Global positioning system (GPS)

External 8 kHz clock provided by an external device

In addition to the four clock sources above, the RNC can also work with the local

oscillator.

The clock sources selected can be configured as needed and when one clock fails, it

will switch to the other one available.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

None

Benefits

This feature provides operators with multi clock sources.



5.6 WRFD-050301 ATM Transmission Introduction Package


Availability



Description

Huawei RAN supports ATM transport optional feature defined in 3GPP. ATM

transmission feature includes following sub-features:

ATM over E1/T1 on Iub interface

ATM over channelized STM-1/OC-3 on Iub interface

ATM over non-channelized STM-1/OC-3c on Iub/Iu/Iur interface

IMA for E1T1 or channelized STM-1/OC-3 on Iub interface

Dynamic AAL2 connections on Iub/IuCS/Iur interface

Permanent AAL5 connections for control plane traffic

Call admission based on AAL2 path BW

CBR, rt-VBR, nrt-VBR, UBR ATM QoS classes

Enhancement

For the enhancement, please refer to the enhancement of sub-features in ATM

Transmission Introduction Package

Dependency

None



5.6.1 WRFD-05030101 ATM over E1T1 on Iub Interface


Availability


Description

Huawei RAN supports ATM over E1/T1 electrical interface.

The RNC ATM over E1/T1 interface board supports:

32 ports (E1/T1) per board

UNI, IMA, Fractional ATM and Fractional IMA

32 IMA group per board

One IMA group supports up to 32 E1/T1 ports

The Node B (BTS3812E/AE, DBS3800) ATM over E1/T1 interface board (NUTI,

HBBU) supports:


UNI, IMA, Fractional ATM



The Node B (Uni BTS, BBU3900) ATM over E1/T1 interface board (WMPT) supports:





The Node B (Uni BTS, BBU3900) ATM over E1/T1 interface board (UTRP) supports:





Enhancement

In RAN2.0, NDTI board is introduced.

In RAN5.0, HBBU board is introduced.

In RAN5.1, NUTI board is introduced.

In RAN10.0, WMPT and UTRP（E1 interface） are introduced in Uni BTS.

Dependency

None

Benefits



This feature enables the use of microwave network or PDH legacy network for Iub

transmission.



5.6.2 WRFD-05030102 ATM over Channelized STM-1/OC-3 on Iub Interface


Availability


Description

Huawei RAN supports ATM over channelized STM-1 optical interface on Iub interface.

BSC6800 ATM over channelized STM-1 interface board supports:

1 x 155 Mbps port per board.

63 x VC12 2 Mbps flows per port.

63 UNI link, or 42 IMA group per port.

At most 32 VC12 flows per IMA group.

MSP 1:1 redundancy.

BSC6810 ATM over channelized STM-1/OC-3 interface board supports:

2 x 155 Mbps port per board

63 x VC12 2 Mbps or 84 x VC11 1.5 Mbps flows per port, configurable at

initiation

63 x 2 Mbps UNI links, or 84 x 1.5 Mbps UNI links, or 42 IMA group per port

At most 32 VC12/VC11 flows per IMA group

MSP 1:1 redundancy

The Node B (BTS3812E/AE, DBS3800) channelized STM-1 interface board (NUTI,

HBBU) supports:


63 x VC12 2 Mbps flows per port.

Enhancement

In RAN6.0, the Node B (BTS3812E/AE, DBS3800) channelized STM-1/OC-3

daughterboard is introduced.

Dependency

None

Benefits

This feature enables the use of SDH network for Iub transmission.



5.6.3 WRFD-05030103 ATM over Non-channelized STM-1/OC-3c on Iub/Iu/Iur Interface


Availability


Description

Huawei RAN supports ATM over non-channelized STM-1/OC-3c optical interface on

Iub/Iu/Iur ATM transmission.

BSC6800 ATM over non-channelized STM-1/OC-3c interface board supports:


ATM full rate, VC4 150 Mbps per port.

MSP 1+1 redundancy.

BSC6810 ATM over non-channelized STM-1/OC-3 interface board supports:


MSP 1+1 and MSP 1:1 redundancy.

Up to 2000 VCs per board shared by each port.

Full VPI/VCI address space (VPI: 0 – 255, VCI: 32 - 65535).

The Node B (BTS3812E/AE, DBS3800) non-channelized STM-1/OC-3 interface

board (NUTI, HBBU) supports:



The Node B (Uni BTS, BBU3900) on-channelized STM-1/OC-3 interface board

(UTRP) supports:



Enhancement

In RAN5.1, the Node B (BTS3812E/AE, DBS3800) non-channelized STM-1/OC-3

daughterboard is introduced.

Dependency

None

Benefits



This feature enables the use of SDH network or ATM network for Iub/Iu/Iur

transmission.



5.6.4 WRFD-05030104 Dynamic AAL2 Connections on Iub/IuCS/Iur Interface


Availability


Description

Iub, Iur and IuCS interfaces are all specified with user plane traffic over AAL2

connections. The transport network control plane is used to set up dynamic AAL2

connections for Iub, Iur and IuCS interface using ITU Q.2630.1/Q.2630.2 signaling.

From RAN2.0, the AAL2 CAC can be configured to separate traffic into different types

AAL2 path according to traffic classes. The AAL2 connections for RT (Real Time)

service can be established on CBR/RT-VBR VCC, then, the AAL2 connections for

NRT (Non-Real Time) service can be established on NRT-VBR VCC.

From RAN3.0, AAL2 path specified for HSDPA service is introduced. AAL2 path for

HSDPA can use UBR VCC. From RAN6.0, AAL2 path specified for HSDPA/HSUPA

service is introduced.

Secondary AAL2 path for each traffic class is available from RAN6.0, which provides

resiliency mechanism for Iub hybrid transmission.

Enhancement

In RAN3.0, Q.2630.2 is introduced. It supports AAL2 modification procedure and QoS

optimization for AAL type 2 connections over Iub and Iur.

In RAN3.0, AAL2 path specified for HSDPA service is introduced.

In RAN6.0, AAL2 path specified for HSDPA/HSUPA service is introduced.

In RAN6.0, secondary AAL2 path for each traffic class is introduced, which provides

resiliency mechanism for Iub hybrid transmission.

Dependency

None

Benefits

Huawei implementation of AAL2 enables:

Separating traffic into different type AAL2 path according to traffic classes

(Conversational, Streaming, Interactive and Background).

Separating traffic into different type AAL2 path according to R99, HSDPA and

HSUPA traffic.

Efficient Iub transmission link usage when integrating delay sensitive traffic with

non-delay sensitive traffic.



Dynamic allocation of physical link bandwidth between delay sensitive traffic and

non-delay sensitive traffic.



5.6.5 WRFD-05030105 Permanent AAL5 Connections for Control Plane Traffic


Availability


Description

In ATM RAN, AAL5 connections are used to bear Iub/Iur/ Iu signaling and Iub OAM

traffic. 3GPP specified UNI-SAAL is used for Iub control plane connections, and NNI-

SAAL is used for Iur and Iu control plane connections. In Huawei RAN, AAL5

connections for Iub, Iur and Iu interfaces are all set up by configuration.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

None

Benefits

Permanent AAL5 connections for control plane traffic are part of 3GPP Iub, Iur and Iu

specifications.



5.6.6 WRFD-05030106 Call Admission Based on Used AAL2 Path Bandwidth


Availability


Description

The purpose of AAL2 CAC (Call Admission Control) is to maintain the quality of

service and at the same time maximize the transmission resource utilization. This is

achieved by selectively admitting or rejecting request for resources.

AAL2 CAC request occurs at the establishment or modification of AAL2 connection on

Iub, Iur and Iu-CS interfaces.

For CS services, PCR * service factor will be used to admit,

For PS services, GBR * service factor will be used to admit, since no GBR will be

assigned for best effort services, such parameters can be configured by operators.

For HSDPA/HSUPA, GBR * service factor will be used to admit, since no GBR will be

assigned for best effort services, such parameters can be configured by operators.

All the service factors mentioned above can be configured according to the service

classes.

For the handover in users, all the transmission resources will be used to admit to

minimize the possibility of the failure of an existing call.

For the new access user, (100% - handover admission threshold) transmission

resources will be used.

For the bit rate upgrade users, the transmission resources under congestion

threshold will be used.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

None

Benefits

This feature helps to

Avoid transmission congestion.

Improve the transmission resource usage.

Increase the accessibility.



5.6.7 WRFD-05030107 CBR, rt-VBR, nrt-VBR, UBR ATM QoS Classes


Availability


Description

Huawei RAN supports four ATM service classes (CBR, rt-VBR, nrt-VBR and UBR)

specified in TM4.1 (ATM forum specification Traffic Management 4.1). The VCC

supports shaping for existing traffic according to the parameters (SCR, PCR and

CDVT) of each ATM service class.

The four ATM service classes are used to differentiation service on ATM layer. Two

ATM service classes are configured for R99 traffic and two are configured for HSxPA.

In general, DS (Delay Sensitive) traffic uses rt-VBR, NDS (None Delay Sensitive)

traffic uses nrt-VBR, and NDS traffic mapping on HSxPA uses UBR or nrt-VBR.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

None

Benefits

The feature supports:

Full inter-operation between RAN and ATM equipment

VC traffic shaping

ATM traffic differentiation



5.6.8 WRFD-05030110 F5


Availability


Description

Huawei RNC supports ATM OAM F5 end-to-end flows specified in ITU I.610. Fault

management (AIS: Alarm Indication Signal, RDI: Remote Defect Indication, CC:

Continuity Check and Loopback), performance management (forward monitoring and

backward reporting) and activation/deactivation are supported. The CC can be

activated to monitor AAL2 path VCC and Iu-PS user plane VCC end-to-end. When

one VCC for AAL2 path or Iu-PS GTPU is LOC (Loss of continuity), AIS or RDI, this

VCC will be blocked. Then the service will be established on other alternative VCCs

to prevent the failure of the call.

BSC6810 only supports the fault management feature.

Enhancement

In RAN5.1, ATM OAM F5 flows on IuPS user plane VCC is supported by BSC6800.

In RAN10.0, this feature is introduced in BSC6810.

Dependency

None

Benefits


ATM VCC End-to-End continuity check.

Supervision of the AAL2 path, and block of the fault AAL2 path.

Supervision of the IuPS GTPU path, and block of the fault GTPU path.



5.7 WRFD-050304 IMA for E1T1 or Channelized STM-1/OC-3 on Iub Interface


Availability


Description

The inverse multiplex on ATM (IMA) mode is an ATM transport mode in the TC sub-

layer of the ATM physical layer.

In IMA mode, an ATM cell stream is distributed to several narrowband transport links.

At the peer end, the data streams from these narrowband transport links are

converged into the original ATM cell stream. IMA flexibly combines several

narrowband transport links to transport high-speed ATM cell streams, which is

referred as inverse multiplex on ATM. By this way the existing narrowband transport

links, especially 2 Mbit/s links, can serve broadband ATM transmission. IMA also

enhances transmission reliability.

There are several IMA links in one IMA group. If one link is broken, the service can be

borne by other links, and only the bandwidth shrinks. It provides more redundancy for

the transmission.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

None

Benefits




Peak rates higher than the individual physical link rates, 1.5 Mbit/s for T1 or 2

Mbit/s for E1.

Simplification of the ATM OM procedures, like monitoring one single ATM link

instead of several separate links.

Higher trunk level and statistical multiplexing gain.



5.8 WRFD-050305 UBR+ ATM QoS Class


Availability


Description

Huawei RAN supports UBR+ ATM service class. UBR+ is an enhancement of UBR

with MCR (Minimum Desired Cell Rate) indication. UBR+ is the best choice for Iub

OAM channel. The MCR of UBR+ ensures the connectivity of OAM connection in the

case of Iub transmission resource congestion, while the best effort service of UBR+

fully uses the transmission bandwidth.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

None

Benefits

UBR+ ensures the connectivity of OAM connection and full use of the transmission

bandwidth.



6 System Reliability

6.1 WRFD-040100 Flow Control


Availability


Description

Flow control in the radio network controller (RNC) is a set of mechanisms that the

RNC uses to prevent the network from being overloaded by regulating the input rate

transmissions.

The system determines specific flow control measures in compliance with the load on

the following two resources:

CPU occupancy

The CPU is the core resource of the processing capability of the system. High

CPU occupancy means the current risk of insufficient processing capability. In

this situation, the flow control on corresponding functions should be triggered to

ensure basic functions of the system. After the CPU occupancy is lower than the

proper threshold, the previously-triggered functions are enabled.

Message block occupancy

The message block is the core resource for internal communication between the

RNC. High message block occupancy means the risk of current inefficient

processing capability in the system. In this situation, the flow control on

corresponding functions should be triggered to ensure basic functions of the

system. After the message block occupancy is lower than a proper threshold, the

previously-triggered functions are enabled.

The flow control item corresponds to a function in the system such as printing

information, debug information, or system log and service related RRC

connection setup request, paging message. The system enables, disables, or

partially disables the functions in compliance with the current resource load such

as the CPU occupancy and the message block occupancy to ensure system

stability and robustness.

If a flow control item is controlled, the corresponding function is disabled or

partially disabled.

If a flow control item is restored, the corresponding function is enabled again



Enhancement

None

Dependency

None

Benefits

The feature ensures the stability and robustness of the RNC, and also ensures that

services with high priorities work properly upon high traffic.



6.2 WRFD-040201 System Redundancy


Availability


Description

Methods for reliability design are used widely, including on the active/standby boards,

in load-sharing and redundant configuration.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

None

Benefits

This feature can improve the system stability and ensure the network performance as

a result.



6.3 WRFD-040301 Operate System Security Management


Availability

This feature is available from RAN10.0; it is only applicable for BSC6810.

Description

The Operate System (OS) Security Management provides customized security policy

and security patches management for operate system in OAM board.

Customized Security for Operating System:

It enhances the operate system to avoid security threats and vulnerabilities by

implementing customized security policy. It can be used to Windows NT4.0 Server,

Windows 2000 Server, Windows XP and Windows 2003 Server.

It can set a series of security policies and then execute them to protect the operation

system. The main functions include executing security policies, restoring the system

state, backup current state of a policy, saving policy settings, exporting policy

settings, importing policy settings, and so on.

The patches management for Operation System:

According to the type of OS, compatibility test of patches will be done timely to ensure

the validity. The list of corresponding OS patches will be provided biannual at least.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

None

Benefits

This feature enhances the reliability of the system, avoids security threats and

vulnerabilities to the OS.



7 RAN Operation & Maintenance

7.1 WRFD-030100 Performance Management


Availability


Description

Performance management provides the overview of the network operation

performance. Performance measurement gives the detailed information of the

network and makes it possible to perform trouble-shooting and network optimization.

1. PM administration

The performance management administration provides operators with a means to

manage the available measurements.

For the new commissioning network elements (RNC, NodeB), pre-defined

performance statistics will start after initial start-up phase or restart completely. The

performance statistics can also be suspended and resumed manually.

The network elements (RNC, NodeB) provide machine-machine interfaces, allowing

the OMC M2000 to collect the necessary statistic data and to set the related

parameters including statistic counters and period.

The statistic data is obtained by the OMC M2000 in binary format files in every

statistic period. The result files are also stored in the network element for up to 24

hours (NodeB) or 10 days (RNC) as backups in case the data transfer fails, which

makes it possible for the OMC M2000 to re-collect the lost data later.

2. PM counters

The performance measurement counters include key counters and other counters.

The key counters are used to generate the key performance indicators (KPIs) of the

network which are defined on the OMC M2000, and these counters are pre-defined

and initialized as soon as the RNC or NodeB starts. The KPIs, related original

counters and formula can be added, modified and deleted on the OMC M2000. Other

counters reflecting the other performances of the network can also start when

needed.

The following counter areas are supported:

Cell measurement

Neighboring cell measurement



Inter-RAT neighboring cell measurement

RNC overall measurement

ATM transport measurement

IP transport measurement

Standard interface measurement

Network element hardware measurement

3. PM real-time performance monitoring

This feature provides the monitoring of the real-time and graphic performance of the

network. Therefore, it is more convenient for troubleshooting, road test or network

optimization ,and so on.

The monitoring tasks are managed by the network element (RNC, NodeB) local

management terminal (LMT). The data monitored will be shown with curve while

stored in a file automatically for later review.

The following monitoring items are supported:

Equipment performance monitoring: CPU occupancy rate, clock source quality,

and so on.

Connection performance monitoring: SIR measurement, UE TX power, and so

on.

Cell performance monitoring: PCPICH TX power, the number of cell users, and

so on.

Link performance monitoring: IMA group, UNI link, and so on.

Service performance monitoring: RF performance, UL channel scanning, and

service resource occupancy rate.

Enhancement

In RAN5.1, HSDPA related performance counters and monitoring items are

supported.

In RAN6.0, HSUPA related performance counters and monitoring items are

supported.

In RAN10.0, IP PATH real-time performance monitoring is supported.

Dependency

Performance management is implemented by Huawei OMC M2000 except the real-

time monitoring which is managed by the RNC LMT.

Benefits

The performance management provides an efficient way to monitor the network

performance so that network troubleshooting and optimization can be implemented,

And the real-time performance monitoring is a more efficient feature.



7.2 WRFD-030200 Fault Management


Availability


Description

Fault management includes system self-test, fault test, fault supervision and the

handling of UTRAN. With these features, operators can be informed as soon as the

fault occurs in the network and take proper actions to prevent the interruption.

System hardware self-test is initiated in the RNC or NodeB startup phase and health

check of the system can also be activated manually at any time when it enters the

working state.

I. Fault testing

Fault testing includes physical layer testing, link layer testing, and other fault testing.

Fault testing can be activated manually and the operators can browse and save fault

testing results.

II. Alarm management

The operators can browse real-time alarm information, query history alarm

information, and store alarm information. The online help can provide detailed

troubleshooting methods for each alarm.

The RNC can store the history alarm information generated in the past 90 days and at

most 100,000 alarms.

III. Alarm correlation handling

Fault management supports a run-time alarm correlation handling mechanism and

makes it possible to keep the most important alarms instead of all the related ones

when a fault occurs. The number of alarm can be greatly reduced in this way, which

makes it easier to locate and fix the network problems. This mechanism is pre-

defined and built in the network elements (RNC, NodeB) and operators can

customize more alarm correlation handling rules on the OMC M2000.

Operators can filter the alarms of a special object. If a filter is set for an object, the

system will not report the alarms of this object to the alarm management system.

Enhancement

In RAN5.1, HSDPA related alarms are supported.

In RAN6.0, HSUPA related alarms are supported.

In RAN6.0, E1/T1 BER testing is supported.



In RAN10.0, IP PATH fault diagnosis is supported.

In RAN10.0, MSC pool status reporting is supported.

Dependency

Fault management can be implemented with Huawei OMC M2000 or the RNC/NodeB

LMT.

Benefits

The feature enables the automatic supervision of the equipments in the network

elements. With active alarm lists and alarm logs, operators can have a

comprehensive view of the actual state of the network at any time. Operators can also

manually initiate the board testing, which allows the operators to quickly verify the

faulty boards.



7.3 WRFD-030300 Inventory management


Availability


Description

The inventory management helps operators to manage the assets and the

configuration information of the network. With this function, the assets and the

configuration data can be queried and managed on the OMC M2000.

The objects which are managed by this function include physical objects (rack, frame,

slot, board, ports, links, fan etc.) and the logic objects (cell, software, patch, etc.).

When requested from the OMC M2000, an asset and configuration information files

with XML format generate and are sent to the OMC M2000. The OMC M2000

applications store the uploaded information in the network inventory database.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

The inventory information can only be viewed in Huawei OMC M2000.

Benefits

With this function, operators can get the timely and accurate decision-making data for

the existing network.



7.4 WRFD-030400 Configuration Management


Availability


Description

Configuration management provides operators with a means to collect and manage

the network elements (RNC, NodeB) data. It can also control the links between the

NEs. The graphical user interface makes it easy to implement the management.

The configuration of the network elements can be divided into five levels:

1. Initial configuration

The initial configuration of the specific RNC and the NodeB

2. Site basic configuration

Configuration of the OM communication between the RNC, NodeB and the OMC

M2000

3. Site external handware configuration at the NodeB

Configuration of TMA data and antennas

4. Site-specific configuration at the RNC and NodeB

Configuration of Iu, Iub, and Iur interfaces, and the transport networks

5. Cell network configuration at the RNC

Configuration of cells, channels and neighboring cells data

Level 1-3 are done either with the configuration tool through the graphical user

interfaces or with the LMT through executing pre-made configuration files. Levels 4-5

are easily done by OMC M2000, and can also be done by using the configuration

tool.

Online and offline data configuration and status query

Offline data configuration makes configuration data stored only on the BAM

server. The configuration data will not be sent to the host until the operator loads

it to the host. Therefore, this mode can enhance the efficiency of configuring a

large quantity of data. The RNC supports offline configuration based on host

subracks. Therefore, it allows capacity expansion without interrupting the

services.

Offline configuration supports direct modification of the interface board type and

the board active/standby mode, in the scenarios of replacing ATM interface

boards with IP interface boards or the reverse replacement.



Online data configuration makes data to be sent to the host immediately after the

configuration. There is no need to reset the system and reload the data.

X.731 defines the status of objects. Operators can query the object status (such

as the board or cell status) and obtain the time of last status change.

Configuration authority control

Under the configuration authority control, data can be configured only on the

RNC/NodeB LMT or the OMC M2000 client at any time. Moreover, only one

operator has the configuration authority at any time. This function enhances the

reliability of the system.

Configuration rollback at the RNC

When the equipment or network malfunctions due to improper data modification,

operators can perform the rollback operation to restore the system in a short

time.

RNC data backup

The two BAM servers work in the active/standby mode. The system

synchronizes the data on the standby BAM server with that on the active BAM

server.

The RNC supports automatic backup and manual backup. It provides a data

backup and restoration tool.

Network parameter setting

The radio network parameters include two types, the RNC-oriented and cell-

oriented parameters, adapting to different radio environments. The RNC can

check the integrity and consistency of configuration data, such as the data of a

cell.

Missing neighboring cells detection

Based on the measurement information from UE, the missing configured

neighboring cells can be detected and reported. This can help operators

optimize the configuration of the neighboring cells, and therefore, improve the

network planning efficiency.

Enhancement

In RAN5.1, direct modification of the interface board type and board active/standby

mode in offline way is supported.

In RAN5.1, query of the last status change time is supported.

In RAN10.0, the NodeB state notification to the OMC M2000 is supported.

Dependency



Configuration management can be implemented with Huawei OMC M2000 or the

RNC/NodeB LMT.

Benefits

The feature provides good overview of the current status of the network, and supports

fast installation, expansion and configuration of the network



7.5 WRFD-030501 Security Management


Availability


Description

The security management includes the following functions to enhance system

security level:

User management: this mechanism allows the setting of the user account and

authority, and the related authorized command group and operation can also be

managed.

System data backup and restoration

Applying Windows OS security policy to limit the BAM server IP connectivity

ports to decrease potential risk to the system.

Supporting the installation of popular anti-virus software including Norton,

Macfee and Officescan.

Supporting the collecting function of the database operation log and auditing

security log.

Supporting the triggering of alarms in case of detection of network attack or

unauthorized access exceeding the configured threshold, and so on.

FTP over the SSL (Security Socket Layer).

Supporting SSL for data communication between RAN and the OMC. Therefore,

all the remote maintenance communication will be encrypted.

Enhancement

In RAN6.0, FTP over the SSL is supported.

In RAN10.0, the SSL for data communication between RAN and the OMC is

supported.

Dependency

None

Benefits

This feature provides the user authorization and management mechanism to enhance

the network security management.



7.6 WRFD-030601 Interface Tracing


Availability


Description

This feature can be used to trace the interface message online or offline, and manage

the equipment daily.

The operators can verify the configuration data and fix the exceptions by tracing and

interpreting the messages of Iu, Iub, Iur, and Uu. After the configuration data is set,

the operators can confirm whether the signal links are correct by tracing and

interpreting the messages of Iu, Iub, Iur, and Uu. If there are exceptions, the

operators can also fix the exceptions.

So tracing and interpreting the messages of Iu, Iub, Iur, and Uu can take the place of

the signal analyzer. It can be used to analyze the compatibility with the IOT between

the RNC and other network elements.

Based on this feature, the operators also can optimize the network.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

None

Benefits

This integrated interface tracing feature can provide operators with a convenient way

to monitor the signaling procedure on the radio and transport interface, and help the

network optimization and problem solving.



7.7 WRFD-030602 Call Tracing


Availability


Description

This feature supports specific UE signaling tracing. This can be used to trace a

specific UE to confirm the network status. Based on it, the operators can optimize the

network.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

None

Benefits

This integrated user tracing feature can provide the operators with a easy way to

monitor the specific UEs signals on the radio and transport interfaces, and help

network optimization and problem solving.



7.8 WRFD-030701 RNC Software Management


Availability


Description

The RNC supports the software management feature. This feature could help the

operators manage the software on the RNC remotely and easily. Through the MML

commands, the operators could perform the following: with the software

management:

Querying the version and other running status information of the software.

Uploading, downloading and activating the software, such as program files,

patch files and the license files. And also the backup of the data files and log files

to the FTP server.

All types of files transmission, and also the wildcard used.

Remote patch upgrade for the RNC BAM server.

File transfer between the OMC M2000 and NodeB as a transfer medium.

The RNC also supports the other standard FTP software.

Besides, the operators could control the products software (including programs,

patches, licenses, data, logs, and so on) from the OMC. The OMC also supports

matching and distinguishing the products software versions. The software

management could improve the efficiency on the products upgrade, data download,

and so on.

Enhancement

In RAN5.1, the remote patch upgrade for the RNC BAM server is supported.

In RAN6.1, the dual active/backup memory management is introduced in BSC6810

which allows the different software exists at the same time, but only one software

version is activated. With this enhancement, software upgrade becomes more

convenient and simple, and moreover, the roll back procedure can be also improved.

In RAN10.0, the uniform patch method of BAM and FAM is supported.

Dependency

None

Benefits


Efficient and correct installation and upgrade of software packages

Pre-check of node to verify a successful software installation and upgrade on it.



Automatic data conversion on the software upgrade.



7.9 WRFD-030702 NodeB Software Management


Availability


Description

The NodeB supports the software management feature. This feature could help the

operators manage the software on the NodeB remotely and easily. Through the MML

commands, the operators could perform the following: with the software

management:

Querying the version and other running status information of the software.

Uploading, downloading and activating the software, such as program files,

patch files and the license files. And also the backup of the data files and log files

to the FTP server.

The following is the enhancement features of the software management:

UBR/UBR+ is supported on the OM IPoA channel: If the traffic is busy, the IPoA

channel is fixed at 64 kbit/s. And when the traffic is idle, the IPoA channel

bandwidth will be automatically increased to ensure the high efficiency software

download.

Software downloading according to configuration can reduce 30% of the

software package and shorten the downloading time. For adding a board, the

system supports only the software downloading for the board to improve the

efficiency of the software download.

If the network recovers in 24 hours after the network breakdown, the system

supports resuming the software downloading to avoid the repetition of the

software downloading.

A maximum of 500 NodeBs can be selected to download and activate the

software in batches automatically. The default value is 50 NodeBs in one batch.

Hot patch without resetting the NodeB is made with the aim of minimizing

negative traffic impact.

Enhancement

In RAN5.1, the following NodeB enhancement features are introduced.

UBR supported on the OM IPoA channel

Downloading software according to the configuration

Resuming the software download

Downloading and activating the software in batches

Online hot patch

Dependency



None

Benefits

The NodeB software management enables the efficient and correct software

installation, upgrade, and version management.



7.10 WRFD-030703 NodeB Software USB Download


Availability


Description

3900 series NodeB provides one USB port to download and activate the host

software. After the NodeB hardware installation, insert the USB disk and the NodeB

system can download and activate the host software automatically.

This feature enables upgrade software locally through the USB instead of through a

PC. With the USB, software upgrade is independent of IUB transmission ready, which

saving time for upgrade. So it benefits fast deployment and low deployment cost.

When system is running after software activated，hardware fault can be detected

according the indicator on BBU. So the fault can be removed in the earliest time and

avoid the staff second access. More convenient remote software commissioning for

NodeB can be supported.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

This feature depends on 3900 series NodeB.

Benefits

Software upgrade is independent of IUB transmission ready, fast deployment.

Avoid the staff second access. More convenient remote software commissioning for

NodeB can be supported.



7.11 WRFD-031100 BOOTP


Availability


Description

Generally, the NodeB only has the host software rather than the data configuration file

after the hardware installation. The feature enables NodeB automatically setup OM

channel without data configured in the system. The maintenance staff can download

the data and software to the NodeB through the OMCH at the far end. The feature

decreases the operation and maintenance costs and enhances the network

maintainability and maintenance quality.

NodeB will automatically setup the O&M channel using the BOOTP protocol. Also,

NodeB will supervisor the O&M channel .when the O&M channel is broken, NodeB

can rebuild it.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

None

Benefits

The feature enables the automatic setup of the default maintenance channel from the

far end. And it enables maintenance personnel to load the data and software to the

NodeB, enhancing the maintainability of the network.



7.12 WRFD-031101 DHCP

Feature Number: WNFD-031101

Availability


Description

In IP mode, the IP maintenance channel is automatically set up through the DHCP.

The dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP), based on the BOOTP, and

dynamically provides configuration parameters for the internet terminals. The

difference between the BOOTP and the DHCP is that the latter supports automatic

allocation of network addresses. The DHCP works in client/server mode. At the

receipt of the request from a client, the server provides parameters such as IP

addresses, gateway addresses, DNS server addresses for the client. The DHCP

simplifies the IP address management and enables centralization of the IP address

management. The DHCP is implemented in compliance with RFC2131 and

RFC2132.

During the DHCP procedure, the RNC works as the server and the NodeBs work as

clients. Through the DHCP procedure, the NodeBs can automatically obtain the IP

addresses for maintenance, set up the OM channels, and perform the remote

maintenance on the RNC LMT.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

None

Benefits

The feature enables the automatic setup of the default maintenance channel from the

far end. And it enables the maintenance personnel to load the data and software to

the NodeB, enhancing the maintainability of the network.



7.13 WRFD-030800 License Management


Availability


Description

License control is used to control the amount of capacity and what optional features

can be used in the network.

The RNC and the NodeB have their own license files. The license files can be

downloaded remotely to the node. The operators can manage and query the license

contents by the LMT or the OMC M2000 client.

M2000

M2000

M2000

NodeB

RNC

RNS-1

M2000

M2000

NodeB

RNC

RNS-2

Characteristics of the NodeB license management are as follows:

For all the NodeB under one RNS, it has one license file. One RNS corresponds

to one license file. Each license file records the total number of licenses used by

all the NodeBs under one RNS.

Licenses are distributed on the OMC M2000 and are controlled on the NodeBs.

The distribution results are sent to the NodeB from the OMC M2000.



Licenses can be allocated between NodeBs, but they cannot be distributed

between RNSs. The total number of licenses cannot exceed the recorded

number in the license file.

New or updated license files can be customized and ordered from Huawei.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

None

Benefits

The feature enables the fast expansion of capacity without a site visit, and therefore,

decreasing the initial cost of the network construction.



7.14 WRFD-030900 DBS Topology Maintenance


Availability


Description

The distributed NodeB provides RRU network topology scanning automatically. LMT

provides distributed Node B topology management function:

- Display the current networking architecture

- Different legend (in colors) to show the link status of BBU, RRU and CPRI

- Click on the components for monitoring and maintenance

Enhancement

In RAN6.0, the RRU network topology can be scanned automatically,

Dependency

None

Benefits

The feature provides convenient OM functions for DBS to save OPEX for the

operators.



7.15 WRFD-031000 Intelligently Out of Service


Availability


Description

The state of out of service will be automatically triggered in the following cases:

Voltage of the batteries is lower than the pre-set threshold after the AC power is

shut down

Reset of the NodeB

Cell block

When the state of out of service is triggered, the PCPICH power of the cells can be

lowered step by step until the UEs are switched to other 2G or 3G cells. For example,

the PCPICH power can be lowered to 1dB per 200ms. This allows the traffic to be

switched to other 2G or 3G cells without dropping the calls before the cell is out of

service.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

None

Benefits

This feature allows the traffic to be switched to other 2G or 3G cells without dropping

the calls before the cell is out of service.



7.16 WRFD-031200 OCNS


Availability


Description

In system performance tests, due to the number of UE and test environment

restrictions, it is difficult to use many UE to construct a certain level of interference

radio transmission environment,

The NodeB integrates the orthogonal code noise simulator (OCNS). This feature

enables the operators to perform radio load tests without a large number of UEs.

All analog channels are used mutually orthogonal code, the channel adopts the PN9

random code. All analog channel using the different power, but the the power

proportion for different channel is fixed, which is used to simulate the code signal

interference and signal PAR in the real environment. The total power of all analog

channel can be set up, which is used to simulate different downlink interference

(load), to facilitate assessment of the real system performance in different downlink

load.

The OCNS function is very convenient. It can be operated by the OMC. More cells

can operate OCNS function in same time.

Enhancement

None

Dependency

None

Benefits

The feature provides an embedded function to simulate the cell load in the NodeB. It

makes the cell load test more convenient.



7.17 WRFD-031300 Documentation


Availability


Description

The RAN customer documentation includes the following documents:

RAN system-level documents

RNC documents

NodeB documents

The documents cover the planning, installation, commissioning, and maintenance of

the RAN system.

The RAN system-level documents mainly include the following information:

Documentation guide that describes how to search and use the RAN documents.

Planning guide that describes how to plan the network, transport, hardware and

OM network.

Maintenance guide that gives the routine and emergency maintenance methods

and also the troubleshooting methods of the equipments.

Optimization guide that gives the radio network optimization principles and

suggestions, and the experiences for the future network expansion.

Reconfiguration guide that describes the operation procedures for the RAN

reconfiguration.

The RNC and NodeB documents introduce the function and features, technical

indices, equipment components of the NE, and also tell how to maintain the

equipments. The documents are basically classified into the following categories:

Document Categories Description

Product description

Introduces the key benefits, system architecture,

services and functions, operation and maintenance

network, reliability and technical specifications of the

NE.

Hardware descriptionIntroduces the hardware of the NE, including the

cabinet, boards, and cables.

Site preparation guideIntroduces the preparation items before the hardware

installation of the NE.



Document Categories Description

Installation guideIntroduces the installation procedures of the

BTS3812E cabinet, boards, and cables.

Initial configuration guideIntroduces how to conduct the initial configuration of

the NE.

Commissioning guide

Introduces how to commission the NE, which helps

you ensure that the new NE can access to the

WCDMA RAN system.

LMT user guide

Introduces the installation, interfaces, functions, and

routine operation and maintenance of the local

maintenance terminal (LMT).

Site maintenance guideIntroduces the routine hardware maintenance items

and the replacing procedures of the parts of the NE.

Reference

Including the following reference documents.

MML command reference: introduces the

parameter value, suggest value, default value,

and others of each command.

Alarm reference: introduces the meanings of the

alarms and how to clear them.

Performance counter reference: introduces the

meaning, measurement point, and others of each

counter.

The online-help-type of these reference documents

can also be obtained in the LMT.

Well-navigated: RAN customer documentation is planned on the basis of the

network life cycles and roles. All tasks are scenario-based to make the

documentation practical.

Complete RAN information: Both the system and the contents of the RAN

documentation are greatly improved.

Topic-oriented: Based on the DITA technology, the information will be chunked

into separate topics.

Powerful search: The information can be searched by products and data types.

Enhancement

None



Dependency

The documentation will be delivered with the CD as the product delivered.

Benefits

With the feature, the operators can get complete product information, technical

description for supporting the daily equipment maintenance.



8 NodeB Antenna System Solution

8.1 WRFD-060001 Connection with TMA (Tower Mounted Amplifier)


Availability


Description

The TMA is an optional equipment of the antenna and feeder system. It can

compensate the feeder loss caused by long feeders to increase the uplink coverage

range and cell radius of uplink.

Huawei Node Bs support for 3rd party TMA, including AISG TMA. Huawei Node Bs

complies with AISG1.1 protocol and AISG2.0 protocol.

The TMA is power supplied from NODE B and control by Node B. Huawei Node B

can provide 10-13V output to support the TMA. All the operation management and

alarm can be configured in Node B. When a major alarm related to the TMA is

reported, the system automatically sets the attenuation value of the RX channel to 0.

After the alarm is cleared, the system automatically sets the attenuation value of the

RX channel to the configured one.

For AISG TMA, RET control signal, power, and RF signal can be transmitted via the

RF feeder cable and thus it is easy to install and maintenance. Smart bias tee can

separate DC from the feeder to power supply for LNA, and RET control signal for

RCU. In RAN5.0, Node B support TMA which is compliant with AISG1.1 specification.

In RAN6.1, AISG2.0 TMA can be supported.

Huawei provides dual TMA, which means that the TMA includes two TX/RX branches

in one unit, and only one TMA is needed in each sector. The basic function of the

TMA is described as follows. Each TMA includes two TX/RX branches and one LNA

supervision and alarm generation unit. The functions of both branches are the same

and the function of one branch is described as follows. The Rx channel of each

branch includes two Rx filters and a low noise amplifier. The low noise amplifier can

be automatically passed when the DC is faulty. There is a bias tee in the BTS port of

the TMA. For the SMART TMA, this bias tee is called the smart bias tee. It can



separate the DC from the feeder, and provide not only power supply to the LNA, but

the RET control signal to the RCU. The Tx channel includes a Tx filter.

Huawei support two kinds of TMA with the gain of 24 dB and 12 dB.

Enhancement

In RAN5.0, Node B support TMA which is compliant with AISG1.1 specification.

In RAN6.1, AISG2.0 TMA can be supported.

Dependency

None

Benefits

In the uplink coverage limited network, the use of the TMA can improve the receiver

sensitivity, enlarge the cell radius, reduce the number of NodeBs, and save the cost

of the investment.



8.2 WRFD-060002 Remote Electrical Tilt


Availability


Description

The remote electrical tilt (RET) refers to an antenna system whose down tilt is

controlled electrically.

After an antenna is installed, the down tilt of the antenna needs to be adjusted to

optimize the network. In this situation, the phases of signals that reach the elements

of the array antenna can be adjusted through the electrical control. Then, the vertical

pattern of the antenna can be changed.

The phase shifter inside the antenna can be adjusted through the step motor outside

the antenna, you can adjust the down tilt of the RET antenna when the system is

powered on and monitor the real time down tilt. Therefore, the remote precise

adjustment of the down tilt of the antenna can be achieved.

The following figure shows the operating principle of the RET antenna.

Figure 1-1 Operating principle of the RET antenna

RCU

Phase shifter

Pulling bar

Radome

Control cable

(DC+ control signals)

A pulling bar connects the step motor and the phase shifter. When the step motor is

triggered, the pulling bar moves and then the phase of the phase shifter changes



through the gearing. In this situation, the phase of the signals that arrive in each

element antenna inside the array changes regularly. Then, the direction of the main

beam of the antenna changes accordingly. The down tilt of the antenna is adjusted.

The NodeB supplies the DC power to the step motor and communicates with it

through the AISG interface on the motor.

In the Huawei RET solution, the RET system can either be remotely controlled on the

M2000 or locally controlled on the NodeB Local Maintenance Terminal (LMT). A

command is sent to the Node B on the M2000 or the LMT.

The Node B modulates that command to the On-Off-Keying (OOK) signals and RF

module transfers the DC power and the OOK signals to the STMA or the SBT through

the feeders. The STMA or the SBT demodulates the OOK signals to RS485 signals

and then supplies the RS485 signals and part of the DC power to the RCU. No

additional control cable should be added.

The HUAWEI RET solution supports the 3G RET cascading control. Several 3G RET

antennas can be cascaded and control the signal coming from the same control

cable. The cascading helps save the costs of the smart bias tees (SBTs).

The HUAWEI RET solution supports the 2G/3G RET cascading control. The 3G RET

antennas can be cascaded with the 2G RET antennas. On the 3G operation and

maintenance center (OMC), you can control the down tilt of the 2G RET antenna. The

cascading helps save the costs of smart bias tees (SBTs) and STMAs when the 2G

and 3G RET antennas are installed in the same place.


Antenna

BTS

RC

USBT

Antenna

RC

U

Sector 1

Antenna

RC

U

Sector 2 Sector 3


Enhancement

In RAN6.0, the 3G RET cascading control and 2G/3G RET cascading control is

introduced.

In RAN6.1, AISG2.0 specification can be supported.

Dependency

None

Benefits

The application of the RET can prominently improve the efficiency and minimize the

OM cost for adjusting the down tilt of the antenna. The application of the RET have

the following benefits:

The RET antennas at multiple sites can be adjusted remotely within a short

period. This improves the efficiency and saves the cost of the network

optimization.

Adjusting of the RET antenna can be performed in all weather conditions.

It is easy to operate the RET antennas located in some sites that are difficult to

access.


3G Node B 2G BTS

RC

U SBT

Dual Band Antenna

RC

U

2G 3G


8.3 WRFD-060003 Same Band Antenna Sharing Unit (900 MHz)


Availability


Description

SASU900 can combine two same band signals into one with very low insertion loss

when the old system uses diversity antennas. Its basic guidance is as follows:

The downlink Tx signals in two different systems use two different antenna channels

of one dual polarity antenna, One uses the main antenna and the other uses the

diversity antenna. So it will bring in low Tx insertion loss. In terms of the Rx signal, the

Rx signal of each antenna channel is separated into two paths. One is used as the

main Rx signal of the system, and the other is used as the diversity Rx signal of the

other system. So the Rx splitter will bring in Rx insertion loss which can be

compensated by adding a LNA (Lower Noise Amplifier).

The SASU900’s connection diagram in the system is as follows:



The configuration of the SASU900 in the GSM900 and UMTS900 co-site system

Note: We define the ANT_M as the main antenna port of the UMTS, and the ANT_D

as the diversity antenna port of the UMTS. But the ANT_D is the main antenna port of

the GSM, and the ANT_M is the diversity antenna port of the GSM.

There is a limitation when using the SASU: The GSM will only use one antenna

branch.

To allow GSM two antennas to use cases, the SASA (Same Band Antenna Sharing

Adapter) is introduced. The SASA is mainly used to combine 2 branches GSM

carriers to one antenna branch, and keep the combination/division loss as low as

possible. When sharing the antenna with WCDMA, The GSM carriers prefer to be

located separately as a “sandwich”.



Figure 1-2 SASA function block

The typical network diagram of sharing antenna is described as follows:

BTSGSMBTSGSM

SASASASA

NodeBUMTSNodeBUMTS

SASU Note : All the bands is shown as DL bands

DL BandDL Band

DL Band

DL Band

Enhancement

None



Dependency

None

Benefits

The feature helps to share the same band antenna and decrease the uplink division

loss. Compared with the traditional combiner and diplexer, it gets 3 dB gains.


function description of huawei umts ran10.0

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