functions and structure of bones
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Functions and Structure of Bones. Ch. 6. Functions of bone. Support Protection Movement Mineral homeostasis Blood cell production Energy storage. Support. Provide a framework for the body Muscles attach to skeletal system. Protection. Protects internal organs Surrounds: - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Functions and Structure of Bones
Ch. 6
Functions of bone
• Support• Protection• Movement• Mineral homeostasis• Blood cell production• Energy storage
Support
• Provide a framework for the body• Muscles attach to skeletal system
Protection
• Protects internal organs• Surrounds:– Ribs – heart, lungs, liver, spleen– Skull – brain– Vertebrae – spinal cord
Movement
• Muscles pull on bones to produce motion• Muscles contract
Storage and Production
• Produce red blood cells– Produced by red bone marrow– Process called: hemopoiesis
• Stores minerals– Calcium, phosphorus– Releases minerals into blood
stream as needed• Stores energy– Lipids stored in yellow bone
marrow
Structure of Bone• Best examined in long bones (femur, humerus,
tibia, fibular, radius, ulna)
Structure of bone
• Diaphysis – dī-AF-i-sis– dia = through– physis = growth– The shaft or long
portion of the bone
Structure of bone
• Epiphysis (e-PIF-i-sēz)– epi = above, physis = ?– The ends of the bone– Proximal and distal
Structure of bone
• Metaphysis (me-TAF-i-sis)– Where the diaphysis meets
the epiphysis– Includes epiphyseal plate
Structure of bone
• Articular cartilage– Thin layer of hyaline cartilage– Covers epiphysis where a joint
is formed– Reduces friction, absorbs
shock
Structure of bone
• Periosteum (per-ē-OS-tē-um)– (peri = around, osteo = bone)– Membrane surrounding a bone not yet covered by articular
cartilage– Essential for growth, repair, nutrition– Point of attachment for ligaments and tendons– 2 layers
• Outer – fibrous layer– Dense irregular connective tissue– Contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves
• Inner – osteogenic layer– Contains elastic fibers, blood vessels, and bone cells
Structure of bone
• Medullary (MED-yoo-lar-ē)– Also called marrow cavity– Space with in the diaphysis that contains yellow
marrow– In adults only
Structure of bone
• Endosteum (end-OS-tē-um)– Membrane lining the
medullary– Contains osteoprogenitor
cells
Structure of bone