functional materials and various sensors used in games

8/19/2019 Functional Materials and Various Sensors Used in Games

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Functional materials and various sensors used in games & sports

1. Zing LED wicket system-cricket:• It was conceived by Bronte EcKermann, an Australian mechanical industrial

designer.

• First tried out in a club game in Adelaide.

• Besides the ICC under-19 World Cup, these have been used in T20 competitions

in ew !ealand, Australia and the "est Indies.

• India has seen the use o# !ing $%& wic'ets in ( th season o# I)$.

• $ow voltage batteries are incorporated in each o# the bails and stumps.

• A microprocessor in each bail detects when B*T+ spigots are dislodged #rom the

stump grooves. The bails also have an inbuilt sensor than can determine i# a

wic'et is bro'en, in -ust 11000th o# a second.

• All stumps / bails come #itted with $%&.

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"hen stumps and bails get dislodged, bails send radio signals to stumps and then both stumps and bails.

• A complete set reuired #or a match costs 0,000 3appro4imately 5s. 26 la'h7.

2. Punc Force !easurement " #o$ing training:• The setup has a #orceplate 35A) 1860 lb. $oad 9ell or a 5A): 660 lb load cell

or a 5A) 880 lb load cell7, which is a 'ind o# pie;oelectric material, attached to

a stand or installed onto a rigid wall. As the punches are thrown by the trainee,

the impact #orce is applied onto our #orce sensor which is then communicated

bac' to a )9.

• The processor counts the number and amount o# the perturbation #rom ;ero and

displays this in#ormation on a monitor. This allows to monitor punches per

minute, ma4imum #orce o# his or her punches, and endurance over time.

:. Electronic scoring system " %encing• The central unit o# the scoring system is commonly 'nown as <the bo4<. The bo4

normally carries a set o# lights to signal when a touch has been made.

• In the simplest version both #encers= weapons are connected to the bo4 via long

retractable cables.

• In #oil and sabre, because o# the need to distinguish ontarget hits #rom o##target

ones, special conductive clothing and wires must be worn. This includes a lam>,

3a -ac'et o# conducting cloth7 #or both weapons, a body cord to connect the

weapon to the system, a reel o# retractable cable that connects to the scoring bo4

and in the case o# sabre, a conducting mas' and cu## #or head and arms.



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• +its are registered by depressing a small pushbutton on the end o# the blade. In

#oil, the hit must land on the opponent=s lame to be considered ontarget3-ac'et,

#ace and arms only7.

. 'oal-line tecnology-soccer( %oot)all:

In ?uly 2012, the International Football Association Board 3IFAB7 o##icially

approved the use o# goal line technology, amending the Laws of the ame to

permit 3but not reuire7 its use. &ue to its e4pense, goalline technology is only

used at the very highest levels o# the game. @oalline technology is currently used

in the top %uropean domestic leagues, and at ma-or international competitions

such as the 201 en=s and 2016 "omen=s FIFA "orld 9ups.

@oalline technology 3sometimes re#erred to as a @oal &ecision ystem7 is a

method used to determine when the ball has completely crossed the goal line in between the goalposts and underneath the crossbar with the assistance o#

electronic devices and at the same time assisting the re#eree in awarding a goal or

not. The ob-ective o# goalline technology 3@$T7 is not to replace the role o# the

o##icials, but rather to support them in their decisionma'ing. The @$T must

provide a clear indication as to whether the ball has #ully crossed the line, and this

in#ormation will serve to assist the re#eree in ma'ing his #inal decision

• As o# ?anuary 2018, FIFA=s uality programme website lists (C stadiums with

licensed @$T installations all o# which use either the !aw"-E#e or oal Control

$% systems.

• 9urrently there are #our licensed providersD Ch#ron!e&o' Fraunhofer IIs'

oalControl' and !aw"-E#e Inno(ations. Ch#ron!e&o and Fraunhofer IIs sell

the oal)ef s#stem which is licensed by FIFA but is not currently installed in any

stadium

• Cairos L* s#stem+ )roduced by a @erman company Cairos *echnolo&ies A,

alongside Adidas, the @$T system used a magnetic #ield to trac' a ball with a

sensor suspended inside. Thin cables with electric current running through them

are buried in the penalty bo4 and behind the goal line to ma'e a grid. The sensor

measures the magnetic grids and relays the data to a computer which determines

i# the ball has crossed the line or not. I# the ball does cross the line, a radio signal

is sent to the re#eree=s watch within a second. Adidas designed a ball that could

suspend a sensor and 'eep it sa#e and intact even when the ball is struc' with

great #orce. Cairos claims the process is practically instantaneous, addressing

critics= concerns that the technology might slow down the game. An older system

developed by Cairos was trialed at the 2006 FIFA E1( "orld 9hampionship, but

was #ound not to be #ast or accurate enough



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• oalminder+ The technology uses highspeed cameras built into the goal posts

and cross bar to record images at 2000 #rames per second and deliver visual

evidence to the re#eree, in less than #ive seconds, to settle goalline controversy.

"ith this technology there is no calibrationD -ust visual evidence.

• oal)ef+ It #eatures a passive electronic circuit embedded in the ball and a low

#reuency magnetic #ield around the goal. Any change in the #ield on or behind

the goalline is detected by coils embedded in the goal #rame, which determine the

scoring o# a goal. By producing low magnetic #ields around the goals, oal)ef

creates the radio euivalent o# a light curtain. As soon as the ball has wholly

crossed the goal line between the posts, a change in the magnetic #ield is detected.

A goal alert is then instantaneously transmitted to the game o##icials using an

encrypted radio signal, with a message displayed on their wristwatches

• !aw"-E#e+ This system was #irst developed in 1. +aw'%ye is an e4isting

technology currently used in cric'et, tennis and snoo'er also. It is based on the

principle o# triangulation using the visual images and timing data provided byhighspeed video cameras at di##erent locations around the area o# play. The

system uses high #rame rate cameras to triangulate and trac' the ball in #light. The

so#tware calculates the ballGs location in each #rame by identi#ying the pi4els that

correspond to the ball. The so#tware can trac' the ball and predict the #light path.

The system also records the ball=s #light path and stores it in a database that is

used to create a graphic image o# the #light path, so the images can be shown to

commentators, coaches and audiences. The data #rom the system can also be used

to determine statistics #or players and analy;e trends. The proposal involves

placing seven cameras #or each goal mouth around the stadium. The system is

near realtime and re#erees will be noti#ied on their encrypted watch in less thanone second #rom the ball crossing the line.

*. F+D Powersot,uattriuum-ice ockey:• The F"& )owershot is a seven inch long sensor that #its in the end o# a hoc'ey

stic' which weighs only 60 grams.

• The device simply slides into hollow composite hoc'ey stic's and is powered on

by a light tap on the ice.

•The F"& )owershot wor's via Bluetooth connection, ,uattriuum has released amobile app called FW% portscard that will record statistics on up to 1,000 shots.

"ith in the range o# 10 meters, or roughly :2 #eet.

• The sensor records stats such asD

i. The speed o# stic',ii. The angle o# swing,

iii. The weight trans#er o# motion,iv. The #le4 gain 3produced by stic'7,



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v. The duration o# shot,vi. The speed o# swing rotation 3angular velocity7, etc.

• Acceleration is measured by the intensity o# the power trans#erred into the shot

motionHa combination o# the acceleration gained by shi#ting body weight and

the acceleration o# your arms.

• The time reuired to complete the shot is calculated as the time between the stic'

leaving the playing sur#ace and the stic' impacting the puc'.

/. 0wing)yte2-gol%:• In gol#, #or per#ecting the swing itGs now possible to buy swingimproving gears

such as special cameras, &#roscopic clubs, and sensor-e.uipped &lo(es. *ne o# the latest such aids is a deviceapp combo 'nown as wingbyte2.

• The electronic device clamps onto the sha#t o# any club, -ust below the grip.

• "hen we ta'e a swing, it automatically registers in#ormation such as lie angle,club head speed, #ace angle, and other data.

• In#ormation is wirelessly transmitted via Bluetooth to an i* or Android mobile

device.

• Additionally, i# we use your smartphone or tabletGs camera to shoot video o#

ourselves ta'ing the swing, the app will provide you with a splitscreen display o# our swing and a :& graphic representation o# it.

1. nsta)eat 3eart)eat measurer4-swimming:• For any enduranceoriented sport, athletes li'e to be able to reach a target

heartrate when theyGre training. Typically, this is done using a sensor integratedinto a chest strap, thatGs lin'ed to a sports watch, smartphone, or even to a headsup display in a set o# glasses. "hile there are sports watches designed #or swimmers, users have to stop swimming in order to read them.

• "ith the Instabeat, however, swimmers get the headsup option in the #orm o#

coloured $%&s that are pro-ected through the bottom o# their goggles.

• The Instabeat device attaches to the head strap o# a regular set o# goggles in such

a way that itGs able to read the wearerGs heart rate #rom their temporal artery, viaan optical sensor, and thatGs why, no chest straps or other peripherals are reuired

to measure the heartbeat.• It automatically turns itsel# on when it detects a pulse, and turns itsel# o## when

removed.

• An onboard microprocessor 'eeps trac' o# the heart rate in real time, and

illuminates colorcoded lights that indicate whether the wearer is currently at their own userspeci#ic Fat Burning, Fitness, or a4imum )er#ormance heart rate.

• The device also calculates how many calories have been burned, plus builtin

motion sensors allow it to 'eep trac' o# laps, #lip turns and breathing patterns.



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This data can be accessed on a dashboard display a#ter the swim, when theInstabeat is synced with a computer via EB.

5. 6Fi%ty-)asket)all:• The Fi#ty practice bas'etball uses si4 builtin sensors to give players an array o#

#eedbac' data and help identi#y what parts o# their game they need to wor' on themost.

• The sensors are able to measure things such as how accurately and uic'ly the

player is shooting, the amount o# arc on a shot, the uality o# release and bac'spin, and the #orce and speed o# a dribble.

• The Fi#ty=s battery should be good #or eighthours o# use and it recharges with

i wireless charging. Importantly, despite the sensors, it maintains the e4actweight o# a regulation ball.

• The Bluetootheuipped ball and its smartphone companion app wor's in #our

di##erent ways H Wor"out , ,uic"trainin& , Compete, and Challen&e. Wor"out and,uic"*rainin& are designed #or players to practice on their own, while Compete is#or up to #our players to battle it out in the same place, and Challen&e lets playerscompare their stats to anyone around the world.

functional materials and various sensors used in games

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